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The ByzantineThe Byzantine
Empire: The NewEmpire: The New
RomeRomeWorld History AWorld History A
Seminar #4Seminar #4Warm Up: Define the following words ±
1. Rule of law
2. autocrat
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The Division of theThe Division of the
Roman EmpireRoman EmpireIn 284 ADIn 284 AD DiocletianDiocletian becamebecameRoman emperor. He decidedRoman emperor. He decided
that the huge Roman empirethat the huge Roman empirecould only be ruled effectivelycould only be ruled effectivelyby splitting it into two parts.by splitting it into two parts.
Textbook: page 148Textbook: page 148In your notes, describe the extent of eachIn your notes, describe the extent of each
half of the empire. Click to the next slidehalf of the empire. Click to the next slide
for a map.for a map.
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The Division of the Roman EmpireThe Division of the Roman EmpireFromFrom World History:World History:Connections to TodayConnections to Today PrenticePrentice
Hall, 2003Hall, 2003
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ConstantineConstantineIn 330 Diocletian¶sIn 330 Diocletian¶ssuccessor,successor,ConstantineConstantine, rebuilt, rebuilt
the old Greek port of the old Greek port of Byzantium, at theByzantium, at theentrance to theentrance to theBlack Sea. HeBlack Sea. Herenamed itrenamed itConstantinopleConstantinople andandmade the city themade the city thecapital of thecapital of theEastern RomanEastern Roman
Empire.Empire.
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The Fall of the WesternThe Fall of the Western
Roman EmpireRoman EmpireBy 395 AD, the Roman Empire wasBy 395 AD, the Roman Empire wasformally divided into two empires:formally divided into two empires:East and West. With the invasionEast and West. With the invasion
of Germanic forces from the north,of Germanic forces from the north,the Western Roman Empire wasthe Western Roman Empire wasconquered and further divided.conquered and further divided.
This left the eastern part of theThis left the eastern part of theRoman empire to carry on theRoman empire to carry on theGrecoGreco--Roman tradition.Roman tradition.
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The Fall of the WesternThe Fall of the Western
Roman EmpireRoman Empire
FromFrom World History:World History:
Connections to TodayConnections to Today
Prentice Hall, 2003Prentice Hall, 2003
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The Byzantine Empire Under The Byzantine Empire Under
JustinianJustinianThis map depicts theThis map depicts theEmpire at the deathEmpire at the deathof Justinian I, whoof Justinian I, who
had reigned fromhad reigned from527 to 565 as sole527 to 565 as soleEmperor,Emperor,sometimes insometimes inconcert, andconcert, andsometimes insometimes inconflict, with hisconflict, with hispowerful wifepowerful wifeTheodora.Theodora.
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Byzantine EmpireByzantine EmpireAt first, this EmpireAt first, this Empirecontrolled only acontrolled only a
small area aroundsmall area around
the easternthe eastern
Mediterranean, butMediterranean, but
during the reign of during the reign of
JustinianJustinian (527(527--565),565),
it started to recover it started to recover much of the territorymuch of the territory
of the old Romanof the old Roman
empireempire..
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The New RomeThe New RomeTheThe Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire
was wealthy andwas wealthy and
produced: gold, silk,produced: gold, silk,
grain, olives andgrain, olives andwine. It traded thesewine. It traded these
for spices, ivory andfor spices, ivory and
precious stones fromprecious stones from
countries as far awaycountries as far awayas China and Indiaas China and India
along the Silk Roadalong the Silk Road
trade routes.trade routes.
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The Silk RoadThe Silk Road
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Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and Theodora
Textbook: page 235Textbook: page 235
Justinian ruled asJustinian ruled as
anan autocratautocrat with thewith the
help of help of TheodoraTheodora..Created a hugeCreated a huge
Christian empireChristian empire
Empire reached itsEmpire reached its
greatest sizegreatest size
AutocratAutocrat ± ± ruler who hasruler who has
complete authoritycomplete authority
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Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and TheodoraTextbook: page 235Textbook: page 235
Justinian ruled asJustinian ruled as
anan autocratautocrat withwith
the help of the help of Theodora. CreatedTheodora. Created
a huge Christiana huge Christian
empireempire
Empire reached itsEmpire reached itsgreatest sizegreatest size
BuiltBuilt Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia
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Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and TheodoraTextbook: page 235Textbook: page 235
Justinian ruled as anJustinian ruled as an
autocratautocrat with the helpwith the help
of Theodora. Created aof Theodora. Created a
huge Christian empirehuge Christian empire
Empire reached itsEmpire reached its
greatest sizegreatest size
Built Hagia SophiaBuilt Hagia Sophia
Built HippodromeBuilt Hippodrome
Created Justinian¶sCreated Justinian¶s
CodeCode ± ± which organizedwhich organized
all the laws of ancientall the laws of ancient
Rome.Rome.
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Justinian¶s Code of LawsJustinian¶s Code of Laws
Laws were fairer to women. They could ownLaws were fairer to women. They could ownproperty and raise their own children after property and raise their own children after their husbands died.their husbands died.
Children allowed to choose their ownChildren allowed to choose their ownmarriage partners.marriage partners.
Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their masters.masters.
Punishments were detailed and fit the crimePunishments were detailed and fit the crime His work inspired the modern concept and,His work inspired the modern concept and,
indeed, the very spelling of "justice".indeed, the very spelling of "justice".
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The End of the ByzantineThe End of the Byzantine
EmpireEmpire TheThe Byzantine empireByzantine empire
drew to a close in 1453drew to a close in 1453
when forces from thewhen forces from the
Muslim OttomanMuslim OttomanEmpireEmpire surroundedsurrounded
and conqueredand conquered
Constantinople.Constantinople.
The ancient ChristianThe ancient Christian
city was renamedcity was renamed
Istanbul and becameIstanbul and became
the capital of thethe capital of the
Ottoman Empire.Ottoman Empire.
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Kievan RusKievan Rus TextbookTextbook -- page 242page 242
Begun by invasion of Begun by invasion of
Viking tribesViking tribes ± ± alsoalso
known as Slavsknown as Slavs ± ±from north of thefrom north of the
Baltic.Baltic.
Both trade partner Both trade partner
and sometime enemyand sometime enemy
of the Byzantineof the Byzantine
Empire.Empire.
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Kievan RusKievan Rus
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Kievan RusKievan RusFrom Prentice Hall World History: Connections to Today page240:
During Roman times, the Slavs expanded into southern Russia.Like the Germanic peoples who pushed into western Europe,the Slavs had a simple political organization divided into clans.They lived in small villages, farmed, and traded along the riversthat ran between the Baltic and the Black seas.
In the 700s and 800s, the Vikings steered their long ships outof Scandinavia. These expert sailors were as much at home onRussian rivers as on the stormy Atlantic. The Vikings, called
Varangians by later Russians, worked their way south along therivers, trading with and collecting tribute from the Slavs. Theyalso conducted a thriving trade with Constantinople.
Located at the heart of this vital trade network was the city of Kiev. In time, it would become the center of the first Russianstate.
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Rulers of the Kievan RusRulers of the Kievan Rus
Vladimir I (980)Vladimir I (980)((980) Vladimir I980) Vladimir I ± ±Extremely war like ruler Extremely war like ruler of Kiev. Invitedof Kiev. Invited
missionaries frommissionaries fromJudaism, Islam andJudaism, Islam andChristianity to offer Christianity to offer reasons for conversion.reasons for conversion.
Married the ByzantineMarried the Byzantineemperor¶s sister.emperor¶s sister.
Brought Christianity andBrought Christianity andGrecoGreco--Roman civilizationRoman civilizationto Russia.to Russia.
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Rulers of the Kievan RusRulers of the Kievan Rus
Yaroslav I (1010 Yaroslav I (1010 ± ± 1054)1054)(10101010 ± ± 1054) Yaroslav I1054) Yaroslav I ± ±
Created a Russian law code basedCreated a Russian law code based
on Justinian¶s Code.on Justinian¶s Code.
Instituted a Golden Age of Instituted a Golden Age of
Kievan Russia. Built churches andKievan Russia. Built churches and
a new capital city.a new capital city.
Allied Russia with the restAllied Russia with the rest
of Europe by marrying hisof Europe by marrying his
children to European rulers.children to European rulers.
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Rulers of the Kievan RusRulers of the Kievan Rus
Ivan the Great (1462Ivan the Great (1462--1505)1505)(1462(1462--1505) Ivan III1505) Ivan III or or Ivan the GreatIvan the Great ± ±absolute ruler. Tookabsolute ruler. Took
the title of the title of czar czar Czar Czar ± ± Absolute ruler Absolute ruler of Russia: fromof Russia: fromRoman wordRoman word ± ± Caesar Caesar
Defeated the Mongols,Defeated the Mongols,who had gainedwho had gainedcontrol of Russiacontrol of Russia
Extended RussianExtended Russian
territoryterritory
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Ivan the TerribleIvan the Terrible TextbookTextbook ± ± page 243page 243
(1530(1530--1584) Ivan the Terrible1584) Ivan the Terrible --
Centralized royal power Centralized royal power
Introduced new laws that tiedIntroduced new laws that tiedRussian serfs to the landRussian serfs to the land
Used agents of terror toUsed agents of terror to
consolidate his power consolidate his power
Had thousands of peopleHad thousands of people
killed because he suspectedkilled because he suspected
a plot.a plot.
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Mongol EmpireMongol Empire Genghiz KhanGenghiz Khan ± ±
Conquered China inConquered China in
early 1200searly 1200s
Kublai KhanKublai Khan ± ± ExtendedExtended
Mongol control over Mongol control over most of Asia, Russiamost of Asia, Russia
and eastern Europe inand eastern Europe in
Hungary. TradedHungary. Traded
extensively with theextensively with theWest. EntertainedWest. Entertained
Marco Polo.Marco Polo.
Pax MongoliaPax Mongolia ± ± largestlargest
empire in the world.empire in the world.
Click Genghiz Khan and hispicture for wonderful sites full of music and artifacts from the timeperiod.
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Mongol EmpireMongol EmpireTextbookTextbook ± ± page 309page 309
FromFrom World History:World History:
Connections to TodayConnections to TodayPrentice Hall, 2003Prentice Hall, 2003
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IslamIslam
In the 600s, a new religion began inIn the 600s, a new religion began in
Arabia,Arabia, IslamIslam ± ± meaning ³submissionmeaning ³submission
the will of Allah.´ Within 100 yearsthe will of Allah.´ Within 100 years
more than half the total population of more than half the total population of
Europe and Asia was Muslim. After theEurope and Asia was Muslim. After the
death of death of MuhammadMuhammad, the founder of , the founder of
Islam in 632, Muslim armies andIslam in 632, Muslim armies andmerchants spread the Islamic religionmerchants spread the Islamic religion
eastward to India and westward acrosseastward to India and westward across
northern Africa into Spain.northern Africa into Spain.
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IslamIslam
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Contributions of the MuslimContributions of the Muslim
WorldWorld Because of the arid
nature of much of
the Muslim world,
Arab engineers
were skilled in
methods of raising
water from theground and piping it
into their homes.
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Contributions of the MuslimContributions of the Muslim
WorldWorld
Arab medicine and
pharmacology were
very advanced. Ibn
Sina (Avicinna)wrote the definitive
medical
encyclopedia of the
time.
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Contributions of the Muslim WorldContributions of the Muslim World
In 1154, Arab
scientist Al Idrisi
drew this early map
of the world, showingthe basic outlines of
Asia, northern Africa
and Europe. Can you
locate the Nile River? Muslim contributions
to art and science
were numerous.
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Muslim Leaders and EmpiresMuslim Leaders and Empires
Al-Mansur (762) ± Leader of the Islamic world.Built a new capital city at Baghdad in what isnow Iraq. He made it a center of learning andculture.
Muhammad II (1453) ± Captured the Christian
city of Constantinople for the Ottoman Empireand Islam.
Suleiman (1520-1566) ± Sultan of the OttomanEmpire in its Golden Age.
The Ottoman Empire was the largest, mostpowerful empire in both Europe and theMiddle East for centuries.
Safavid Empire (1453-1629) ± Called Iran(Persia) today.