Download - Prostate cancer
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PROSTATE CANCER
Oscar Chiemeka Ezema
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FACTS
The most common type of cancer in men after lung
cancer
Can grow slowly and not be detected for years
Most men with advanced stages respond to
treatment well
Studies have shown that men who masturbate have
a lower risk of getting prostate cancer
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PROSTATE
Located behind the base of the penis
Surrounds the urethra and its main function is
seminal fluid production (hence the glands)
Seminal fluid aids in transportation, protection and
nutrition of sperm
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MICROSCOPY
normal cancer
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RISK FACTORS
Age
Race
Family history
Diet
Hormones
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TESTS FOR EARLY DETECTION
ELISA test for PSA test (prostrate specific antigen)
DRE (digital rectal examination)
TRUS (trans rectal ultrasound)
Biopsy
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DRE
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TRUS
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SYMPTOMS
Frequent urination
Pain or burning sensation during urination
Frequent urge to urinate at night
Pain in the back, weight loss, fatigue (due to
metastasis of the cancer)
Most people don’t get checked as they think it
could be a venereal disease
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TREATMENT
Depends on stage
More than one method can be used simultaneously
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METHODS OF TREATMENT
Surgery – removal of cancer cells and surrounding lymph nodes (to
avoid metastasis, may cause urinary incontinence and sexual side effects; )
Radiation therapy – use of high energy x-ray’s to destroy cancer cells.
Can be done by ether – external beam (outside the body), IMRT (intensity
modulated radiation therapy – small beams aimed at the cancer from
different angles) or Brachytherapy (insertion or radioactive pellets into the
prostate)
Hormone therapy - reduction of testosterone to reduce cancer growth
Chemotherapy – last resort and non specific. Use of Paclitaxek,
Estracyte and Cyclophosphamide
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SIDE EFFECTS OF TREATMENT
Fatigue
Redness, dryness of prostate
Rash around prostrate
Sexual side effects (inability to “perform”)
Pain
Urination problems
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