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PUBLIC INFORMATION
SESSION
4th
October, 2017
Wanaka
Upper Clutha
Water Group
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LAKE SNOW UPDATE
Adam Uytendaal, ORC
Phil Novis, Landcare Research
Marc Schallenberg,
University of Otago
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INTRODUCTION
▪ About lake snow
▪ Our research
▪ What next
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About lake snow
▪ Lindavia intermedia
▪ Largish ~ 0.02 mm
▪ Secretes ‘glue’ like
slime
▪ Forms a large sticky
mass which floats in
the water
Images Dr Phil Novis
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Lake snow or lake snot?
▪ Marine snow
▪ Lake snow
▪ Lake snot
Is generally called lake snow
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How lake snow forms
0.05 mm 0.05 mm 0.5 mm 50 mm
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People issues
▪ Water supply
▪ Clogging filters
▪ Sticking to swimmers
▪ Fouling of fishing gear
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Ecological
impacts
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Where is lake snow present?
▪ Lake Wanaka / Hawea
▪ Lake Wakatipu / Moke
▪ Lake Benmore (Canterbury)
▪ Pukaki lakes (Canterbury)
▪ Lake Coleridge (Canterbury)
▪ Lake Waikaremoana (N.Island)
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Lake Wanaka sediment core
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Depth
(cm
)
1
2
3
4
0 20 40
Disco
stel
la s
tellige
ra sm
all (
cf p
seud
oste
lliger
a)
0 20
Disco
stel
la s
tellige
ra la
rge
0 20
Cyc
lote
lla m
eneg
hinian
a
0 20 40 60
Ach
nant
hidi
um m
inut
issim
um com
plex
0
Fragila
ria sp
cf cro
tone
nsis
0
Nitz
schia
perm
inut
a co
mplex
0
Nitz
schia
amph
ibia
0 20
Aulac
oseira
gra
nulata
0 20
Bra
chys
ira n
eoex
ilis/
micro
ceph
ala
0 20
Nitz
schia
sp 2
0 20
Cyc
lote
lla b
odan
ica
var l
eman
ica
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
year
AD
Schallenberg & Saulnier-Talbot (in prep)
New arrival?
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OUR RESEARCH
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Purpose
“To test whether lake snow (Lindavia
Intermedia) is a recent invader to NZ lakes”
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DNA
▪ A chemical
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DNA
▪ A chemical
▪ Stores genetic information
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DNA
▪ A chemical
▪ Stores genetic information
▪ Changes over time
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DNA
▪ A chemical
▪ Stores genetic information
▪ Changes over time
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DNA
▪ A chemical
▪ Stores genetic information
▪ Changes over time
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DNA
▪ A chemical
▪ Stores genetic information
▪ Changes over time
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DNA
▪ A chemical
▪ Stores genetic information
▪ Changes over time
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DNA
▪ A chemical
▪ Stores genetic information
▪ Changes over time
▪ Records ancestry
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Lake snow
“phylogeography”
Obtain material from different areas
▪ Washington
▪ British Columbia
▪ Alaska
▪ Wyoming
▪ New England
▪ Switzerland
▪ Germany
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Lake snow
“phylogeography”
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Lake snow
“phylogeography”
Obtain material from different areas
Find rapidly changing regions of DNA
▪ 100 candidates
▪ 20 gave bands on gels
▪ 12 produced variation
▪ 6 were repeatable
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Lake snow
“phylogeography”
Obtain material from different areas
Find rapidly changing regions of DNA
Collect data from each region
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Lake snow
“phylogeography”
NZ and Washington lake snow is the same
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Lake snow
“phylogeography”
Pattern of diversity most consistent with a “there to here” explanation
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WHAT DOES ALL THIS MEAN?
▪ Lake snow should be regarded as invasive
▪ Quite likely from North America
▪ Drivers: more complex than straight
environmental change
▪ Another biosecurity lesson
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IT DOESN’T TELL US
▪ Anything about mechanisms
▪ Exactly when it arrived
▪ How to fix it
In short: we need to know more about it
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WHAT NEXT?
▪ Lake monitoring
▪ ORC-funded work
▪ University funded research
▪ MBIE projects
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Lake monitoring
From Sept. 2016, monthly boat-based
monitoring of:
▪ Hawea / Wanaka
▪ Wakatipu / Hayes
▪ Three years committed
▪ LTP?
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New ORC-funded work
Confirming the time of arrival of lake snow in Otago
▪ Coring and dating the sediments of lake snow infected lakes in the region
▪ Checking all NZ diatom lists and historical collections for reference to lake snow
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New ORC-funded work
▪ Studying literature on causes of algae shifts to Lindavia-like diatoms in big deep lakes from around the world
▪ Studying world-wide literature on causes of polysaccharide production by the algae
▪ 1-year programme
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University of Otago Research
Lake snow and fish populations
▪ Travis Ingram, MS, and Birgit Köhler(Uppsala University)
▪ Measurement of the sinking rate of lake snow to the lake bed and its impact on common bullies
▪ 1-year programme
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Lakes380 MBIE research
Led by Marcus Vandergoes (GNS) and Susie
Wood (Cawthron Institute)
▪ Determining the environmental history of
380 NZ lakes through sediment coring
▪ Southern Great Lakes diatom analysis
▪ 5-year programme
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Continuation of previous slide if neededMBIE: Lake snow toolbox
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About the fund
▪ Endeavour Smart Ideas fund
▪ Up to $1 million dollars over three years
▪ Successful proposal:
“Lake snow detection and quantification:
novel methods for an emerging
environmental problem”
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Project overview
▪ Develop new tools to quantify and detect
▪ Test those tools in Lake Wanaka
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Wrap up...
• No quick fixes
• So much more to learn
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HOW YOU CAN HELP
• Help stop the spread
Check, Clean, Dry – always
• Tell us when you encounter lake snow…
It helps build a picture of where it has the
biggest impact on people enjoying the lakes
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HOW YOU CAN HELP
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Questions?
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Thank you for
coming along tonight
Upper Clutha
Water Group