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Ch. 29: Predetermined Time Systems
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth broke work intotherbligs (elements).The next step is to assign time values to theelements.Times for elements are added to obtain a totaltime.Independence and additivity are assumed.
PTS are based on the concept that there arebasic, universal units of work with standardamounts of time.
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Methods-Time Measurements (MTM)
Developed in 1946Simplified versions are available.
A training course is required for using the
system correctly.
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MTM-110 categories of movementsTimes in TMUs (1 TMU = .000 010 h)Times are for an experienced worker working at
a normal pave.No allowances are included in the times.
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Reach
Reach to an object in a fixed location or in theother hand.Reach to a single object whose general
location is known.Reach to an object jumbled with others in agroup.Reach to a very small object or whereaccurate grasp is required.Reach to an indefinite location.
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Move
Move object to the other hand or against stop.Move object to an approximate or indefinitelocation.
Move object to an exact location.
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Turn
A movement that rotates the hand, wrist, andforearm about the long axis of the forearm.Time depends on degrees of turn, weight of the
object, and resistance against turn.
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Apply Pressure
Application of force without resultant movement.
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Grasp
Pickup graspRegraspTransfer grasp
Jumbled graspContact, sliding, or hook grasp
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Position
Aligning, orienting, or engaging one object withanotherPosition times vary with:
Amount of pressure needed to fitSymmetry of the objectEase of handling
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Disengage
Breaking contact between one object andanotherTimes vary with:
Class of fitEase of handlingCare in handling
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Release
Relinquishing control of an object by the hand orfingersTwo types:
Simple opening of the fingersContact release
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Other Motions
Body, leg, and foot motionsEye motionsCombined motions
Limited motions
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MTM Form
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MTM-2
Takes about 40% of the time of MTM-1 toanalyze a task.Has only 37 times in all.
Key categories are GET and PUT.Provides decision trees to determine case.User estimates distance and uses time fromtable.Includes 7 other motions.
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MTM-2 Analysis
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MTM-3 Analysis
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MOST Work Measurement System
Based on observation that the majority ofactivities are associated with a limited number ofmotion sequences.
Significantly reduces time required to perform ananalysis.4 sequence models.
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General Move Sequence Model
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MODAPTS
Based on the concept that the body memberused is the key variable.
All body movements are multiples of a MOD (1
MOD = .129 s).
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Purposes of PTS Studies
Make a methods analysis to determine anefficient work methodDetermine the amount of time necessary to do
the job