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BONY WIEM LESTARIEPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS DEPARTMENT
2012
QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN AND VALIDATION
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MasalahApakah metode persalinan dengan
hypnobirthing lebih efektif mengurangi nyeri persalinan ?
Tujuan Mengetahui perbandingan intensitas nyeri persalinan antara ibu yang mengikuti dan
tidak mengikuti hypnobirthing
Manfaat Aspek ilmiah Aspek praktis
Learning Objectives:
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What is Questionnaire
?
A TOOL FOR COLLECTING INFORMATION TO DESCRIBE, COMPARE, EXPLAIN, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, BEHAVIORS, AND/OR DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ON A PARTICULAR TARGET GROUP
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1. Self administered (mailed or personal contact)
2. In person (face-to-face) interviews
3. Telephone interviews
Questionnaire General Format:
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Types of Questions:1. Open-ended questions• Permit free response which should be
recorded in the respondents’ own words.
2. Closed questions• Have a list of possible options or
answers from which the respondents must choose.
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Identify: (Self learning)
1. Advantages & disadvantages of open-ended questions
2. Advantages & disadvantages of closed questions
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Steps in Designing A Questionnaire
1. Content Take your objectives and variables as a starting point
2. Formulating questions– Formulate one or more questions that will provide the
information needed for each variable– Check whether each question measures one thing at a
time– Avoid leading questions– Avoid words with double or vaguely defined meanings or
that emotionally laden– Ask sensitive questions in a socially acceptable way
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Steps in Designing A Questionnaire
3. Sequencing the questions– Design your interview schedule or questionnaire
to be ‘informant friendly’– Use simple, everyday language
4. Formatting the questionnaire5. Translation
If interviews will be conducted in one or more local languages, the questionnaire should be translated in order to standardise the way questions will be asked.
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Conceptualization:abstract construct – conceptual definition – operasionalization - indicator
Constructing
Testing
Analysis
Revising
Steps in Questionnaire Development: (Cohen)
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Questionnaire is a tool:
• The quality of a measurement: validity and reliability
Validity: • the extent to which a test measures what it is
intended to measure• Free of systematic error• Accuracy
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Questionnaire is a tool:
Reliability:• The degree to which a variable has nearly the same
value when measured several times• Free of random error (chance)• Precision• Also called reproducibility, consistency• Assessing precision (reproducibility of repeated
measurement):– Within – between observer– Within – between instruments
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Reliability:
• Reliability coefficient ~ correlation coefficient (0 – 1)• A questionnaire is reliable when the
minimum reliability coefficient is 0.7
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• Criterion validity (predictive and concurrent)depending on whether the criterion refers to a current or future assessment
• Construct validityassembly evidence to support or refute a complex scientific theory and to show under what circumstances it holds true
Assessing Validity:
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• Content validity– refers to comprehensiveness– how adequate the sampling of questions reflects
the aims of the index that were specified in the conceptual definition of its scope
Assesing Validity:
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FINAL REMARKS:
• prior to using a questionnaire it has to be established that the instrument is valid and reproducible in the context (i.e. population, setting and study design) in which it is going to be employed.
• conceptually comparable (conceptual equivalence)• developing a new questionnaire is very time-
consuming• burden on respondents• practical aspects of the study
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REFERENCES:
1. Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaire. Ian McDowell and Claire Newell. 1996.
2. Psychological Testing: Design, Analysis and Use. Lisa Friedenberg. 1995.
3. Designing and Conducting Health System Research Projects. KIT Publishers. WHO. 2003
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What’s Your Message?THANK YOU