St. Paul Police Department
Decision Point Analysis Presented
by
Chief Tom Smith
Welcome
October 19, 2011
Saint Paul Police Mission
To promote safe and healthy neighborhoods through strong, professional partnerships with
those we serve in our diverse community.
PROCESS TREE: Decision Point Analysis & DMC
Review Policies Practices Procedures
Decision Points Examine through DMC lens
Assess Findings
Is DMC an issue? Where and Why?
Collect Baseline Data
REGGO Examine for overrepresentation Race
Ethnicity
Gender
Geography
Offense
Questions Explored Does evidence exist which supports Disparate Treatment or is
differential offending rates the cause of DMC?
Is it a combination ?
DMC
“Only after adequately accounting for whether, where, and why overrepresentation exists – exhausting all possible contributing factors - can one begin to pursue the strategies or make the modifications that will correctly target the affected decision point.”
Source: Juvenile Justice Evaluation Center Guidebook Series: Seven Steps to Develop and Evaluate Strategies to Reduce
Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC)
5 Common Explanations Why Overrepresentation May Exist
1. Differential Offending
2. Differential opportunities for Prevention and Treatment
3. Differential Handling of Minority Youth
4. Indirect Effects and Legislative Changes
5. Administrative Policies and Legal Factors.
Source: Juvenile Justice Evaluation Center Guidebook Series: Seven Steps to Develop and Evaluate Strategies to Reduce Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC)
St. Paul Police Decision Points
SPPD Juvenile Arrests (Part 1 Crimes)
991 969 691 847 767 775
2005 vs.2010 Property = 17.5% down Persons = 45.7% down Total Part 1 = 21.8% down
2005 - 2010 Juvenile Arrests Juvenile Arrestees 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 '05 - '10
Homicide 1 0 2 1 2 0 -100.0%
Rape 7 4 1 1 8 4 -42.9%
Robbery 99 82 109 131 86 81 -18.2%
Aggravated Assault 143 116 116 128 104 78 -45.5%
Burglary 102 156 94 76 66 117 14.7%
Theft 432 409 234 418 435 438 1.4%
Auto Theft 165 126 81 64 42 39 -76.4%
Arson 42 76 54 28 24 18 -57.1%
Crimes Vs. Persons 151 120 119 130 114 82 -45.7%
Crimes Vs. Property 840 849 572 717 653 693 -17.5%
Total Part 1 Crime 991 969 691 847 767 775 -21.8%
Top 5 part 1
Crimes
Source: BCA
ALL categories down except
Burglary & Theft
2010 Part 1 Crimes by Race: SPPD
89%
11%
60%
19%11%
2%8%
Property Person Black White Asian Native American
Other
(n= 775)
465
147 85 62
(16)
St. Paul Police Grids
2010 Total calls for service by grid
5 areas
generated most calls/ Downtown
over 4,516
2010 Juvenile Crime in St. Paul by grid
Indicates high school, apartment
complex, or commercial district
Initial Calls (911) = 727 Non-Emergency = 1844 Traffic Stops = 382 Tele serve = 6
Indicates Part 1 Crime
Juvenile Arrests
2010 Juvenile Arrests by grid 4 areas with
most arrests
2 areas = 84-101 arrests
Top 10 Offenses (all)
Black youth comprised over 70%
of DOC & Theft offenses
(n =2365)
(n =3,203 for juvenile arrests) M=2373 / F=830
Initial Juvenile Arrest’s Observations/Concerns
Arrests for Disorderly Conduct account for 10.92% of all arrests but 74% of the arrest involved Black Youth.
Thefts accounted for 13.67% of all Juvenile Arrests but 72% of arrests were Black Youth
In 2010 there were 1,467 Reported runaways of which 901 or 61.% were Black Youth.
SPPD Cases Referred to JDC
Did not specify = 1%
Youth RAI’d
Top 10 Offenses Referred to JDC by SPPD
Top 10 offenses represent
51% of ALL cases brought to JDC
in 2010
(n =335)
SPPD Statistics by Key Decision Points
3203
1653
977
658 572
All Juvenile Arrests Referrals to RCAO Pre - Court Formal Diversions
Referrals to JDC Other Referrals
2010Part 1 Crimes
775
52%
31%
21%
18%
Percentage of cases to Juvenile Arrests
Male = 2373 Female = 830
SPPD Criteria for Formal Pre-Court Diversion
Seriousness of Current Offense Is offense a crime of violence or property crime ?
Criminal History
Offenders Amenability to Diversion
Parental Cooperation
First offense referral to Parent
Second offense referral to YSB or ACE (one time only)
Third, Subsequent Offense petitioned to court
SPPD Referrals to Ramsey County Attorney’s Office
CASES
County Attorney’s Office may: • Divert •Close •Petition to Court
Top 10 Formal Pre-Court Diversions by Offense (n =837)
SPPD Formal Pre-Court Diversions
Diversions Given in 2010
633: Parent / Guardian
258: Saint Paul Youth Service
67: All Children Excel (ACE)
19: One of following: Fire Play
Parole
Other Social Service Agency
SPPD Referrals (cases closed)
SPPD “OTHER” REFERRALS DEFINED Information or School Referrals Informational: case lacks enough details to make chargeable/ Information filed School : letter sent to school regarding youth involved in alcohol or tobacco violation.
29%
62%70%
56%
45%
22%
19%
15%
22%
19%
36%
11%7%
10%
24%
1%2% 2%
2% 2%12% 8% 6%
11% 10%
Population Part 1 Crimes SPPD Referrals RCAO
SPPD Pre-Court Formal Diversion
SPPD Other Referrals
Other/Latino
Native Amer
Asian
White
Black
Youth at Key Decision Points by Race (2010)
Ages 13 -17
2010 Juvenile Crime Trends (Regarding: Referrals to RCAO)
Repeat Offenders 2 or more offenses charged in 2010
Findings & Overview of Juvenile Pre – Court Diversions
Black youth accounted for 62% of juvenile part 1 arrests, 70% of RCAO referrals and 56% of formal pre-court diversions.
All other populations saw less (or the same) percentage of RCAO referrals from part 1 crimes and more formal pre-court diversions.
By the numbers black youth were referred to court more often and were less likely to receive diversion. Data show black youth associated with more violent crime and more repeat offenses, effecting court petitions and diversion.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Saint Paul Juvenile Demographics
Race of Students All Students % of Total Grade 7 - 12 % of total
White 9,191 24.33% 3,520 21.5%
Black 11,235 29.74% 4,754 29.04%
Hispanic 5,216 13.80% 2,025 12.37%
Asian 11,473 30.37% 5,837 35.66%
Native American 664 1.76% 234 1.43%
Total 37,780 100.0% 16,370 100.0%
Students of Color 28,588 75.67 0% 12,855 78. 50%
75.67% of all students at Saint Paul Public Schools are of color. 78.5% of students in grades 7 – 12 (age 13-17) are of color.
School Resource Officer Arrests
DOC 40% of all SRO arrests for
Black youth
SRO arrests = 19% of all
juvenile arrests in 2010
-------- Black youth
comprised 67%
n =602
DOC Arrests by High Schools
Disorderly Conduct(DOC) MOST subjective offense in statue AND may be a potential cause for DMC
DISORDERLY CONDUCT Subdivision 1.Crime. Whoever does any of the following in a public or private place, including on a
school bus, knowing, or having reasonable grounds to know that it will, or will tend to, alarm, anger or disturb others or provoke an assault or breach of the peace, is guilty of disorderly conduct, which is a misdemeanor:
(1) engages in brawling or fighting; or (2) disturbs an assembly or meeting, not unlawful in its character; or (3) engages in offensive, obscene, abusive, boisterous, or noisy conduct or in offensive,
obscene, or abusive language tending reasonably to arouse alarm, anger, or resentment in others.
A person does not violate this section if the person's disorderly conduct was
caused by an epileptic seizure.
Evidence Based Programming for DMC
1. Prevention and Early Intervention
2. Alternatives to Secure detention
3. Administrative Rule Modification
4. Cultural Competency Training
5. Development of Objective Decision making Tools for Select Decision Points.
Source: Juvenile Justice Evaluation Center Guidebook Series: Seven Steps to Develop and Evaluate Strategies to Reduce
Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC)
Interventions &
Partnerships
SPPD Prevention Mentoring Programs
Department Wide Mentoring Programs
PAL “ At Risk Youth” 2,194 served
AIMCOP (African Immigrant Muslim Coordinated Outreach Program) 100 “At Risk” Youth served
Junior Police Academy
Shop With Cops Program
Police Leadership Academy
Police Ride-a-Long
Cops and Kids Program
School Resource Officer Program
SPPD Mentoring in YAP
SPPD Mentoring Programs
Individualized Officer Involved Mentoring Programs Humboldt High School Program
Save Our Sons
YWCA Youth Academy
After School Enrichment Program
Salvation Army East Side Corp
Latino Police Officer Association Reading Program
St. Paul Connection Program
Athletic Coaching Programs, Wilderness Camp, Horse Camp….
Youth Achievers Program
Young Emerging Latina Mentoring Program
SPPD Partnership Programs
West Side Youth Workers Group
Youth In transition (YIT)
Save Our Sons (SOS)
Circle of Peace
Mentoring Young Adults (MYA)
God Squad
Neighborhood House- Gang Resistance Intervention Program (GRIP)
Boys and Girls Club – Cops for Kids
180 Degrees
Gang Resistance Education and Training Academy (GREAT)
Runaway Program• SPPD Juvenile unit meets with and surveys kids that
have runaway multiple times.• Approximately 183 kids helped in last two years.• Get to the source of the problem.• Refer to outside services, if necessary.• Assist with problems at home.• Program has increasingly assisted sexual assault victims
who are Hmong or Black females.
Identifying Low Hanging Fruit.
TARGET
Why do 74% of DOC arrests involve Black Youth?
Why are 65% of DOC arrests in the Schools?
How can we improve – “Successful Diversions”
TOOLS
Administrative Rule Modification
Training for Officers and School Executives
Addressing differential opportunities for Prevention and Treatment.
SPPD - Ongoing DMC Reduction Efforts
SPPD Continued Partnership in Ramsey County JDAI
Ongoing Development of RAI
On Going Decision Point Analysis
Internal Policy & Administrative Review
Legislative Review
Increased Awareness and Training for SPPD Officers on DMC
Department Requests Increased Alternatives for youth through JDAI partnerships with other
agencies - both formal and informal
Partnership with St. Paul Public Schools to reduce DOC arrests through mediation training for SRO’s, Teachers and Administrative Staff.
A better juvenile data base collection system.
St. Paul Police Department Continuing DMC Initiative
Engage Stakeholder
Group
Map Decision
Points
Gather / Analyze
Data: Quantitative
& Qualitative
Focus on Key
Decision Points where
Measurable Change Can
Occur
Fashion Remedies
Implement Change
Evaluate Progress
St. Paul Police Department Continuing DMC Initiative
For more information or
questions contact:
Commander Gene Polyak
(651) 266-5516