Download - Preparation of Alkyl Carbonates
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8/9/2019 Preparation of Alkyl Carbonates
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U n i t e d S t a t e s P a t e n t 0
1
3 , 2 2 7 , 7 4 0
PREPARATION OF
ALKYL
CARBONATES
D o n a l d
M. F e n t o n , A n a h e i m ,
C a l i f . ,
a s s i g n o r t o U n i o n
0 1 1
Company o f C a l i f o r n i a ,
L o s A n g e l e s , C a l i f . , a
c o r
p o r a t i o n o f C a l i f o r n i a
No D r a w i n g . F i l e d F e b . 2 5 ,
1 9 6 3 ,
S e r . No. 2 6 0 , 8 4 4
1 3
C l a i m s .
C l . 260463
This i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s t o a
method
f o r t h e prepara
t i o n
o f d i a l k y l
c a r b o n a t e s
which
a r e U s e f u l f o r
a
v a r i e t y
o f p u r p o s e s
i n c l u d i n g s o l v e n t s , a n d p o l y a l k y l c a r b o n a t e s )
u s e f u l
a s
p l a s t i c i z e r s , o i l s , e t c .
I h a v e f o u n d t h a t s u c h d i a l k y l
c a r b o n a t e s
a n d
p o l y c a r
b o n a t e s c a n
be
r e a d i l y p r e p a r e d b y t h e r e a c t i o n o f
an a l
k a n o l o r p o l y o l and carbon
monoxide
i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f
a
s o l u t i o n o f
mercuric
s a l t s
i n
an o r g a n i c s o l v e n t . T h e
c r u d e
r e a c t i o n
p r o d u c t s c o m p r i s e
t h e a l k y l
c a r b o n a t e
o r
p o l y a l k y l c a r b o n a t e ) ,
m e r c u r y a n d
t h e
a c i d
c o r r e s p o n d
i n g t o t h e a n i o n , o f t h e m e r c u r i c s a l t
e m p l o y e d .
The d i
a l k y l c a r b o n a t e o r
p o l y a l k y l
c a r b o n a t e )
i s
r e a d i l y r e
c o v e r e d
from
t h e
c r u d e
r e a c t i o n p r o d u c t
and
t h e r e m a i n
i n g
m a t e r i a l s s u b j e c t e d
t o known
o x i d i z i n g c o n d i ti o n s
t o
o x i d i z e t h e
mercury t o t h e m e r c u r i c s a l t
f o r r e c y c l i n g
t o
t h e r e a c t o r .
The
r e a c t i o n
i s
o p e r a t e d a t r e l a t i v e l y
m i l d
c o n d i t i o n s ,
e . g . ,
t e m p e r a t u r e s
between
a b o u t 3 0
and
a b o u t 3 0 0 C .
and
p r e s s u r e s
from a t m o s p h e r i c t o a b o u t 500 atmos
p h e r e s .
While
t h e
p r e s e n c e o f
s l i g h t
amounts
o f
w a t e r
c a n
be
t o l e r a t e d ,
t h e
y i e l d s a r e d e c r e a s e d i n
i t s
p r e s e n c e
a n d , t h e r e f o r e ,
t h e r e a c t i o n
i s
p r e f e r a b l y
c o n d u c t e d u n d e r
a n h y d r o u s
c o n d i t i o n s .
The r e a c t a n t a l c o h o l c a n
b e
any d e s i r e d p r i m a r y
a l
c o h o l c o r r e s p o n d i n g
t o
t h e
p a r t i c u l a r a l k y l
c a r b o n a t e
t o
b e
s y n t h e s i z e d .
G e n e r a l l y , a l i c y c l i c
a n d
a l i p h a t i c p r i m a r y
monohydroxy a l c o h o l s h a v i n g from 1 t o a b o u t
25
c a r
bons c a n b e employed t o p r e p a r e t h e d i a l k y l c a r b o n a t e s ,
e . g . ,
m e t h a n o l , e t h a n o l , p r o p a n o l ,
b u t a n o l ,
i s o b u t a n o l ,
a m y l a l c o h o l , i s o a m y l a l c o h o l , h e x a n o l , i s o h e x a n o l , c y c l o
h e x a n o l ,
h e p t a n o l , i s o h e p t a n o l , c y c l o h e p t a n o l , 3 - m e t h y l
h e x a n o l - l ,
l a u r y l a l c o h o l , 3 , 4 - d i e t h y l h e p t a n o l - l , 4 - e t h y 1
c y c l o h e x a n o l , e t c . P r e f e r a b l y , low
m o l e c u l a r
w e i g h t a l
c o h o l s
having 1 t o
about
6 carbons a r e u s e d .
The
d i a l k y l
c a r b o n a t e p r e p a r e d c o r r e s p o n d s
t o
t h e
a l
k y l g r o u p o f
t h e p a r t i c u l a r a l c o h o l e m p l o y e d , t h u s t h e u s e
o f
methanol
r e s u l t s i n t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f d i m e t h y l c a r
b o n a t e , e t h a n o l
t o
d i e t h y l c a r b o n a t e , p r o p a n o l t o d i p r o p y l
c a r b o n a t e ,
b u t a n o l
t o d i b u t y l c a r b o n a t e ,
c y c l o h e x a n o l
t o
d i c y c l o h e x y l c a r b o n a t e ,
e t c .
Mixtures o f
two
or
more
a l c o h o l s
y i e l d
c o r r e s p o n d i n g
c a r b o n a t e s , e . g . , m e t h a n o l
and
e t h a n o l
when employed a s t h e r e a c t a n t s y i e l d
a mix
t u r e
o f d i m e t h y l c a r b o n a t e ,
d i e t h y l
c a r b o n a t e ,
a n d meth
y l e t h y l c a r b o n a t e , e t c .
The
p o l y a l k y l c a r b o n a t e ) p r o d u c t s
a r e p r e p a r e d b y s u b
j e c t i n g
a g l y c o l o r
a l i p h a t i c
p o l y o l
t o
t h e h e r e i n d e s c r i b e d
r e a c t i o n c o n d i t i o n s .
G l y c o l s
y i e l d g e n e r a l l y
l i n e a r
p o l y
mers whereas t h e v a r i o u s p o l y o l s y i e l d , o f
c o u r s e ,
c r o s s
l i n k e d p o l y m e r s
h a v i n g a d i v e r s i t y o f p r o p e r t i e s .
T o
i l l u s t r a t e , any
o f t h e
f o l l o w i n g g l y c o l s can
be
u s e d a s
r e a c t a n t s : e t h y l e n e
g l y c o l ,
t r i m e t h y l e n e
g l y c o l ,
1 , 2 - p r o
p y l e n e
g l y c o l ,
1 , 2 - b u t y l e n e
g l y c o l ,
1 , 3 - b u t y l e n e
g l y c o l ,
t e t r a m e t h y l e n e g l y c o l , p e n t a m e t h y l e n e g l y c o l , 1 , 2 - p e n t y l
e n e
g l y c o l ,
1 , 3 - p e n t y l e n e
g l y c o l ,
h e x a m e t h y l e n e
g l y c o l ,
1 , 2 - h e x y l e n e
g l y c o l ,
1 , 3 - h e x y l e n e
g l y c o l ,
1 , 4 - h e x y l e n e g l y
c o l , d i p r o p y l e n e g l y c o l , c a r b i t o l ,
g l y c e r o l
m e t h y l e t h e r ,
g l y c e r o l e t h y l
e t h e r ,
d i e t h y l e n e
g l y c o l ,
e t c .
The p o l y a l k y l e n e
o x i d e )
p o l y m e r s c a n a l s o b e em
ployed
a s a
c o n v e n i e n t
s o u r c e o f g l y c o l s .
P a r t i c u l a r l y
u s e f u l a r e p o l y o x y e t h y l e n e , p o l y o x y p r o p y l e n e , a s w e l l a s
b l o c k p o l y m e r s
o f
e t h y l e n e
o x i d e
a n d p r o p y l e n e o x i d e .
These d i o l s a r e c o m m e r c i a l l y a v a i l a b l e i n a v a r i e t y o f
f o r m s a n d d e g r e e s
o f
p o l y m e r i z a t i o n . Examples o f com
1 5
25
35
40
45
50
60
65
3 , 2 2 7 , 7 4 0
Patented
J a n . 4 ,
1966
6
2
m e r c i a l l y
a v a i l a b l e
d i o l s a r e t h e
v a r i o u s P l u r o n i c s
man u
f a c t u r e d b y W y a n d o t t e C h e m i c a l s .
Various
p o l y o l s
can
a l s o be us ed a l o n e o r
i n admix
t u r e
w i t h
any o f t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d a l k a n o l s
and g l y c o l s
t o i m p a r t c r o s s - l i n k i n g t o t h e p o l y m e r . E x a m p l e s o f s u i t
a b l e p o l y o l s
a r e t h e
v a r i o u s
t r i o l s
s u c h
a s : g l y c e r o l ,
p e n t a
g l y c e r o l , e r y t h r i t o l ,
p e n t a e r y t h r i t o l , a d o n i t o l , a r a b i t o l ,
h e x a n h e x o l ,
e t c .
A l k y l e n e o x i d e s , e . g . ,
p r o p y l e n e
a n d
e t h y l e n e o x i d e ,
can be condensed on any
o f t h e a f o r e
m e n t i o n e d
p o l y o l s t o p r o v i d e
h i g h m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t r e
a c t a n t s . Examples o f s u c h
a r e
t h e p o l y o x y e t h y l e n e g l y c
e r o l e t h e r , p o l y o x y p r o p y l e n e g l y c e r o l e t h e r ,
e t c .
An
o t h e r
s u i t a b l e
h i g h
m o l e c u l a r
w e i g h t
p o l y o l i s c o m m e r c i a l
l y a v a i l a b l e i n t h e
T e t r o n i c s e r i e s o f
Wyandotte
Chemi
c a l s .
T h e s e t e t r a o l s
c o m p r i s e b l o c k s o f p o l y m e r s o f
p r o p y l e n e
and
e t h y l e n e o x i d e s and a r e p r e p a r e d by
con
d e n s i n g
p r o p y l e n e o x i d e on
an
a l k y l e n e
d i a m i n e and
t h e r e a f t e r
c o n d e n s i n g
e t h y l e n e o x i d e
on
t h e
i n t e r m e d i a t e
p r o d u c t .
P r o d u c ts h a v i n g m o l ec u l a r
W e i g h t s f r o m a b o u t
1 0 0 0
t o 10,000 or
m o re are a v a i l a b l e i n
t h i s
s e r i e s .
P r e f e r a b l y , t h e
p o l y o l s
a r e
u s e d i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h
g l y c o l s
and/ r
monohydroxyl r e a c t a n t s t o
l i m i t t h e d e g r e e
o f c r o s s - l i n k i n g a n d
t h e r e b y p e r m i t
f a c i l e
r e c o v e r y o f t h e
p r o d u c t i n a c c o r d a n c e
w i t h
c o n v e n t i o n a l p r a c t i c e i n t h e
a l k y d p o l y m e r a r t .
The r e a c t i o n
medi um
can
be
any
o r g a n i c
s o l v e n t which
i s l i q u i d a t t h e r e a c t i o n c o n d i t i o n s
and which i s i n e r t
t o
t h e r e a c t a n t s , i . e . i n e r t
t o
c a r b o n a t e s , c a r b o n m o n o x i d e ,
mercury
s a l t s a n d / o r
a l c o h o l .
The
p a r t i c u l a r
a l c o h o l
employed a s a r e a c t a n t can be
used
i n
e x c e s s
and
thus
c o m p r i s e t h e
r e a c t i o n
s o l v e n t .
T h i s
i s
t h e p r e f e r r e d
em
b o d i m e n t s i n c e
i t s i m p l i ? e s
t h e p r o d u c t r e c o v e r y s t e p s . I f
d e s i r e d ,
h o w e v e r ,
o t h er o r g a n i c s o l v e n t s
c a n b e
e m p l o y e d
i n c l u d i n g
v a r i o u s
e t h e r s
s u c h a s : m e t h y l e t h y l e t h e r , d i
e t h y l
e t h e r , d i i s o p r o p y l e t h e r , d i c h l o r o e t h y l
e t h e r ,
e t h y l
e n e g l y c o l d i i s o a m y l e t h e r , e t h y l b e n z y l e t h e r , d i e t h y l e n e
g l y c o l d i e t h y l e t h e r , t r i e t h y l e n e
g l y c o l d i e t h y l
e t h e r , t e t r a
e t h y l e n e g l y c o l
d i r n e t h y l e t h e r ,
e t c .
V a r i o u s e s t e r s
can
a l s o be employed a s t h e
s o l v e n t ,
e . g . , m e t h y l
f o r m a t e ,
e t h y l
f o r m a t e ,
m e t h y l a c e t a t e , e t h y l
a c e t a t e , n - p r o p y l
f o r m a t e ,
i s o p r o p y l a c e t a t e , e t h y l p r o p i o
n a t e , n - b u t y l f o r - m a t e , s e c - b u t y l a c e t a t e , i s o b - u t y l a c e t a t e ,
e t h y l
n - b u t y l a t e ,
n - b u t y l a c e t a t e ,
i s o a m y l a c e t a t e , n - a m y l
a c e t a t e , g l y c o l d i f o r m a t e , f u r f u r o l a c e t a t e ,
i s o a m y l
n
b u t y r a t e , e t h y l a c e t y l a c e t a t e ,
d i e t h y l
o x a l a t e , g l y c o l
d i
a c e t a t e , i s o a m y l
i s o v a l e r a t e ,
m e t h y l b e n z o a t e , e t h y l b e n
z o a t e , m e t h y l
s a l i c y l a t e ,
n - p r o p y l b e n z o a t e , n - b u t y l
o x a l a t e ,
e t c .
T h e s a t u r a t e d
hydrocarbons can
o f
c o u r s e
be used
a s
a s u i t a b l e i n e r t s o l v e n t , e . g . , p e n t a n e , h e x a n e , h e p t a n e ,
o c t a n e ,
d e c a n e ,
d o d e c a n e ,
b e n z e n e ,
t o l u e n e , x y l e n e ,
k e r o s e n e ,
e t c .
T he
m e r c u r i c
s a l t s
which can
b e
employed
a r e
t h o s e
s o l u b l e i n t h e r e a c t i o n medium.
I n c l u d e d
i n s u c h s a l t s
. a r e t h e m e r c u r i c h a l i d e s and t h e
c a r b o x y l a t e s
o f t h e
l o w e r m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t c a r b o x y l i c a c i d s , e . g . , m e r c u r i c
c h l o r i d e , m e r c u r i c b r o m i d e , m e r c u r i c
? u o r i d e ,
m e r c u r i c
a c e t a t e , m e r c u r i c f o r m a t e , m e r c u r i c p r o p i o n a t e ,
m e r c u r i c
b u t y r a t e ,
m e r c u r i c
p e n t o n a t e , e t c . Of t h e s e ,
m e r c u r i c
a c e t a t e i s p r e f e r r e d .
The
r e a c t i o n i s
b e l i e v e d
t o p r o c e e d
t h r o u g h
two s t e p s ,
a n d
s e x e m p l i ? e d b y t h e
f o l l o w i n g :
0
w h e r e i n :
X
e p r e s e n t s
t h e
p a r t i c u l a r
a n i o n
o f t h e
m e r c u r i c
s a l t ,
e . g . ,
t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d
h a l i d e
o r
c a r b o x y l g r o u p s .
-
8/9/2019 Preparation of Alkyl Carbonates
2/3
maintained a t
220 C .
f o r
an
a d d i t i o n a l two h o u r s .
3 , 2 2 7 , 7 4 0
3
As
p r e v i o u s l y
m e n t i o n e d ,
t h e p r e f e r r e d
e m b o d i m e n t
c o m p r i s e s t h e u s e o f m e r c u r i c a c e t a t e w i t h t h e
r e s u l t a n t
p r o d u c t i o n o f
a c e t i c a c i d i n t h e
c r u d e r e a c t i o n p r o d u c t .
The
r e a c t i o n
can
b e
performed
i n a
s i n g l e
s t e p
by
i n t r o d u c i n g
t h e r e a c t a n t s ,
i . e .
c a r b o n m o n o x i d e ,
t h e a l c o
hol
and
mercuric s a l t i n t o a r e a c t i o n
zone
a t
t h e d e s i r e d
t e m p e r a t u r e , a b o u t 1 5 0 t o a b o u t 3 5 0
C .
and
d e s i r e d
p r e s s u r e s from a b o u t 1 0 t o a b o u t 1 0 0 0 p . s . i . g . P r e f e r a b l y
t e m p e r a t u r e s from a b o u t 2 0 0 t o about 2 5 0 C . and p r o s
s u r e s
from 50 t o about 500 p . s . i . g . a r e
u s e d .
Because
mercuric s a l t s
a r e
r e a c t i v e
with
a l c o h o l s
a t
e l e v a t e d t e m p e r a t u r e s , i t i s p r e f e r r e d t o p e r f o r m t h e r e
a c t i o n
i n s e p a r a t e
s t e p s .
I n t h e
? r s t s t e p ,
t h e
s o l u t i o n
i s
t r e a t e d
t o
s a t u r a t i o n w i t h carbon monoxide and t h e
a l c o h o l i c o r o r g a n i c s o l u t i o n o f t h e r e s u l t a n t
m e r c u r i c
c a r b o n a t e i s t h e r e a f t e r h e a t e d
t o
t h e n e c e s s a r y r e a c t i v e
t e m p e r a t u r e
t o
form t h e d i a l k y l
c a r b o n a t e o r
p o l y a l k y l
c a r b o n a t e ) . I n t h i s manner
t h e
c o m p e t i n g r e a c t i o n be
tween
t h e
a l c o h o l and
t h e
mercuric s a l t i s
a v o i d e d and
t h e
d e s i r e d c a r b o n a t e f o r m a t i o n i s f a v o r e d .
I n g e n e r a l , t e m p e r a t u r e s b e t w e e n a b o u t 0 a n d a b o u t
1 0 0 C .
can
be
u s e d i n t h e ? r s t s t e p t o
absorb
carbon
m o n o x i d e ; p r e f e r a b l y
t e m p e r a t u r e s from a b o u t 2 5 t o
a b o u t
7 5
C .
a r e u s e d . High p r e s s u r e s a r e p r e f e r r e d
t o
f a v o r a b s o r p t i o n o f c a r b o n
m o n o x i d e ,
g e n e r a l l y p r e s
s u r e s
from
about 1 0 t o about 1000 p . s . i . g . can be u s e d ,
p r e f e r a b l y b e t w e e n a b o u t 1 0 0 and a b o u t 500 p . s . i . g . a r e
u s e d .
The l e n g t h o f t h e p r i m a r y c a r b o n
m o n o x i d e a b s o r p t i o n
s t e p d e p e n d s
on t h e
d e g r e e
o f
c o n t a c t i n g a c h i e v e d b e
tween t h e l i q u i d and
g a s .
The n e c e s s a r y l e n g t h o f
t i m e
i s r e a d i l y d e t e r m i n a b l e by o b s e r v i n g when c a r b o n
mon
o x i d e i s no l o n g e r a b s o r b e d a s
r e ? e c t e d
b y , e . - g . a c h i e v i n g
a s t e a d y r e a c t i o n p r e s s u r e o r
any
o t h e r i n d i c a t i o n t h a t
a
p o r t i o n
o f
t h e
g a s p h a s e i s no l o n g e r b e i n g a b s o r b e d .
T h e r e a f t e r , t h e r e a c t a n t s
a r e h e a t e d t o
t h e n e c e s s a r y
t e m p e r a t u r e
t o
y i e l d
t h e
c a r b o n a t e p r o d u c t . G e n e r a l l y ,
t e m p e r a t u r e s between
about
1 5 0 and about
350 can
be
u s e d ; between a b o u t
1 7 5 and 2 2 5 C .
a r e p r e f e r r e d .
The c r u d e r e a c t i o n
p r o d u c t
i s r e a d i l y
d e c a n t e d t o
s e p a
r a t e t h e o r g a n i c p r o d u c t s
from
t h e
m e r c u r y ,
t h e former
a r e d i s t i l l e d
t o
r e c o v e r
t h e
c a r b o x y l i c a c i d and
t h e d e s i r e d
y i e l d o f a l k y l c a r b o n a t e
from t h e
s o l v e n t
e m p l o y e d . The
s o l v e n t
and a c i d , e . g . ,
a c e t i c , can
b e combined w i t h
t h e
mercury and t h e
m i x t u r e s u b j e c t e d t o o x i d i z i n g c o n d i
t i o n s t o o x i d i z e t h e mercury t o i t s s o l u b l e s a l t
f o r
r e
c y c l i n g t o t h e r e a c t i o n . V a r i o u s
known
o x i d i z i n g con
d i t i o n s c a n
b e
employed i n
t h i s
s t e p , e . g . , n i t r i c a c i d ,
c h r o m i c a c i d , p a r m a n g a n a t e s , o z o n e , c a n b e
employed
t o
g e t h e r w i t h
oxygen u n d e r
t e m p e r a t u r e s
between a b o u t
0
C .
and
a b o u t
250
C .
t o
r e o x i d i z e
t h e mercury
f o r
r e c y c l i n g .
T he f o l l o w i n g
examples w i l l
s e r v e
t o i l l u s t r a t e
a
mode
o f p r a c t i c i n g
my
n v e n t i o n :
E x a m p l e 1
D i b u t y l c a r b o n a t e was p r e p a r e d b y t h e r e a c t i o n o f
1 0 0 m i l l i l i t e r s o f n - b u t a n o l and 3 1
grams
o f
m e r c u r i c
a c e t a t e in
a 300 m i l l i l i t e r
bomb,
which
was
p r e s s u r i z e d
t o
400
p . s . i . g .
w i t h
carbon monoxide. T he m i x t u r e was
t h e n h e a t e d t o 5 0 C . i n
a
r o c k i n g a p p a r a t u s . A f t e r
two
h o u r s a t 5 0 C . ,
t h e
p r e s s u r e
d r o p p e d t o 300 p . s . i . g .
The
mixture
was
t h e n heated
t o
1 1 0
C .
and h e l d a t t h i s
t e m p e r a t u r e
f o r
two
h o u r s
a n d , ? n a l l y ,
h e a t e d
t o and
On
c o o l i n g , t h e p r e s s u r e r e t u r n e d t o 300 p . s . i . g .
The
b o m b
was
opened
and
t h e
p r o d u c t
c o n t a i n e d
t h e r e i n
found
t o
c o m - p r i s e t w o l i q u i d l a y e r s ,
t h e l o w e r
c o m p r i s i n g
1 9
grams o f
m e r c u r y . The
u p p e r y e l l o w
l a y e r
was
d e c a n t e d
and d i s t i l l e d
t o
r e c o v e r
2 m i l l i l i t e r s o f b u t y l
a c e t a t e ,
b o i l i n g p o i n t
1 2 0 ~ 1 3 0 C . , 0 . 6 g r a m s w a t e r
and 1 2
grams d - i b u t y l c a r b o n a t e , h a v i n g
a
d e n s i t y o f 1 . 4 1 0 8 and
a
b o i l i n g
p o i n t
74~75 C .
a t
4
mm.
r e s s u r e . An i n
f r a r e d s p e c t r u m
i n d i c a t e d
t h e s a m p l e
t o b e v e r y p u r e
d i
b u t y l c a r b o n a t e which
was
o b t a i n e d
i n
a 67 y i e l d .
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
7 0
7 5
;
Example 2
Dimethyl c a r b o n a t e was
p r e p a r e d
i n
t h e same
a p p a r a
t u s
by
t h e r e a c t i o n o f 1 0 0 m i l l i l i t e r s m e t h a n o l , 3 2 grams
mercuric
a c e t a t e and 21 m i l l i l i t e r s t o l u e n e
a s
a
s o l v e n t .
The b o m b
was
p r e s s u r e d t o 400 p . s . i . g . w i t h carbon
m o n o x i d e ,
h e a t e d ,
w i t h
r o c k i n g ,
t o
5 0 C .
f o r
o n e
h o u r ,
t h e n 1 0 0 C . f o r
one
hour
and
? n a l l y , 200 C . f o r two
h o u r s .
A f t e r
c o o l i n g , t h e
p r e s s u r e
r e t u r n e d t o 3 0 0 p . s . i . g .
T he bomb
was
opened
and
c o n t a i n e d 20
grams
o f mer
cury and a
y e l l o w - g r e e n
l i q u i d which
was added
t o 1 0 0
m i l l i l i t e r s w a t e r . T he o r g a n i c p h a s e Was d i s t i l l e d
and
a
h i g h y i e l d o f d i m e t h y l c a r b o n a t e was r e c o v e r e d t h e r e
f r o m .
E x a m p l e 3
T he
20 grams mercury from Example
2
was
added t o
150
m i l l i l i t e r s
a c e t i c a c i d c o n t a i n i n g
2 m i l l i l i t e r s
concen
t r a t e d
n i t r i c
a c i d . Air was
i n t r o d u c e d
i n t o t h e
mixture
and
a w h i t e s o l i d immediately
was
formed. T he mix
t u r e was
heated
and a t 8 0 C . 1
hour
l a t e r ) t h e maxi
mum mount
o f
w h i t e s o l i d
had
formed and
t h e
m e t a l l i c
mercury
had
d i s a p p e a r e d .
F u r t h e r
h e a t i n g
t o
1 0 5
C .
d i s s o l v e d t h e
white s o l i d and
a
c l e a r
s o l u t i o n was l e f t .
Upon c o o l i n g , a w h i t e p r e c i p i t a t e formed which was
? l t e r e d
t o
o b t a i n
27 grams mercuric a c e t a t e w h i c h can be
u s e d
i n
r e p e a t e d r e a c t i o n s f o r t h e f o r m a t i o n o f d i a l k y l
c a r b o n a t e s .
Example 4
A
o l y h e x a m e t h y l e n e c a r b o n a t e )
was
p r e p a r e d
by
c o n
d e n s i n g 1 2
grams
o f
h e x a m e t h y l e n e
g l y c o l
i n
1 0 0
m i l l i
l i t e r s
o f
e t h y l
e t h e r s o l v e n t
c o n t a i n i n g 3 1
grams
o f
mercuric a c e t a t e . T he
s o l v e n t ,
mercuric s a l t
and
r e
a c t a n t
were charged
t o
a
300
m i l l i l i t e r bomb
and
p r e s
s u r e d t o 400 p . s . i . g . w i t h
c a r b o n
monoxide. The
b o m b
wa s rocked
and
heated
and
maintained a t 60 C .
f o r
two
h o u r s , then heated
t o
and
held
a t
220
C . f o r
two
more
h o u r s . Upon c o o l i n g t o
room
t e m p e r a t u r e t h e
b o m b
p r e s s u r e
was
observed
t o
be
3 5 0
p . s . i . g .
T he bomb
was
opened and
t h e
c o n t e n t s
d e c a n t e d t o
s e p a r a t e
t h e o r g a n i c
l a y e r from 1 5
grams
o f
mercury
i n t h e bomb. The
s o l v e n t and e x c e s s
hexamethylene
g l y c o l
were removed
from t h e polymer by
vacuum d i s t i l l a t i o n .
The l i q u i d
r e s i d u e
was a v i s c o u s yellow l i q u i d
having
an i n f r a r e d
a n a l y s i s o f
c a r b o n a t e and h y d r o x y l
g r o u p s
and
a
molec
u l a r
w e i g h t
o f
3 9 1 .
The p r e c e d i n g e x a m p l e s a r e i n t e n d e d
s o l e l y
t o i l l u s
t r a t e my nvention
and a r e
not t o be construed
a s unduly
l i m i t i n g t h e r e o f . My
n v e n t i o n
i s i n t e n d e d t o b e d e ? n e d
by
t h e method s t e p s and t h e i r
e q u i v a l e n t s s e t f o r t h
i n
t h e f o l l o w i n g
c l a i m s .
I c l a i m :
1 .
T h e
s y n t h e s i s
of
a
carbonate from
an
a l c o h o l s e
l e c t e d
from
t h e
c l a s s
c o n s i s t i n g o f a l i c y c l i c a n d a l i p h a t i c
p r i m a r y
a l c o h o l s h a v i n g
1
t o a b o u t
25
c a r b o n s and a l i
p h a t i c p o l y o l s h a v i n g m o l e c u l a r
w e i g h t s f r o m
6 2 t o a b o u t
1 0 , 0 0 0
which
c o m p r i s e s c o n t a c t i n g s a i d
a l c o h o l
w i t h
c a r ~
bon
monoxide
i n t h e
p r e s e n c e o f a mercuric
s a l t s e l e c t e d
from t h e c l a s s c o n s i s t i n g
o f
m e r c u r i c h a l i d e s
and
c a r
b o x y l a t e s o f
l o w e r m o l e c u l a r
w e i g h t c a r b o x y l i c
a c i d s
a t a
t e m p e r a t u r e between a b o u t 1 5 0 and a b o u t 3 5 0
C .
and
a
p r e s s u r e
from a b o u t 1 0 t o 1 0 , 0 0 0
p . s . i . g .
2 .
T he
r e a c t i o n o f
c l a i m 1
f o r t h e p r e p a r a t i o n
o f
a
d i a l k y l c a r b o n a t e
w h e r e i n
a monohydroxy a l c o h o l
i s
u s e d
a s
s a i d a l c o h o l .
3 . The
r e a c t i o n
o f c l a i m 1 f o r t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f a
p o l y a l k y l c a r b o n a t e ) w h e r e i n a n a l i p h a t i c p o l y o l
c o n t a i n
i n g
p r i m a r y
h y d r o x y l s
i s u s e d
a s
s a i d a l c o h o l .
4 .
The r e a c t i o n o f c l a i m 1 c o m p r i s i n g
t h e
u s e
o f a
m e r c u r i c
c a r b o x y l a t e
o f a l o w e r m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t
f a t t y
a c i d a s
s a i d mercuric s a l t .
5 . T he r e a c t i o n
o f c l a i m
4 c o m p r i s i n g
t h e
u s e
o f
mer
c u r i c a c e t a t e a s s a i d mercuric s a l t .
6 . The manufacture o f
a
d i a l k y l
c a r b o n a t e
which
c o m
p r i s e s
a b s o r b i n g
c a r b o n monoxide i n
a
s o l u t i o n
c o n t a i n i n g
-
8/9/2019 Preparation of Alkyl Carbonates
3/3
3 , 2 2 7 , 7 4 0
5
a m e r c u r i c c a r b o x y l a t e
o f
l o w e r m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t c a r
b o x y l i c
a c i d s and
a s a t u r a t e d p r i m a r y
a l c o h o l s e l e c t e d
f r o m t h e c l a s s c o n s i s t i n g
o f
a l i c y c l i c
a n d a l i p h a t i c
p r i m a r y
a l c o h o l s h a v i n g 1
t o
about 25 c a r b o n s a t a t e m p e r a t u r e
between a b o u t 0
and
a b o u t 1 0 0 C .
and
a
p r e s s u r e
be
tween
a b o u t
1 0
and
a b o u t
1 0 0 0 p . s . i . g .
u n t i l s a i d
s o l u t i o n
s u b s t a n t i a l l y c e a s e s
t o
a b s o r b s a i d carbon monoxide and
t h e r e a f t e r h e a t i n g s a i d
s o l u t i o n t o a t e m p e r a t u r e b e t w e e n
a b o u t 1 5 0 and
a b o u t
3 5 0 C . t o form s a i d d i a l k y l c a r
b o n a t e .
7 .
The m a n u f a c t u r e
o f d i a l k y l c a r b o n a t e s a c c o r d i n g
t o c l a i m
6
wherein
s a i d
a l c o h o l
i s a s a t u r a t e d primary
a l c o h o l
h a v i n g 1 t o a b o u t
5
carbon
a t o m s .
8 . The m a n u f a c t u r e o f
c l a i m 6
w h e r e i n s a i d a l c o h o l
h a s
from
1 t o a b o u t
6
c a r b o n s .
9 . The m a n u f a c t u r e o f c l a i m 6 c o m p r i s i n g a b s o r b i n g
s a i d c a r b o n m o n o x i d e u n d e r s u b s t a n t i a l l y a n h y d r o u s
c o n d i t i o n s .
1 0 .
The
m a n u f a c t u r e o f
a
p o l y a l k y l c a r b o n a t e )
which
c o m p r i s e s a b s o r b i n g c a r b o n monoxide i n a s o l u t i o n
con
t a i n i n g
a
mercuric
c a r b o x y l a t e
o f
a
lower molecular
W e i g h t f a t t y a c i d
a n d a n
a l i p h a t i c s a t u r a t e d p r i m a r y
p o l y o l h a v i n g a m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t
from
6 2
t o
a b o u t
1 0 , 0 0 0 a t
a
t e m p e r a t u r e
between
a b o u t 0 and
a b o u t
1 0
1 5
20
6
1 0 0 C .
and
a
p r e s s u r e
between a b o u t
1 0 and about
1000
p . s . i . g .
u n t i l s a i d
s o l u t i o n s u b s t a n t i a l l y c e a s e s
t o a b s o r b
s a i d
c a r b o n
monoxide a n d
t h e r e a f t e r h e a t i n g
s a i d s o l u
t i o n
t o
a
t e m p e r a t u r e
between
about 1 5 0
and about
3 5 0 C .
t o form s a i d
p o l y a l k y l c a r b o n a t e ) .
1 1 .
The
m a n u f a c t u r e
o f
c l a i m 1 0 c o m p r i s i n g
u s i n g
mercuric a c e t a t e a s s a i d
mercuric s a l t .
1 2 . The
m a n u f a c t u r e
o f
c l a i m 1 0
c o m p r i s i n g t h e u s e
o f a d i p r i m a r y g l y c o l
a s
t h e p o l y o l .
1 3 .
The m a n u f a c t u r e o f c l a i m 1 0 c o m p r i s i n g a b s o r b
i n g s a i d
c a r b o n
m o n o x i d e u n d e r
s u b s t a n t i a l l y a n h y d r o u s
c o n d i t i o n s .
R e f e r e n c e s C i t e d by t h e Examiner
UNITED STATES PATENTS
2 / 1 9 5 6
Reppe e t a l . ______ __ 260488
OTHER REFERENCES
Wagner
e t
a l . :
S y n t h e t i c
O r g a n i c C h e m i s t r y ,
1 9 5 3
E d i t i o n .
2 , 7 3 4 , 9 1 3
MURRAY
ILLMAN,
P r i m a r y E x a m i n e r .
LEON .
B ERCO VI TZ,
E x a m i n e r .