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Qanat rehabilitation inQanat rehabilitation inthe MENA regionthe MENA region
from Morocco to Iraqfrom Morocco to Iraq
By Dr. Joshka WesselsBy Dr. Joshka Wessels
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Nice to meet you !Nice to meet you !
Combining visual anthropology and geography for Sustainable Traditional Water Management. Eco-documentaries about water, sustainable development, ecopeace, sanitation and the environment. Films broadcast on BBC World and Al Jazeera English, Discovery Channel, The Water Channel.
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PhD ThesisPhD Thesis
20082008
““TO COOPERATE OR NOT TO COOPERATE…?”TO COOPERATE OR NOT TO COOPERATE…?”
Collective action for rehabilitationCollective action for rehabilitationof traditional water tunnel systems (qanats) in Syriaof traditional water tunnel systems (qanats) in Syria
Promotors:Promotors:Ton Dietz - UvA, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsTon Dietz - UvA, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsTony Allan - SOAS/Kings college, London, UKTony Allan - SOAS/Kings college, London, UK
Support from ICARDA, UNU, SDC, DGISSupport from ICARDA, UNU, SDC, DGISProfessor Iwao Kobori (Tokyo University)Professor Iwao Kobori (Tokyo University)
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What is a qanat ?What is a qanat ?
Source: Prof. Dale Lightfoot, Oklahoma State University
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What is a qanat ?What is a qanat ?
Qanat as a human ecosystemQanat as a human ecosystem
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PhD Thesis - problem treePhD Thesis - problem treeQanats in Syria are
being abandoned
Qanats fall dryQanats do not give
enough revenue
Qanats cannot provide
enough water and food
Population explosion
Changingsocio-economic
environment
Overexploitationgroundwater
resourcesClimate change
Lack of collective actionfor maintenance
Qanats are destroyed
Earthquakes, floods and wars
Introduction of newerextraction
technologes
Socio-politicalchanges In landuse
Landreform andredivision of land
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Pilot renovations carried out Pilot renovations carried out between 2000 and 2004 between 2000 and 2004
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Digital Video to documentDigital Video to documentoral history and knowledgeoral history and knowledge
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ConclusionsConclusions
A seemingly homogenous, small-scale and close-knit community appeared to be in fact very diverse and socially complex.
The presence of powerful leaders, mediators and initiators at community level are main factors of success
Local socio-political history, perception, and power are important aspects of collective community action for successful qanat rehabilitation
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Important Qanat countriesImportant Qanat countries Iran (Qanat)Iran (Qanat) North-Iraq (Kurdistan) (Karez)North-Iraq (Kurdistan) (Karez) Azerbaijan (Karez)Azerbaijan (Karez) Oman (Falaj)Oman (Falaj) Yemen (Ghayls)Yemen (Ghayls) Uzbekistan (Karez)Uzbekistan (Karez) China (Karez)China (Karez) Algeria (Foggara)Algeria (Foggara) Morocco (Khettara)Morocco (Khettara) Tunisia (Foggara) Tunisia (Foggara)
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
Restoration and Maintenance of Karez Restoration and Maintenance of Karez in Iraq: Advanced Techniques in in Iraq: Advanced Techniques in Planning, Methodology and Planning, Methodology and ApplicationsApplications
How to work with user communitiesHow to work with user communities
GUIDEBOOK FOR SUSTAINABLE GUIDEBOOK FOR SUSTAINABLE QANAT REHABILITATIONQANAT REHABILITATION
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Government Participation Government Participation
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Almost 40% of the qanats in this region have died since the onset of drought in 2005 (most of those stopped in 2006-2008).
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Using GIS and Google Earth for documentation and survey of Karezes – PhD study Hawta Khayyat at Oklahoma State University under supervision of Prof. Dale Lightfoot
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Using GIS and Google Earth for documentation and survey of Karezes
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Groundwater Geographic Information System GoalsGroundwater Geographic Information System Goals
Open Data Access Open Data Access – providing better access to a large – providing better access to a large volume of high quality, general purpose hydrologic volume of high quality, general purpose hydrologic data (for individuals, ministries, organizations).data (for individuals, ministries, organizations).
Hydrologic Observatories Hydrologic Observatories – storing and synthesizing – storing and synthesizing (organizing) hydrologic data for a region.(organizing) hydrologic data for a region.
InterdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary– providing a stronger hydrologic – providing a stronger hydrologic information infrastructure for the scientific community information infrastructure for the scientific community and other disciplines (scholars, planners, etc.).and other disciplines (scholars, planners, etc.).
Education OutreachEducation Outreach– bringing more hydrologic data – bringing more hydrologic data into the world, and decision support systems into the world, and decision support systems
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Karez in KurdistanKarez in Kurdistan
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Benefits for communityBenefits for community
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Benefits for communityBenefits for community
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Water from the Water from the Dawn of CivilizationDawn of Civilization
The use of GIS, Google Earth and DigitalThe use of GIS, Google Earth and Digital
Video for accessible documentation of oralVideo for accessible documentation of oral
history and intangible heritage of Qanathistory and intangible heritage of Qanat
experts and users for future generations –experts and users for future generations –
An international proposalAn international proposal
““The Last Diggers”The Last Diggers”
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Water from the Water from the Dawn of CivilizationDawn of Civilization
The need for interdisciplinary cooperation and holistic approach
Participatory development approach
Involvement environmental NGOs, Civil society and Communities
Designate Qanats as World Heritage both tangible and intangible