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PRECAST
CONCRETE
FOUNDATIONS
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INTRODUCTION
Foundations are used:
• To transfer the loads of structures into
the bearing soils they sit upon.
• To resist uplift forces caused by wind.
• To enclose basements and crawlspaces,
and to resist lateral earth andhydrostatic pressures.
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INTRODUCTION
• Continuous
footingsBasement
Crawlspace
Slab on ground
• Thickened slab
Types of foundations – residential,
light commercial
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INTRODUCTION
Materials used to build foundations
• Masonry (CMUs)
• Cast-in-place concrete
• Wood
• Precast concrete
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INTRODUCTION
• Built on site, labor intensive
• High site impact (approx. 5-10 days)
• Construction impacted by weather
• Moderate permeability
• f’m = 2,500 psi
Masonry
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OVERVIEW
• Formed and cast on site
• High site impact (5-8 days)
• Construction impacted by weather
• Low Permeability
• Monolithically cast = cracks
• f’c = 3,500 psi
Cast-in-place concrete
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OVERVIEW
• Can be built on site or off site
• Moderate site impact (3-4 days)
• High permeability
• f’c = 7,000 psi, buckling is a concern
Wood
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OVERVIEW
• Built off site
• Lowest site impact (0.5-1.0 days)
• Negligible impact by weather
• Panelized = joints for expansion andcontraction
• Low permeability
• f’c = 5,000 psi
Precast concrete
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OVERVIEW
Many precast
concrete
foundationsystems employ
thin-wall/thin-
shell designs.
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CODES AND STANDARDS
• Precast concrete foundations entered theIRC in 2003, Chapter 4.
• However, they are not well defined; the IRClacks direction and details for buildingofficials.
Foundations fall under the International
Residential Code (IRC)
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CODES AND STANDARDS
• NPCA has submitted code changes tobetter define the use of precast concretefoundations (IRC 2007 supplementary codecycle).
IRC development
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CODES AND STANDARDS
Precast concrete foundations are pre-
engineered systems manufactured in a
controlledenvironment;
therefore code
submissions areperformance-
based.
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CODES AND STANDARDS
Masonry, cast-in-place and wood are
field-built systems whose design must
be specified in the code in order forbuilding officials to inspect them; these
are prescriptive-based.
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CODES AND STANDARDS
• f’c = 5,000 psi @ 28days.
• Rebar must meet ASTM 615, A706, A996with a minimum cover of 5/8”.
• Panel-to-panel connections shall be Grade II,if bolted.
• Fibers must conform to ASTM C 1116.
• Grout must conform to ASTM C 1107.
Proposed minimum material requirements:
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CODES AND STANDARDS
• System design by a P.E.
• Components of the system do not require aPE stamp every time they are used.
• Manufacturers must have third-partyinspection and QA program.
Design:
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CODES AND STANDARDS
• Total uniform load applied = 5,300 lbs/ft(this correlates with new footing table @ 3-story height).
• Lateral earth pressure = 60 lbs/ft2/ft.
• Accommodate concentrated loads in excessof the uniform loads.
Proposed minimum design criteria:
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CODES AND STANDARDS
Since precast concretefoundations are pre-engineered, such as atruss or joist, theircapacities or limits mustbe communicated to thepurchaser.
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CODES AND STANDARDS
• Soil bearing capacity (psf).
• Footing design and material.
• Max. allowable uniform load (lbs/ft).
• Concentrated loads and their points of
application.
Information that must be conveyed to
the purchaser:
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DESIGN
• Calculate all live and dead loads from floors,roofs and walls.
• Calculate applicable snow, wind and seismicloads.
• Calculate and determine locations ofconcentrated loads, such as from floorbeams or girders.
Suggested procedure to design
with a precast concrete foundation
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DESIGN
• Determine soil type and bearing capacity.
• Check to ensure that a precast concretefoundation system can safely support allcalculated loads – work with manufacturer.
• Design footing, IRC chapter 4.
• Check for uplift.
Suggested procedure to design
with a precast concrete foundation
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INSTALLATION
• Footings should be installed on undisturbedsoil.
• Panels are set into place on leveled,compacted crushed stone or cast-in-placecontinuous footing.
• Joints are sealed in accordance withmanufacturers instructions, commonly duringpanel-to-panel installation.
• Backfill may not commence until walls arebraced at top and bottom.
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INSTALLATION
Windows and
doors are easily
included to meet
ingress and
egress
requirements.
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ADVANTAGES
• Are cast off site in a controlled environmentwith stringent quality control.
Precast concrete foundations:
• Are stronger andlighter than mostcompeting materials.
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ADVANTAGES
• Minimize construction period.
Installed quicker
Less weather dependency
Reduced coordination of trades
• Are leak resistant and have little tono cracking.
Precast concrete foundations:
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ADVANTAGES
• Can have a variety ofarchitectural finishes.
• Are environmentally friendly andcan qualify for LEED credits.
Precast concrete foundations:
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ADVANTAGES
• Reduce the overall costs forbuilders and homeowners.
• Are the best material choice forresidential and light commercialfoundations.
Precast concrete foundations: