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Cardiovascular System• Purpose• Mammalian heart structures and function• Blood Pressure• Heart beat or rhythm• Heart attacks and atherosclerosis
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Cardiovascular System• All cells need
– Nutrients– Gas exchange– Removal of wastes
• Diffusion alone is inadequate for large and complex bodies
• Most animals use a circulatory system– Blood– Heart– Blood vessels
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Diffusion ofmolecules
Capillary
Interstitialfluid
Tissuecell
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0s-1MC1hcE
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The mammalian heart– Two thin-walled atria that pump blood to ventricles– Thick-walled ventricles that pump blood to lungs and all other
body regionsRight atrium To lung
From lung
Semilunarvalve
Atrioventricular(AV) valve
Left atrium
To lung
From lung
Semilunarvalve
Atrioventricular(AV) valve
Rightventricle
LeftventricleBlood Anatomy and Circulation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE 3:29 mins
Flow through the Heart https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XaftdE_h607.5 mins
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Superiorvena cava
Pulmonary artery
Capillariesof right lung
8
9
2
3
Aorta
4 510
1 6Pulmonary vein
9Right atrium
Inferiorvena cava
Right ventricle
4
8
3
Pulmonary artery
Capillariesof left lung
Aorta
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Left ventricle
27
Capillaries of head, chest, andarms
Capillaries of abdominal regionand legs
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Blood Pressure
Blood pressure and velocity is a reflection of the heart and blood vessels function in blood circulationRhythmic heart contractions and relaxations
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/bloodpressure.html
Blood pressure – The force blood exerts on vessel walls– Depends on
– Cardiac output– Resistance of vessels
– Decreases as blood moves away from heart Understanding Blood Pressure – Anatomy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWti317qb_w 2:48 mins
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• Blood pressure is – Highest in arteries– Lowest in veins
• Blood pressure is measured as – Systolic pressure—pressure caused by contraction
ventricles– Diastolic Right and left ventricles relax
Lub Dub https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4kGMI-qQ3I
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Semilunarvalvesclosed1 Heart is
relaxed.
AV valvesare open.
Diastole
0.4 sec
2 Atriacontract.
Systole0.1 sec
Semilunarvalvesare open.
3 Ventriclescontract.
AV valvesclosed
0.3 sec
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An internal pacemaker sets the tempo of the heartbeat
The heart contracts and relaxes rhythmically under the effect of electrical signals received from specialized cardiac muscle cells and conducting fibers (not nervous tissue)
• pacemaker (SA node) which generates electrical signals in right atrium
• AV node then relays these signals to the ventricles
Cardiac conduction system and ECG.wmv https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYZ4daFwMa8
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Pacemaker(SA node) AV node
Rightatrium
1 Pacemakergeneratessignalsto contract
2 Signals spreadthrough atriaand are delayedat AV node
ECG
3 Signals relayedto apex of heart
4 Signals spreadthroughventricle
Apex
Specializedmuscle fibers
Cardiac Conduction Systemhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lt092HZCppo 1:03 minshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYZ4daFwMa8
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Schematic illustration of the cardiac conduction system
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1922987-overview
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depolarization of the heart’s atria depolarization
of the heart’s ventricles
Re-polarization of the ventricles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRHq7sMRWpU
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What is a heart attack?• A heart attack is damage to cardiac muscle
typically from a blocked coronary artery• Stroke- Death of brain tissue from blocked
arteries in the head
Blockage
Deadmuscletissue
Right coronaryartery
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Leftcoronaryartery
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What is a heart attack?
• Atherosclerosis– Plaques develop inside inner walls of blood vessels– Plaques narrow blood vessels– Blood flow is reduced
PlaqueEpitheliumConnectivetissue
Smoothmuscle
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