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Mindsets:Helping Students To Fulfill Their
Potential
Carol S. Dweck
Stanford University
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Learner or Non-learner?
“I don’t divide the world into the weak and the strong, or the successes and the failures… I divide the world into the learners and non-learners.”
-- Benjamin Barber
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Mindsets Matter
Fixed Mindset:
Intelligence is fixed
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Mindsets Matter
Fixed Mindset:
Intelligence is fixed
Growth Mindset:
Intelligence can be developed
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Brain Plasticity
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What do mindsets do?
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Achievement in 7th & 8th GradeBlackwell, Dweck, & Trzesniewski (2007)
72.072.573.073.574.074.575.075.576.076.577.0
EnteringAcademic
Year
Fall Year 1
Spring Year 1
Fall Year 2
SpringYear2
FixedGrowth
growth mindset
fixed mindset
Mat
h G
rad
es
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How do mindsets work?
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#1
Fixed Mindset:
LOOK SMART AT ALL COSTS
Growth Mindset:
LEARN AT ALL COSTS
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#2
Fixed Mindset : Effort is badIF YOU HAVE TO WORK HARD, YOU’RE
NOT SMART
Growth Mindset: Effort is good WORKING HARD MAKES YOU
SMARTER
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#3 IN THE FACE OF SETBACKS…
Fixed Mindset: It’s about youGIVE UP, BECOME DEFENSIVE
Growth Mindset: It’s about learningSHOW RESILIENCE
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After Setback
Fixed Mindset: “I’d spend less time on this subject from now on.”“I would try to cheat on the next test.”
Growth Mindset:“I would work harder in this class from now on.”
Blackwell, Trzesniewski and Dweck, 2007
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How Are Mindsets Transmitted?
Mueller & Dweck, 1998; Kamins & Dweck,1 999; Cimpian, Arce, Mueller & Dweck, 1998; Kamins & Dweck,1 999; Cimpian, Arce, Markman, & Dweck, 2007. Markman, & Dweck, 2007.
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Intelligence vs. “Process” Praise
• Fixed (vs. Growth) Mindset
• Non-learner vs. Learner!
In the face of difficulty:
• Not resilient
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Changing Mindsets
Interventions
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• Growth Mindset Group: Growth mindset + study skills
• Control Group: Study skills
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The brain is a network of cells (neurons)
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The cells communicate through chemical messages
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Math Grades(Blackwell, Trzesniewski, & Dweck, 2007)
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Making it to college vs. making it through college
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Course DropoutStudents Who Dropped Freshman Math
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4 Computer Modules
Teachers’ Guide
www.brainology.us
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The Brainology approach
www.brainology.us
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Transforming the Meaning of Effort and Difficulty
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