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Rashid Bajwa
NRSP Pakistan
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Income Poverty
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So where is “Income Poverty” • It is at the Household level
• Policy makers accepted it
• The key was to somehow reach the household
and Work with the family to increase income
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Two key Policy initiatives taken by the GoP
• Setting up of National Rural Support Program in 1991 with an endowment of 10 M $ to reach the poor and improve incomes
• Starting a direct (and perhaps easy) “national cash transfer” Program in 2008• The Benazir Income Suport Program (BISP)
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NRSP:
• Core objective was to organize the rural poor to create a system of grass roots governance
• Hypothesis that Individually the poor are unable to increase incomes and build assets and come out of poverty
• Collectively they stand a better chance
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COPresident
Manager
CO CO
HH Member
VOManager
President
VO
LSOPresident
Manager
Core Business of NRSP: Fostering a Three-Tiered Social Mobilization Network
405,073(COs)
1,4354(VOs)
1,606(LSOs)7.5 out of 20 Million
households organized
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BISP
• A national registry of Poor was established after doing a country wide poverty census with the help of World Bank• Proxy means testing as a tool was used
• World Bank arranged key consultants from Brazil to help set up the Program
• Program currently covers 6.5 M poorest Households• Monthly stipend is @ 15 $
• Total per annum cost to GoP is @ 1 Bln $
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World Bank “bolt from the blue”
• According to the national poverty line set in 2001, Pakistan has seen an exceptional decline in poverty—
• falling from nearly 35 percent in 2001 to less than 10 percent by 2013-14
http://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/who-poor-pakistan-today-raising-basic-standard-well-being-changing-society
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Political reaction: Disbelief
• What!!
• How is it possible
• Data is incorrect
• How can it happen
• What will media say
• Call the author
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The result:Provincial Poverty Trend 2001 – 2014 (Mansuri, G: World Bank 2016.)
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However!
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Policy makers are forced to look at MPI & other SDGs• Quick realization that income poverty and Multidimensional Poverty
are two different animals• Income Poverty is a “private good”
• Multidimensional poverty is a “Public Good”
• Problem with “public good” is that the Government keeps investing more and more but overlooks the outcomes• More budgetary allocations and expenditures will solve the problem
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The Gap between service providers and beneficiaries
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Project WISEScience and Technology to bridge the Gap
• Use the organized poor to create demand for services in Water, Immunization, Sanitation and Education (WISE)
• Use digital data through smart phones/tablets
• Train local “female” workers to capture baseline data as a census in each village on Android platform and quarterly update
• Upload data on central server using 4g sims
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Project WISE
• Data creates demand for services for which the local organizations Lobby with service providers with evidence about missing services
• Two districts Hasilpur in Punjab and Tando Mohd Khan in Sindh with 100,000 Households were chosen
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Households accessing safe water under WISE
11%
17%
51%
41%
TMK
Hasilpur
Baseline Current Status
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Status of Polio vaccination for children & women Immunization under WISE
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
TMK Hasilpur TMK Hasilpur
Polio Vaccination Women Immunization
Baseline Current Status
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Sanitation component
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TMK Hasilpur TMK Hasilpur TMK Hasilpur
Use of Safe Disposal of SolidWaste
Households having any type oflatrine
Sweeper Coverage
Baseline Current Status
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Education: Children enrollment in Government schools
32%
62%62%
73%
TMK Hasilpur
Baseline Current Status
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Lessons
• Science and technology can be a key instrument in creating impact on public policy especially in the context of key SDGs
• Project WISE is now under active consideration by Provincial and Federal Government only because technology could• Create credible evidence
• Show outcomes in a short period of time
• Software and dashboard is available free for any one interested
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Thank You