Production Of Di-Ethyl Ether By Vapor Phase Dehydration Of Ethanol
Project Supervisor : Miss Sidra JabeenCo-Adviser : Muhammad Usman
The Team
•2010-Ch-08 Ruqia Mustafa•2010-Ch-32 Kamran Mohy-ud-Din(Group Leader)•2010-Ch-36 Ismail Zaidi•2010-Ch-76 Abbas Raza•2010-Ch-108 Irtiza Ali Butt•2010-Ch-120 Arslan Khan
Contents• Introduction to DEE• Uses Of DEE• Production Of DEE• Methods to Prepare DEE• Selection Of Process• Capacity Selection• Process Description• Material Balance• Energy Balance
Introduction to DEE
• Diethyl ether is an organic compound in the ether class with the formula C2H5—O—C2H5
Properties• It is a colorless• Highly volatile flammable liquid• It is commonly used as a solvent • Used as a general anesthetic. It has narcotic properties • It has a burning sweet taste• Its boiling point is 34.6 C at 1 atm
Companies producing DEECompanies Country Production in Metric
Tons/Year
Henan Golden Yangtze River Industry Co. Ltd.
China 10,800
Anhui Jin’ao Chemical Co. Ltd
China 5,000
Royal Exim India 2,000
Chemical Point UG Germany 7,000
SOHEUNG Chem Co. Ltd. South Korea 7200
Methods To Prepare DEEDEE is prepared from the following processes
• Vapor-phase Dehydration Of Ethanol• Acid ether synthesis • Williamson ether synthesis
Selection Of Process
Process Yield(%) Per Pass Conversion
(%)
Catalyst Purity (%)
Vapor-phase dehydration of
Ethanol
95 80 Al2O3(Alumina)
99.5
Acid Ether Synthesis
75 70 H2SO4(sulphuric acid)
95
Williamson Ether Synthesis
55 75 Na (sodium metal)
90
Feed Drum
Reactor
Distillation Column-I
Distillation Column-II
Fresh Ethanol Feed
Ethylene Fuel Gas
Diethyl Ether Product
Waste Water
Ethanol Recycle Stream
3 Phase separator
Contd…
Chemical Reactions
Main Reaction (C2H5 )2O (g) 2C2H4 (g) + H2O (g)
Ethanol DEE waterSide Reaction
• (C2H5 )2O (g) C2H4 (g) + H2O (g)
DEE Ethene water
Overall Material Balance
ComponentMole fraction
Moles(kgmole)
Mass (kg)
Ethanol 0.7 16.401 754.44
Water 0.3 7.029 126.52
DEE 0 0
Ethene 0 0
Total flow 23.43 880.96
Component
Mole fraction
Moles (kgmole)
Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.019948175 0.003042 0.139927
Water 0.034715944 0.005294 0.095289
DEE 0.465943968 0.071052 5.25784
Ethene 0.479391913 0.073103 2.046872Total flow 0.15249 7.539928
componentmole fraction
Moles (kgmole)
Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.001405 0.01137 0.523043
Water 0 0 0
DEE 0.995 8.051067 595.7789
Ethene 0.003595 0.029087 0.81444
Total flow 8.091524 597.1164
ComponentMole fraction
Moles (kgmole)
Mass(kg)Ethanol 0.000667 0.010183 0.468426Water 0.999333 15.25515 274.5928DEE 0 0 0Ethene 0 0 0
Total flow 15.26534 275.0612
Cond…
Total Mass Balance:
stream 1 = stream 4 + stream 7 +stream 12
880.968 = 7.539928 + 597.1164 + 275.0612
880.968 kg = 880.968 kg
Material Balance across feed vessel
ComponentMole fraction
Moles(kgmole)
Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.7 16.401 754.446
Water 0.3 7.029 126.522
DEE 0 0
Ethene 0 0
Total flow 23.43 880.968
ComponentMole fraction
Moles(kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.709456 4.050131 186.306
Water 0.2763 1.577337 28.39206
DEE 0.0142 0.081065 5.99879
Ethene 0 0 0
Total flow 220.6969
ComponentMole fraction
Moles (kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.701859 20.45113 940.752
Water 0.295359 8.606337 154.9141
DEE 0.002782 0.081065 5.99879
Ethene 0 0 0
Total flow 29.13853 1101.665
Cond….Total Mass Balance:
stream 1 + stream 11 = stream 2880.968 + 220.6969 = 1101.665
1101.665 kg = 1101.665 kg
Material balance across Reactor
Component
Mole fraction
Moles (kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.701859 20.45113 940.752
Water 0.295359 8.606337 154.9141
DEE 0.002782 0.081065 5.99879
Ethene 0 0 0
Total flow 29.13853 1101.665
Component Mole fraction
Moles (kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.139880845 4.090226 188.1504
Water 0.575836636 16.83792 303.0825
DEE 0.280785497 8.210389 607.5688
Ethene 0.003497021 0.102256 2.863158
Total flow 29.24079 1101.665
Material Balance across 3 phase separator
ComponentMole fraction
Moles (kgmole) mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.1398808 4.090226 188.1504
Water 0.5758366 16.83792 303.0825
DEE 0.2807854 8.210389 607.5688
Ethene 0.0034970 0.102256 2.863158
Total flow 29.24079 1101.665
Component Mole fraction
Moles (kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.019948175 0.003042 0.139927
Water 0.034715944 0.005294 0.095289
DEE 0.465943968 0.071052 5.25784
Ethene 0.479391913 0.073103 2.046872Total flow 0.15249 7.539928
component Mole fraction
Moles(kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.183305572 3.383517 155.6418
Water 0.39589992 7.307656 131.5378
DEE 0.419230067 7.738292 572.6336
Ethene 0.001564442 0.028877 0.808556
Total flow 18.45834 860.6217
Component Mole fraction
Moles (kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.065984018 0.701126 32.2518
Water 0.896906995 9.530261 171.5447
DEE 0.037089211 0.394099 29.1633
Ethene 1.97761E-05 0.00021 0.005884
Total flow 10.6257 232.9657
Cond….
Total Mass Balance:
stream 3 = stream 4 + stream 5 +stream 61101.665 = 7.539928 + 860.6217 + 232.9657
1101.665 kg = 1101.665 kg
Material Balance across 1st distillation column
componentMole fraction
Moles (kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.183305572 3.383517 155.6418Water 0.39589992 7.307656 131.5378DEE 0.419230067 7.738292 572.6336
Ethene 0.001564442 0.028877 0.808556Total flow 18.45834 860.6217
component Mole fractionMoles(kgmole)
Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.06598401 0.701126 32.2518
Water 0.89690699 9.530261171.544
7
DEE 0.03708921 0.394099 29.1633
Ethene 1.97761E-05 0.000210.00588
4
Total flow 10.6257232.965
7
Component Mole fraction
Moles(kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.001405 0.01137 0.523043
Water 0 0 0
DEE 0.995 8.051067 595.7789
Ethene 0.003595 0.029087 0.81444
Total flow 8.091524 597.1164
ComponentMole fraction
Moles(kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.194035 4.073273 187.3705
Water 0.802092 16.83792 303.0825
DEE 0.003874 0.081324 6.017969
Ethene 0 0 0
Total flow 20.99251 496.471
Cond..
Total Mass Balance:
stream 5 + stream 6 = stream 7 + stream 8860.6217 + 232.9657 = 597.1164 + 496.471
1093.59 kg = 1093.59 kg
Material Balance across 2nd distillation column
ComponentMole fraction
Moles (kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.70944 4.063089 186.9021
Water 0.27636 1.582764 28.48976
DEE 0.0142 0.081324 6.017969
Ethene 0 0 0
Total flow 5.727177 221.4098
ComponentMole fraction
Moles(kgmole) Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.000667 0.010183 0.468426
Water 0.999333 15.25515 274.5928
DEE 0 0 0
Ethene 0 0 0
Total flow 15.26534 275.0612
ComponentMole fraction Moles
Mass(kg)
Ethanol 0.194035 4.073273 187.3705
Water 0.802092 16.83792 303.0825
DEE 0.003874 0.081324 6.017969
Ethene 0 0 0
Total flow 20.99251 496.471
Cond..
Total Mass Balance:
stream 8 = stream 11 + stream 12496.471 = 221.4098 + 275.0612
496.471 kg = 496.471 kg
Energy Balance across feed vessel
Stream 1 11 2
Temperature(C) 30 88 42
Pressure(kpa) 1500 1500 1450
Enthalpy of Ethanol (kJ/hr) 0
29125.34 28752.09Enthalpy of DEE (kJ/hr) 0
887.1152 178.0244Enthalpy of water (kJ/hr) 0
6830.213 7912.582Enthalpy of Ethene (kJ/hr) 0 0 0
Total Enthalpy (kJ/hr) 036842.67 36842.7
33
Cond…
Total Energy Balance:
stream 1 + stream 11 = stream 2
0 + 36842.67 = 36842.7
34
36842.67 kJ/hr = 36842.7 kJ/hr
Energy balance across Reactor
35
Stream 2 3
Temperature(C) 200 200
Pressure(kpa) 1450 1300
Total enthalpy1461893.8 1173604.369
Cond…Total Energy Balance:
1) Enthalpy of reaction = Hr = -190057 kJ2) Heat removed = Hrev = 474683 kJ
enthalpy of stream 2 + Hr - 474683 = enthalpy of stream 3
1461893.8 + 190057 - 474683 = 1173604.369
36
1173604.369 kJ/hr = 1173604.369 kJ/hr
Energy balance across throttle valve
37
Stream 3 3(a)
Temperature(C) 40 39.96
Pressure(kpa) 1250 200
Enthalpy of Ethanol (kJ/hr)4722.77
4718.61388
Enthalpy of DEE (kJ/hr) 14684.1 14652.8435
Enthalpy of water (kJ/hr) 12713.5 12759.68549
Enthalpy of Ethene (kJ/hr) 46.2371 46.4042
Total Enthalpy (kJ/hr) 32166.6 32166
Energy balance across 3 phase seperator
39
Stream 3(a) 4 5 6
Temperature(C) 39.96 40 40 40
Pressure(kpa) 200 200 200 200
Enthalpy of Ethanol (kJ/hr) 4718.6142.31388 3906.76 809.54
Enthalpy of DEE (kJ/hr) 1465.284 0.68435 13930.7 709.88
Enthalpy of water (kJ/hr) 12759.69 1.78549 5537.66 7220.3
Enthalpy of Ethene (kJ/hr) 46.4042 33.1965 13.1112 0.0965
Total Enthalpy (kJ/hr) 32166 37.9802 23388.2 8739.8
Cond…
Total Energy Balance:
stream 3(a) = stream 4 + stream 5 + stream 6
32166 = 37.9802 + 23388.2 + 8739.8
40
32166 kJ/hr = 32166 kJ/hr
Energy balance across 1st distillation column
41
Stream 5&6 7 8
Temperature(C) 40 45 97
Pressure(kpa) 200 165 195
Enthalpy of Ethanol (kJ/hr)4698.52 18.3698 35092.2
Enthalpy of DEE (kJ/hr) 14608.7 20139.3 1067.15Enthalpy of water (kJ/hr) 12711.9 0 85474.2
Enthalpy of Ethene (kJ/hr) 13.1616 18.5376 0
Total Enthalpy (kJ/hr) 32032.3 20356.2 121634
Cond…
Total Energy Balance:
stream 5&6 + Qr = Qc + stream 7 + stream 8
32032.3 + 463605 = 353648 + 20356.2 + 121634
42
495637.3 kJ/hr = 495637.3 kJ/hr
Energy balance across 2nd distillation column
43
Stream 8 11 12
Temperature(C) 97 88 116
Pressure(kpa) 195 170 175
Enthalpy of Ethanol (kJ/hr)35092.2 29700.9 116.517
Enthalpy of DEE (kJ/hr) 1067.15 904.129 0
Enthalpy of water (kJ/hr) 85466.8 1214.14 99483.8
Enthalpy of Ethene (kJ/hr) 0 0 0
Total Enthalpy (kJ/hr) 121626 31819.1 99600.3
Total Energy Balance:
stream 8 + Qr = Qc + stream 11 + stream 12
121626 + 159064 = 149271 + 31819.1 + 99600.3
44
280690 kJ/hr = 280690 kJ/hr