Some Experiences with Data and Models in International (Water) AssessmentsTon BresserNational Institute of Public Health and EnvironmentFrans van de VenInstitute for Inland Watermanagement and Waste Water Treatment
2Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
A few examples of international reports where water assessments have been incorporated (with involvement of RIVM):
• Environment in the European Union, EEA, 1995• UNEP, Global Environment Outlook 1, 2, 2000• Economic Assessment of Priorities for a
European Environmental Policy Plan
3Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
Environment in the European Union, EEA, 1995• purpose: review of the 5th Environmental Action Programme
• domain: water as part of the environment
• area: EU-12
• some instruments (mainly data)
Figure 3.2.4: Development of organic matter, phosphorous and nitrate concentration in EU12 riversSource: ETC/IW, 1995
Map 3.2.2: The pesticides 'hot spots' for groundwaterSource: RIVM (1995)
4Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
Environment in the European Union, EEA, 1995: some findings for water assessment• mainly data (state of the environment), little analysis of
cause-effect (for water)
• prospective part: mainly qualitative; strengthening of
tools necessary
• hardly any use of mathematical models
• choice of indicators based on availability of data, not
on analysis of main issues of importance for end-
points (i.e. health of people and ecosystems)
• sketchy
5Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
• purpose: assess emerging problems and issues / re-assess;
secundary: connection between problems? policy results?
• domain: water as part of the environment
• area: world but regionally differentiated
• some instruments (models; integrated):
UNEP, Global Environment Outlook 1, 2, 2000
6Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
UNEP, Global Environment Outlook 1, 2, 2000: some findings for water assessment• mainly models, hardly any data-analysis: need
for datacentre(s)• only issues incorporated for which models are
available; incomplete picture: co-ordinated effort needed
• validation is serious issue with integrated modelling
• downscaling to Europe not always possible with enough detail to deal with European issues: regional approach
• connection with action programme(s) difficult but necessary
• process / networking collaborating centres at least as important as reports
7Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
Economic Assessment of Priorities for a European Environmental Policy Plan• purpose: assess persistent problems and issues
• domain: water as part of the environment
• area:pan-Europe
• some instruments (models,data analysis, linked):
2010 Inh. Inlandresources
irrigationarea
Totalabstraction
public irrigation industry cooling
Mio Mio m³ km2 Mio m³ % % % %Austria 8.2 84000 40 2244 32 10 20 37Belgium 10.5 16500 10 6609 11 0 3 86Denmark 5.4 6115 4750 1051 48 39 13 0Finland 5.4 110200 640 3151 13 2 33 52France 62.5 188000 15250 38812 15 13 10 63Germany 86.9 164000 4750 56098 7 4 11 78Greece 11.1 60500 13400 4718 13 83 4 1Ireland 3.8 52198 0 1209 38 18 19 24Italy 56.8 175000 27100 52724 14 58 14 14Luxembourg 0.4 3205 0Netherlands 16.8 91000 5700 12003 8 1 4 86Portugal 10.2 65305 6320 7646 7 57 3 32Spain 40.2 117290 36600 31624 12 61 4 24Sweden 9.4 173975 1150 2623 35 8 53 4United Kingdom 59.4 145038 1080 11476 51 15 7 26
Source: ETC-IW, 1999.
8Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
Carmen as example of modelling approachAgriculture
Atmospherictransport
Waste water
Population density
N-input on land
Direct runoff
TreatmentCrop uptake
- denitr.
Excess-N
Ground water
Surface water
Coastal zones
Landuse
Industry, traffic, etc
imp
acttran
sport
lossesd
istribu
tionin
pu
t
Model structure
9Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
Carmen as example of modelling approachAgriculture
Atmospherictransport
Waste water
Population density
N-input on land
Direct runoff
TreatmentCrop uptake
- denitr.
Excess-N
Ground water
Surface water
Coastal zones
Landuse
Industry, traffic, etc
imp
acttran
sport
lossesd
istribu
tionin
pu
t
• hydrogeological data as basis• GIS-based approach to
translate national statistics to catchments
• transformation of emissionsto river loads
• statistical techniques
• inventory of point and non-point sources
• surface and ground water flow (N); P only surface
• calibrated for loss terms N and P• comparison calculated /
measured at river mouths
10Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
Economic Assessment of Priorities for a European Environmental Policy Plan: some findings for water assessment • enough detail to address European issues• concentrated on persistent problems; no state
of environment• relation between environmental issues not
fully analysed• consistent scenarioes as starting point in
analysis: valuable tool• data-availability much improved
11Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
General recommandations:
• combination of data-analysis and modelling; synthesis is important part in analysis
• integration (in models) needs attention:integration at water system level or integration along DPSIR ?
• consistent scenarioes necessary; attention:scenarioes for water management orscenarioes for economic and demographic
development ?
• until now, hardly any public or stakeholder involvement: clean “scientific” analysis; does not fit into WFD; other tools needed
12Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
End of presentation; following sheets: details
13Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
Figure 3.2.4: Development of organic matter, phosphorous and nitrate concentration in EU12 riversSource: ETC/IW, 1995
14Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
Map 3.2.2: The pesticides 'hot spots' for groundwaterSource: RIVM (1995)
15Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
16Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
17Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
example of resultsfrom CARMEN(CAuse effectRelation Modelfor the ENvironment
18Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
19Some Experiences with Data and Models in Intenational (Water) Assessments | Ton Bresser
2010 Inh. Inlandresources
irrigationarea
Totalabstraction
public irrigation industry cooling
Mio Mio m³ km2 Mio m³ % % % %Austria 8.2 84000 40 2244 32 10 20 37Belgium 10.5 16500 10 6609 11 0 3 86Denmark 5.4 6115 4750 1051 48 39 13 0Finland 5.4 110200 640 3151 13 2 33 52France 62.5 188000 15250 38812 15 13 10 63Germany 86.9 164000 4750 56098 7 4 11 78Greece 11.1 60500 13400 4718 13 83 4 1Ireland 3.8 52198 0 1209 38 18 19 24Italy 56.8 175000 27100 52724 14 58 14 14Luxembourg 0.4 3205 0Netherlands 16.8 91000 5700 12003 8 1 4 86Portugal 10.2 65305 6320 7646 7 57 3 32Spain 40.2 117290 36600 31624 12 61 4 24Sweden 9.4 173975 1150 2623 35 8 53 4United Kingdom 59.4 145038 1080 11476 51 15 7 26
Source: ETC-IW, 1999.