Download - Protestant Reformation
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The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church in Europe
Reformers wanted restore the people’s faith in the church
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1. The Renaissance
Humanism led people to question the church.
They placed increasing faith in human reason (thinking).
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2. Strong Monarchs
Increased their power by supporting reformers
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3. Other Events
The Black Death caused doubt
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church
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4. Corruption in the Catholic Church
Ordinary people felt church leaders were fighting for power and wealth rather than representing God.
Increasing fees for sacraments
Selling indulgences
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Indulgence- Pardon for committing a sin in exchange for money (bribe)
"As soon as a coin in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs."
This couplet is attributed to Johann Tetzel, a German preacher remembered for selling indulgences. In 1517, Tetzel was trying to raise money for the reconstruction of St. Peter's Basilica and it is believed that Martin Luther was inspired to write his Ninety-Five Theses, in part, due to Tetzel's actions during this period of time.
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Protestant Reformer and German monk (1483-1546)
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Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk
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He posted 95 theses (arguments) on the door of the Church in Wittenberg, Germany
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A list of 95 complaints against the Catholic Church
Luther believed:1.The sale of indulgences
was wrong
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2. Salvation was through FAITH alone.
3. Good deeds were NOT necessary for salvation.
4. Priests do NOT have special powers
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“The righteous shall live by faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.
5. The Bible was the ONLY source of religious truth
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He sparked the
Protestant Reformation- when Europeans (Protestants) broke away from the Catholic Church and formed NEW Christian churches
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At the Diet of Worms in 1520, Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs.Luther burned the order and was excommunicated.Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further
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He was the Pope during the height of the corruption
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“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.”
-LutherDON’T WRITE
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Follower of Luther who then added his own ideas
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Calvin believed in:
At birth God decides who achieves salvation (if you will go to heaven or hell)
A person’s destiny was predetermined
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Two types of people:
saints and sinners
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..
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Started in Switzerland – Calvinists
England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church
This should be one your homework! If not, write it in!
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“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with
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PuritanHugeunots
Presbyterian
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1. Religious unity ends in Europe
- New Protestant Churches emerge
2. A century of wars
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3. Catholic Counter Reformation- The church’s reaction: strengthen
Catholicism to stop people from converting to Protestantism
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4. Anti-Semitism increases; many Jews were forced into Eastern Europe
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Education & Literacy increase
- Protestants believed EVERYONE must be able to read the Bible.
- The Printing Press made this possible.
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Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church
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•The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
•This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.
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In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions