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Use of RFID for Automatic Use of RFID for Automatic Baggage Handling & Baggage Handling &
Reconciliation at HKIAReconciliation at HKIA
Y F WongTechnical Services and Procurement
Airport Authority Hong Kong
Hong Kong International AirportHong Kong International Airport
• 2 runways• 1 PTB• 75 airlines, 143 destinations• More than 700 flights per day
Airport ProfileAirport Profile
• 41M passengers (2005) over 110,000 per day
• 20M departure baggage (2005)
• 3.4M ton cargo (2005)
• 2 Runways; single largest terminal building
• 55,000 staff work for over 240 organisations
• AA staff - 950
HKIA RFID Project - HKIA RFID Project - BackgroundBackground
• In 2003, HKIA adopted to apply RFID technology to improve the Baggage Handling and Management System
• In mid 2004, RFID equipment installation commenced at baggage handling areas
• In Aug 2005, RFID mode operation in service
RFID ComponentsRFID ComponentsChips Inlay / Label Reader, Antenna
Type of RFID TagsType of RFID Tags
Type HF UHF UHF(2)
Frequency 13.56MHz860 –
960MHz2.45GHz
Read Range < 0.7m ~ 5 m ~1.5m
Read Speed Moderate Fast Fast
Size Moderate Small Small
User OctopusWal-Mart
HKIA-
Comparison of UHF RFID TagsComparison of UHF RFID Tags
Feature Class 0+ Class 1 Gen2
Read Write √ √
Reads > 500 tags / sec √ √
Dense-reader operation √
Kill security √ √
Access security √
Low cost √ √
Standardization Proprietary Proprietary √
RFID benefitsRFID benefitsCustomers• Reduce mishandling of bags
Airports• Lower baggage management cost• Enhanced security
Airlines• Lower loss baggage costs• Greater visibility of baggage
Hong Kong International Airport Hong Kong International Airport Business Case of RFIDBusiness Case of RFID
• Lower cost for ABRS (Phase 1 – Read Only RFID)
• Delay expansion of baggage system (Phase 2 – R/W RFID)
BHS CapacityBHS CapacityBHS CapacityBHS Capacity
Bag to Lateral60%60%
Early Bag 15%15%
No-read Bag 25%25%
Check-in
Transfer
Lateralsprimary sorters
primary sorters
Early bag
store
Early bag
store
Early bag
Baggage Handling System
No-read
secondary sorters
secondary sorters
Automatic Baggage Reconciliation System (ABRS)
• BHS – sort bags to lateral + x-ray screening
• ABRS – baggage management
– All screened bags delivered to the loading lateral
– Baggage loading locations recorded by RF readers automatically
– Baggage manifest produced using data captured within ABRS
Transfer(at Belt A)
PrimarySorter
No ReadMCS
SecondarySorter
Lateral
Baggage Flow with RFID Gen 2 TagBaggage Flow with RFID Gen 2 Tag
Barcode Reader
RF Reader
Stick RF Gen 2 Label
Check-in
Barcode Reader
RF Reader
CTFMCS
Track baggage loading into ULD
Barcode Reader
RF reader
Read LPN
Encode in Gen2 Label
RF Printer to print LPN in baggage tag with Gen2 inlay
X-rayRead Barcode or RF tag
For sorting bag
Lateral OperationLateral Operation
RFID Readers at Lateral
RFID readersRFID readers
ContainersContainers
RFID Reader at Lateral
Dual Mode Handheld TerminalDual Mode Handheld Terminal
RFID System ConfigurationRFID System Configuration
RF Readers and Antenna
– 200+ Readers : Symbol AR400
– 500+ Antennas
– 200+ Dual Mode Handheld Terminal : Symbol MC9600
– Operated with 4 watts power level (HK OFTA)
RFID read only tag
– Class 0 tag with 96 bits pre-encoded UID
– Adopts frequency band 920 ~ 925 MHz
RFID Performance DataRFID Performance Data
• RFID operation started at 1-Aug-05
• 20M Class 0 RFID label used per year
• 95% - 97% RFID read rate at Induction units
• 92% RFID read rate at Laterals
ChallengesChallengesChallengesChallenges
• Standardization of airline bag tag
• Ways to affix RFID label on bag
• Tag quality
• RF power tuning– Cross read– RF interference between RF readers
Challenge – RF Power TuningChallenge – RF Power Tuning• Different RF Coverage caused by type of ULD
• Absorbed RF reflection in Filled ULD
Challenges (Cont’)Challenges (Cont’)Challenges (Cont’)Challenges (Cont’)
• Old label from multi-trips (additional reader required)
• Bag content/design i.e. metal, water
• Learning curve of operator
• RF health issue
Phase 2 Implementation – Gen2 RFIDPhase 2 Implementation – Gen2 RFID
• Implement an “open standards” encoding solution using Gen-2 R/W RFID tag
• Adopt IATA RP1740c, ISO 18000-6C (Gen2) and ISO/IEC 15961 and 15962
• Improving the overall RF performance
• Increasing the overall baggage delivery throughput
Phase 2 – Stage 1 TransferPhase 2 – Stage 1 Transfer
• Use 2”x4” Gen2 RFID with label
• Barcode scanner scans LPN and passes to RFID reader to encode
• Manual Coding Station to re-encode LPN for exception case
• RFID readers reads both Class 0 & Gen 2 (memory bank 01 only) RFID tags
• Operation by Jun-06
Phase 2 – Stage 1
Phase 2 – Stage 2 Local Check-inPhase 2 – Stage 2 Local Check-in
• Use Gen2 RFID integrated baggage tag
• Standardize baggage tag as CUSS standard (21” in length)
• RF Printers encode the LPN & Date
• RFID readers are operating with all Gen 2 (with memory bank 01 only) RFID tags.
• Operation by Dec-06
Phase 2 – Stage 3 User DataPhase 2 – Stage 3 User Data
• Use Gen2 RFID integrated baggage tag
• Standardize airlines Pectab
• RF Printers encode the LPN, Date & User Data
• Integrated with X-Ray to encode security screening result
• RFID readers are operating with all Gen 2 (with memory bank 11 field) RFID tags.
• Operation by Mar-07
Future DirectionFuture Direction
• More added values services for passengers and airlines using RFID
• Cooperation with airport and airlines
• Bulk purchase of RFID tags
Thank YouThank You