Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTSProf. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, DHBW Lörrach, Bio-Systems Informatics / Software-Engineeringe
TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: lo
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THE “PROJECT MANAGEMENT LABORATORY” OF BA LOERRACHw
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Prof Dr Eckhart HanserProf. Dr. Eckhart HanserDuale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg LörrachBaden-Württemberg Cooperative State UniversityHead Department Applied Informatics/Bio-Systems Inform.Head Department Applied Informatics/Bio Systems Inform.
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 1
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Biosystem-Informatik• Stein des Anstoßes:
– Eigene Projekte in der PraxisFö d d T bild t– Förderung des Teambildungsprozess unter Studierenden an der DHBW Lörrach / Bereich T h ikTechnik:
• Informationstechnik (IT)• Biosystem-Informatik
• Ziel: Vorstellung des
Meta Agile Process Model (MAP)Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 2
Meta Agile Process Model (MAP)
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Th P j t ithThere are Projects with …
project aim #3changing specifications project aim #3
Refactoring necessary
Documentation has a short lifetime!
project aim #2project aim #2Aim changes! #3
P j t t t
Iteration 1 Iter. 2Iter. 3
Original project aimAim changes! #2
Project start
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 3
Original project aimAim changes! #2
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
Agile Manifesto
Kent Beck, Alistair Cockburn, Martin Fowler, Jim Highsmith, Robert C. Martin et.al., 2001
http://www.agilemanifesto.org
Four principles:Individuals and interactions over processes and tools• Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
• Working software over comprehensive documentation
• Customer collaboration over contract negotiationg
• Responding to change over following a plan
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 4
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
Famous agile representative: Kent Beck’s
eXtreme Programming (XP), g g ( )
Important XP rules to be analyzed:
• Designing User Stories
• Collective Code Ownership and Software Integration• Collective Code Ownership and Software Integration
• Pair Programming
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 5
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
IT laboratory / DHBW Lörrach
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
• 6th semester of Applied Computer Science / Information Technology
• each spring: 11 sessions with 5 (4) hours• each spring: 11 sessions with 5 (4) hours
=> Up to 800 project hours each spring.
• The size of each course determines the number of the team members
=> Up to 20 team members (students + prof.)
• 2004 – 2008: about 3.500 project hours.
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 6
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
Project: Development of an eMail marketing software
Test content for the interPM
Hi $Title$ $Name$,
I‘ l d b h i Dü ld fI‘m glad to be here in Düsseldorf.
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 7
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
IT laboratory of session 2005
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
yBA Loerrach
Prerequisites: The lecturer fills the positions of project and qualitymanager with suitable “managers” (i.e. students).
In the beginning the rest of the team has no structure,should however form XP pairs.
Members know about process models, especially XP.p , p y
The customer (i.e. the lecturer) is a team member.
Developmentplatform:
MS Visual Studio .NETplatform:
Team aims: Common programming of a “fully featured” emailketi temarketing system.
XP is required (= decision of the lecturer).
Success? Successful product, successful process (in the end).
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 8
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Key questions, I want to investigate:
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Questions – Psychology - Conclusions
Key questions, I want to investigate:
1. Roles of Project and Quality Manager in agile projects?
2. Which (XP) practices are not the result of the „self-organization“ of the team?
3 I th id l i i t i ( th th 2) f f l3. Is there an ideal mini team size (other than 2) for successful teams?
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 9
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Q1 Th j t i il j t
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Questions – Psychology - Conclusions
Q1: The project manager in an agile project (i.e. session 2005)
… characterizes his project role as
• coordinator of the project
• problem solver
• communicator
NET t• .NET expert
• co-designer of user stories (together with the client)
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 10
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Q1 Th lit i il j t
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
Q1: The quality manager in an agile project (i.e. session 2005)
… characterizes his project role as
• product and project quality ( i t ti )assurance (reviews, testing)
• problem solver
• communicatorcommunicator
• .NET expert
• co-designer of user stories (t th ith th li t)(together with the client)
Agrees with the view of the project manager! No classical project roles in this agile project. °
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 11
p j g p j
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Key questions, I want to investigate:
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Questions – Psychology - Conclusions
Key questions, I want to investigate:
1. Roles of Project and Quality Manager in agile projects?
2. Which (XP) practices are not the result of the „self-organization“ of the team?
3 I th id l i i t i ( th th 2) f3. Is there an ideal mini team size (other than 2) for successful teams?
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 12
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Q2 D i f t i
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Questions – Psychology - Conclusions
Q2: Design of user stories
• In every session only project manager, quality manager and few team members where interested in creating user stories.
• Only when the mini teams had chosen their story cards they began actively• Only when the mini teams had chosen their story cards, they began actively to make a detailed low level design.
• We saw no readiness in the team for collective design or code ownership.
N ll ti d hiNo collective code ownership
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 13
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Q2: Integration XP says: „Only a pair integrates code at a time.“
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Questions – Psychology - Conclusions
Q g y „ y p g
But our experience in all sessions:
• Integration is not a result of the „self-organization“ of the team (> 3 programmers).
• 2004 – 2008 integration only took place after heavy interventions of the customer.
• The lecturer had to take over the role of a communicator not of a typical customer!• The lecturer had to take over the role of a communicator – not of a typical customer!
not to solve the problem, but to communicate its existence.
• Integration had to be „centralized“. g
Not only one machine but also one team member (with full responsibility)
• New role: Integration Engineer• This has to be controlled strictly by the project management.
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 14
=> We need a project management!
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
A new team role: Integration EngineerIntroduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
g g
sits a little “aside“sits a little aside …“Lone Wolf”
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 15
session 2005
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Key questions, I want to investigate:
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Questions – Psychology - Conclusions
Key questions, I want to investigate:
1. Roles of Project and Quality Manager in agile projects?
2. Which (XP) practices are not the result of the „self-organization“ of the team?
3 P ti l i h th t t ith b t 5 b3. Practical experience shows that teams with more as about 5 members subdivide into „mini teams“:
1. In XP such a mini team is called a „pair“ (2 members). ( )Are these pairs successful?
2. Is there an ideal mini team size (other than 2)?
3. Do we see a self-organization process of successful mini teams?
4. What is the member structure?
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 16
4. What is the member structure?
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Q3 Mi i t i
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
Q3: Mini team size
i 2004 i 2005 2008session 2004 session 2005 - 2008
Mini teams with 3 members as“starting point”.
XP pairs as initial mini teams.
Result: XP pairs do not occur.
Minimal mini team size remains 3.
The most successful mini team has 4members.
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 17
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Project
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
Q3 Mi i t i
We see
Project start
Q3: Mini team size
We see
3 pairs…
A triplet First pair grows into a triplet!
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 18
session 2005
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
2 k2 weeks later
But also one
Super teamteam
with6 members
fori t ti
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 19
integrationsession 2005
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
4 k
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
4 weeks later
O l 1Only 1 "classical“
XP pair
XP pairs decrease!decrease!
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 20
session 2005
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Mini Team Size
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
session 2004 session 2005 Session 2008
Mini teams with 3 XP pairs as initial mini XP pairs as initial mini
Mini Team Size
Mini teams with 3members as “startingpoint”.
XP pairs as initial miniteams.
XP pairs as initial miniteams.
Result: XP pairs do not Result: Number of XP Result: 3 XP pairsResult: XP pairs do notoccur.
Result: Number of XPpairs seems to decrease.
Result: 3 XP pairs“survive”.
Minimal mini team sizeremains 3.
Most mini teams grow insize (3, 4 or more).
50% of the team are XPpairs!remains 3. size (3, 4 or more). pairs!
The most successful miniteam has 4 members.
In special phases, e.g.integration, we see ateam size of 6 members.
Integration: several pairsform a larger integrationteam.team size of 6 members. team.
Mini team size “oscillates”
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 21
depending on the phase/activity.
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Inter XP pair relations (2008)
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
Inter XP pair relations (2008)
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 22
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
“Super team” explained:
• 5 members
• Integrates the code in a critical Integration Engineer
phase.
• The members take responsibility for the integrationfor the integration.
• The project would fail, if they did not succeed.not succeed.
session 2005
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 23
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
Organizational psychology:Organizational psychology:
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 24
discussed with Rainer Baldegger, „Erfolgreich im Team“
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
A successfull Mini Team needs particularly
• Creative Mind
• Technical Expert
• Technical Problem Solver
• Quality TesterTechnical Expert
• Team Worker
• Communicator
Quality Tester
• Communicator
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 25
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
Details of the “super team“
Problem solver / integrator
“Lone wolf“ Integration Engineer
Team worker
Expert, creative
mind
Lone wolfProject Manager
“external“ Communicator
(P j t
Team worker
mind (Project manager)
Expert, creative
mind“internal“
communicator, creative mindcreative mind
Quality ManagerQuality tester
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 26
session 2005
Quality Manager
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
IT-Labor 2007 – Prozess Crystal ClearIntroduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology – Actual results
IT Labor 2007 Prozess Crystal ClearBewertung des Prozess durch das Team / Umfrageergebnis:
Schulnoten!
Wissenschaftliche Begleitung:aus Studienarbeit
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 27
Niko Hättich 2007
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Crystal Clear 2007
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology – Actual results
Crystal Clear 2007
(1) Note nur für interne Osmotische Kommunikation nachvollziehbarnachvollziehbar
(2) Reflektion nicht festgestellt.
(3) Lieferungen unregelmäßig(3) Lieferungen unregelmäßig.
2007: Team fährt“ seinen eigenen agilen Prozess!
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 28
2007: Team „fährt seinen eigenen agilen Prozess!
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
„Meta Agile Process Model“ (MAP Methodology)
Introduction - Agile Manifesto - eXtreme Programming – IT laboratory – Mini team size – Psychology - Conclusions
„Meta Agile Process Model (MAP Methodology)A successful project in a small to medium-sized team needs the following “ingredients“:
C t• Customer• available to the team
O t C i ti d d fl ibl• One or two Communication managers, good and flexible• for project and quality management
• Integration engineer• continuous software integration
• Well-balanced project team with a good psychological process • 6 characters / types of project members (organizational psychology)
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 29
Mini-Team-Size is „oscillating“!
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
MAP Referenzprojekt aus der Chemie-Industrie:Sep 2008:Sep. 2008:
• Erfolgreiche Diplomarbeit g pals „Feldversuch“ zur agilen Methodology MAPgy
• Laborergebnisse werden im Wesentlichen bestätigt!Wesentlichen bestätigt!
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 30
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Rollen:Rollen:• Kunde 1 PersonRotes Telefon“• Kunde 1 Person
• Projektleiter 1
„Rotes Telefon
• Qualitätsmanager 1
• Entwickler 5 (im Schnitt 3)
• Integrierer 1 (hier = PL)• Integrierer 1 (hier = PL)
• Tester 1
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 31
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Probleme mit Pair ProgrammingProbleme mit Pair Programming bestätigt:• Voraussetzung: Sozialkompetenz
• Problem: Effizienz
• PP im Team als nicht notwendig erachtet!PP im Team als nicht notwendig erachtet!
• Truck-Faktor durch Kommunikation reduziert.
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 32
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser: TEAM BUILDING IN AGILE PROJECTS
Allg. Projekt mit IT-Fokus (Okt. 2008):LKW Abfertigung in einer ÖlraffinerieLKW-Abfertigung in einer Ölraffinerie• Highlight: Impl. eines Zugangskontrollsystems• Der Kunde kommt aus dem operativen Betreiber-Bereich
mit starken DV-KenntnissenP j ktl it k t d P j kt bt il fü N b• Projektleiter kommt aus der Projektabteilung für Neubau-Projekte (eigene Anlagenbauprojekte bis 15 M€ pro Proj.)
• hohe Schnittstellen zu vom Projekt Betroffenen Beteiligten• hohe Schnittstellen zu vom Projekt Betroffenen, Beteiligten und Interessierten; vor allem zu den Gewerken Tiefbau, Elektrik und Mess- und RegeltechnikElektrik und Mess und Regeltechnik
• MAP wird bestätigt!– siehe auch GPM-Newsletter
Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hanser, Duale Hochschule BW Lörrach, BW Cooperative State University, Department of Applied Informatics /Bio-Systems Informatics Folie 33
siehe auch GPM Newsletter