RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 1
High-energy heavy-ion collisions viewed with v2, singles and HBT measurements.
ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba
v2 – initial geometry and partonic flow and jetssingles(ratio and spectra) – chemical/thermal f.o.HBT – space-time information
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 2
initial state
pre-equilibrium
QGP andHydro. expansion
Hadronization
Elastic scatteringand kinetic freeze-outHadronic interaction
and chemical freeze-out
Time
? ?
TC=170 MeVC=0.5 GeV/fm3
Decreasing energy density
S. Bass
高エネルギー重イオン衝突における衝突領域の時間発展
v2
particle ratio
particle spectra
HBT
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 3
Au+Au collisions in sqrt(sNN)=200GeV with
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL
PHENIX
mid-rapidity hadron/electron/ photon spectrometer
Forward-rapidity muon spectrometer
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 4
BBC/ZDC : centralityDch/PC1,2,3 : trackingTof : hadron PIDRich : electron PIDEmcal : electron/photon PID
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 5
Beam-beam counter(BBC) ||=3~464pmts in each BBC charged particles
two central arms (CNT) ||<0.35Dch,PCs,TOF,EMCALtracking, momentum, PID
collision point
beam line
dNch
/d
-6 -3 0 3 6
Zero Degree CalorimeterShower-Max DetectorSpectator neutron energyBeam position
BBC
CNT
ZDC/SMD
MuonMuon arm +Silicon multiplicity(MVD) endcap
MVD
Reaction plane detectors in PHENIX
South North
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 6
Target
Projectile
b:impact parameter
React
ion
plan
e Reaction plane
initial geometryfinal momentum anisotropy
parton
parton
hadrons
A+A
p+p
Experimentally, the R.P. is defined by the event anisotropy by itself.
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 7
collisionvertex
BBCMVD
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 8
LED flasher
Scintillator strips
WLS fibers
16ch. PMT “M16”
Shower Maximum Detector (SMD)
horizontal-strips
vertical-strips
(X-CX)/X
(Y-C
Y)/ Y
(X-CX)/X
SMD1 SMD2
SMD1 (South) SMD2 (North)
beam spot distribution
X (cm) X (cm)
Y (
cm)
SMD
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 9
SMD1vsSMD2BBC1vsBBC2 SMDvs BBC
BBC1vs
BBC2
back-to-back back-to-back spectator neutrons vss from participants are flowing opposite.
MVD1vs
MVD2 BBCvs
MVD
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 10
particleR.P. (rad)
beam linereaction plane
neutron spectator
charged particles(pions) at mid
beam
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 11
PHOBOS : nucl-ex/0406021
PHENIX Preliminary
indication of v2 saturation at RHIC energy
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 12
Thermal model with blast-wave
hydro is really good to be truth!!What will happen with resonances?
Resonance effects are important in single spectra, but not too much in v2, because of pT shift of heavy particles having smaller v2 and linear pT dependence of v2.
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 13
Phys
.Let
t. B59
7 (2
004)
328
-332
, X. D
ong
et.al
.
Phys
.Rev
. C70
(200
4) 0
2490
1, V
. Gre
co et
.al
Pion deviation is explained by resonance decays
pT shift is the dominant effect compared to the smearing given by the opening angle.
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 14
hydro + jet
quark coalescence
recombination + fragmentation
Data prefer “quark coalescence / recombination” based picture rather than “hydro + jet” picture at intermediate pT.
QGP
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 15
minimum bias Au+Au at sNN = 200 GeV
PHENIX preliminary
some remainingmass ordering
PHENIX preliminary
quark + hadron flow
Tfo
初期離脱
SPS
Similar effect from the time-difference is seen in v2
Almost NOmass ordering
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 16
hydro + jet
Jets dominate the high pT part of spectra.
recombination + fragmentation
PHENIX STAR
And they (jets) are suppressed.
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 17
0.906 < < 1.042
dN/dy = A (Ncoll)
charmed e,e pT distribution
PHENIX Preliminary
PHENIX Preliminary
Charm quarks are not suppressed w.r.t. binary scaling compared to the light quarks, but it could be enhanced and suppressed (looked like binary scaled). The v2 of charm would give a hint for the answer to the question.
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 18
inclusive ee v2
charmed ee v2
If charm quarks also flow, charm quarks are thermalized and / or suppressed similarly to the light quarks.
STAR SQM04
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 19
Inclusive Single
PHENIX Preliminary
Run2 AuAu 200 GeV
1 + ( pQCD direct x Ncoll) / ( phenix pp backgrd x Ncoll)
[w/ the real, suppressed background]
PHENIX Preliminary
AuAu 200 GeV Central 0-10%
1 + ( pQCD direct x Ncoll) / phenix backgrd Vogelsang NLO
pT (GeV/c)
Direct photons are enhanced w.r.t. production, but it’s just because is suppressed, and the direct photons are in fact binary scaled.
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 20
vertical bar : stat. errorcurves, gray box : sys. error
phenix preliminary
Note : Inclusive photon = including all of the decay effect from hadrons
phenix preliminary phenix preliminary
pT [GeV/c]
, 200 GeV Au+Au , 200 GeV Au+Au , 200 GeV Au+Au
Direct photons should not have any flow by definition, but …Alternatively ratio can be measured by assuming v2
=0.
The difference here and the ratio will give us a measure of direct v2.
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 21
1<p T
(ass
ocia
te) <
1.5G
eV2.
5<p T
(ass
ocia
te) <
3GeV
hadron-hadron correlation (full pT reference)
(rad)
pure harmonic function fit
1.1
1.0
0.91.1
1.0
0.9
harmonic +near-side Gaussfunction fit
0. 0. 0.
harmonic +near-side +Far-side Gaussfunction fit
harmonic function fixed to themeasured v2
Au+Au 200GeV PHENIX preliminary
Another way to get the v2 : (v2)2 is given by the pair correlation
Ways to reduce the jet correlation with additional Gauss terms
A{1+2 (v2)2 cos(2)} + Gauss term
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 22
PHENIX Preliminary
Reac. plane v2 does have less non-flow because of the gap.Non-flow are removed in 2 part. corr. 2nd cumulant …
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 23
phenix preliminary
}nucl-ex/0305013
Au+Au 200 GeV Au+Au 200 GeV
v2 reduction of charged particles in the previous page could be enlarged by the baryon/meson ratio.
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 24
STAR2
par
ticl
e co
rrel
atio
n(v
2 +
no
n-f
low
)The difference here is given by the real flow (v2).
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 25
STAR : nucl-ex/0409033 non-flow reduced
v2{2}
v2{RP}
v2{4}
STAR Preliminary
charged particle v2
v2{2}
v2{RP}
Jet suppression ends somewhere …
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 26
recombination + fragmentation
semi-old STAR data
old STAR data
no jet-quenching
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 27
leading parton
hadrons
Q: Are jets source of v2?Q: Does reaction zone make flowing jets?
20-60%
STAR preliminary
20-60%
track1 - track2|
r.p.
in-plane pair
out-of-plane pair
in between
trigger particlein the selected angular window
Proof of the jet quenchingand the source of v2 at high pT
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 28
in-plane pairin between pairout-of-plane pair
0 0 (rad) (rad)
real
/mix
ed flow subtractedpT
trigger > 3GeV/c1 < pT
associated < 2 GeV/c
three curves are fixed bymeasured v2 and resolution
coalescence of jet-fragmentation could be one of the source of v2
PHENIX preliminary PHENIX preliminary
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 29
Associated particles pT distributions4 < pT
trig < 6 GeV/c
re-distributed lost energy
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 30
Tch : 化学的フリーズアウト温度B : バリオン化学ポテンシャル s : ストレンジネス化学ポテンシャル s : ストレンジネス平衡
粒子
比
SPS
RHIC
非弾性散乱の終了化学的フリーズアウト
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 31
弾性散乱の終了熱力学的フリーズアウト
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 32
/dN dy 2 2 2/30S r r A
2
Gluon saturation scale:
/1 GeVS
dN dyQ
r
Tch
/dN dy
S
TC
dNch/d200 400 600
<>
history of temperatureinitial temperaturefrom the energy densityphase transition atcritical temperaturechemical freeze-outtemperaturethermal freeze-outtemperature
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 33
early freeze-out
parton flow ?
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 34
クォーク数 ( バリオン/メソン)によるスケーリング則
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 35
2粒子相関と横方向膨張
検出
器x p
横方向運動量
流体モデル
1粒子分布 2粒子相関
熱的
フリ
ーズ
アウ
ト温
度
横方向流体速度
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 36
PHENIX, 200GeV Au+Au
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 37
coulomb correction
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 38
NA49
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 39
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 40
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20
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10
20
30
40
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90
Vf (
fm3 )
d+Au
p+p
√s=200 GeV
preliminary0
N
(fm
2 )
fmN
V
iii
ff 1
1
,
Mean free path at freeze-out:
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 41
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 42
(0) RQMD v2.4 original(1) pT vector randomized(2) pT vector aligned with rT vector(3) stronger |pT| vs time correlation(4) apply (2) and (3) simultaneously
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 43
The ellipse is still vertical (negative w.r.t. R.P.), but || is smaller than at AGS (closer to circle)
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 44
2
0,2
2,
2222
/2
/
ssfinal
xyxyinitial
RR
RRRR
initial final
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 45
E895
E895
PHENIX Preliminary
new source imaging technique (coulomb included)indication of the large (exponential/non-gaussian) sourcecore-core / halo-halo / core-halo cross term
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 46
PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 47
blast-wave model (fit)
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 48
Spectra Source size (HBT)
nucl-th/0311102 and nucl-th/0310040
Buda-Lund model (fit)
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 49
v2 and HBT from AMPT?σ ~ 10 mbσ < 6 mb (~ 3 mb?)
RCNP QGP workshop 2004/11/04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 50
initial geometry and partonic (and hadronic) flow v2 and its relation to jet quenching
(partonic and) hadronic flow + chemical/thermal freeze-out singles (ratio and spectra)
hadronic flow and space-momentum correlation HBT - space-time information