Download - Protozoans Lecture Amoeba
Protozoa Protozoa
General characteristicsGeneral characteristics
UnicellularUnicellular Variation in size shape, locomotor Variation in size shape, locomotor
apparatusapparatus Majority are free livingMajority are free living Some are parasiticSome are parasitic
Morphology Morphology
Ectoplasm Ectoplasm
Locomotor apparatusLocomotor apparatus– PseudopodsPseudopods– FlagellaFlagella– CiliaCilia– Undulating membraneUndulating membrane
Procurement of foodProcurement of food– periostomeperiostome
Discharge of metabolic wasteDischarge of metabolic waste– cytophagecytophage
ENDOPLASMENDOPLASM
Contractile vacuoleContractile vacuole– Regulating osmotic pressureRegulating osmotic pressure
OrganellesOrganelles NucleusNucleus
– karyosomekaryosome
Stages of developmentStages of development
Trophozoite Trophozoite – VegetativeVegetative– MotileMotile– Infective stageInfective stage– Obtained from semi formed stoolObtained from semi formed stool
CystCyst– Non motile stageNon motile stage– Resistant stageResistant stage– Sexual reproductionSexual reproduction
Mitotic or amitoticMitotic or amitotic
– Sexual union of two cellsSexual union of two cells Temporary union or conjugationTemporary union or conjugation
Amoeba Amoeba
General ruleGeneral rule
Inhabits the large intestine ex. Inhabits the large intestine ex. Entamoeba gingivalisEntamoeba gingivalis
Most develops into cystic stage ex. Most develops into cystic stage ex. Entamoeba gingivalis ad Entamoeba gingivalis ad dieentamoeba fragilisdieentamoeba fragilis
Commensals except entamoeba Commensals except entamoeba histolyticahistolytica
Amoebiasis- entamoeba histolyticaAmoebiasis- entamoeba histolytica
EntamoebaEntamoeba– HistolyticaHistolytica– ColiColi– HartmaniiHartmanii– gingivalisgingivalis
EndolimaxEndolimax IodamoebaIodamoeba Dientamoeba Dientamoeba
Entamoeba Entamoeba histolyticahistolytica
TrophozoiteTrophozoite
Elongated Elongated Changes shape when staionaryChanges shape when staionary Clean looking cytoplasm with RBCClean looking cytoplasm with RBC Small centrally located Small centrally located
karyosomekaryosome
cystcyst
RoundRound With sausage shaped/cigar With sausage shaped/cigar
shaped chromatoidal barshaped chromatoidal bar 1-2 nuclei1-2 nuclei Small karyosomeSmall karyosome
Life cycleLife cycle
Large intestineLarge intestine FecesFeces Ingestion of mature cystIngestion of mature cyst Cyst in the G.I. tractCyst in the G.I. tract Encyst in the S.I. trophozoite reach Encyst in the S.I. trophozoite reach
the colonthe colon Invades intestinal wall encystation in Invades intestinal wall encystation in
the large intestinethe large intestine
Disease associatedDisease associated
Asymptomatic amoebiasisAsymptomatic amoebiasis– CarrierCarrier
Acute symptomatic amoebiasisAcute symptomatic amoebiasis– Amoebic diarrheaAmoebic diarrhea
Soft stool and extensive ulcerSoft stool and extensive ulcer
– Acute amoebic dysenteryAcute amoebic dysentery Stool with blood and mucusStool with blood and mucus tenesmustenesmus
Chronic amoebic dysenteryChronic amoebic dysentery Tumor like mass called amoebomasTumor like mass called amoebomas
Extraintestinal Extraintestinal
HepaticHepatic PulmonaryPulmonary CerebralCerebral Amoebic pericarditisAmoebic pericarditis Cutaneous amoebiasisCutaneous amoebiasis Genital amoebiasisGenital amoebiasis
Diagnosis and Diagnosis and treatmenttreatment DFSDFS
– Quensel’s solutionQuensel’s solution– Lugol’s solutionLugol’s solution
CutureCuture– Locke’s egg serumLocke’s egg serum– NA salineNA saline
SerumSerum– ELISAELISA
Rectal biopsyRectal biopsy Extra intestinalExtra intestinal
– Liver aspirate/scanLiver aspirate/scan– Serological testSerological test
TreatmentTreatment– MetronidazoleMetronidazole– TinidazoleTinidazole– Diloxanide furoateDiloxanide furoate
Cyst Cyst
Trophozoite Trophozoite
Non pathologic Non pathologic amoebaamoeba Entamoeba coliEntamoeba coli
– TrophozoiteTrophozoite Sluggish movementSluggish movement Dirty looking cytoplsmaDirty looking cytoplsma Large eccentric karyosomeLarge eccentric karyosome
– CystCyst 1-8 nuclei1-8 nuclei Broomstick chromatoidal barrBroomstick chromatoidal barr
cystcyst
Endolimax nana- smallestEndolimax nana- smallest– TrophozoiteTrophozoite
Central or eccentric karyosomeCentral or eccentric karyosome Plenty of pseudopodiaPlenty of pseudopodia sluggishsluggish
– CystCyst Oval with 1-4 nucleiOval with 1-4 nuclei Large karyosomeLarge karyosome Cross eyed cystCross eyed cyst
Trophozoite Trophozoite
Cyst Cyst
Iodamoeba butschiiIodamoeba butschii– TrophozoiteTrophozoite
Leaf likeLeaf like Round pseudopodiaRound pseudopodia Slow movingSlow moving Cytoplasm with glycogen vacouleCytoplasm with glycogen vacoule
– CystCyst With single nucleusWith single nucleus With glycogen vacouleWith glycogen vacoule
Trophozoite Trophozoite
Cyst Cyst
Dientamoeba fragilisDientamoeba fragilis– TrophozoiteTrophozoite
Small rounded with nucleiSmall rounded with nuclei Blunt leaf like pseudopodiaBlunt leaf like pseudopodia Sluggish movementSluggish movement
Entamoeba gingivalisEntamoeba gingivalis– TrophozoiteTrophozoite
Oral parasiteOral parasite Fast and vigorous movementFast and vigorous movement Multiple pseudopodiaMultiple pseudopodia
Free-living Free-living pathogenic amoebapathogenic amoeba
Naegreria Naegreria
Naegleria fowleriNaegleria fowleri Amoeboid/flagellatedAmoeboid/flagellated Portal of entry is the nasal passage Portal of entry is the nasal passage
going to the meninges and braingoing to the meninges and brain Agent of PAM- primary amoebic Agent of PAM- primary amoebic
meningoencephalitis meningoencephalitis FeverFever HeadacheHeadache
Vomiting Vomiting DeathDeath Amphotericin B for PAMAmphotericin B for PAM
Acanthamoeba Acanthamoeba
Active trophozoite stageActive trophozoite stage– Broad pseudopodiaBroad pseudopodia– sluggishsluggish
Dormant cystic stageDormant cystic stage– UninucleatedUninucleated– Double wallDouble wall
Not well defined life cycleNot well defined life cycle
Infects the CNSInfects the CNS GAE- granulomatous amoebic GAE- granulomatous amoebic
encephalitisencephalitis– SeizureSeizure– Stiff neckStiff neck– NauseaNausea– vomittingvomitting
Acanthamoeba keratitisAcanthamoeba keratitis– Corneal ulcerationCorneal ulceration– blindnessblindness
5- flourocytosine5- flourocytosine KetoconazoleKetoconazole ItraconazoleItraconazole Amphotericin BAmphotericin B