Download - POWERPLANTS
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Training and Methodological Centre
POWERPLANTS
BREF
Name Expert
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Training and Methodological Centre
Content
• Content BREF – LCP
• Procedure BREF- LCP
• Important to know
• BAT for combustion of coal and lignite
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Training and Methodological Centre
Content of the BREF-LCP (1)
• Chapter 1General information
• Chapter 2 Common techniques for energy generation
• Chapter 3Common processes and techniques to reduce emissions from large combustion plants
• Chapter 4Combustion techniques for coal and lignite
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Training and Methodological Centre
• Chapter 5Combustion techniques for biomass and peat
• Chapter 6 Combustion techniques for liquid fuels
• Chapter 7Combustion techniques for gaseous fuels
Content of the BREF-LCP (2)
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Training and Methodological Centre
• Chapter 8Combustion techniques for co-combustion of waste and recovered fuels
• Chapter 9Concluding remarks
• Chapter 10Annexes
Content of the BREF-LCP (3)
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Training and Methodological Centre
Procedure of the BREF - LCP
• Kick off meeting Feb 2000
• Final draft May 2005
• Commission will adopt BREF-LCP in spring 2006
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Training and Methodological Centre
Important to know
• BATAEL is not ELV
• Lot of split view
• Interface IPPC and LCPD
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Training and Methodological Centre
BAT for the combustion of coal and lignite
• Unloading, storage and handling• Thermal efficiency• Dust emissions and heavy metals• SO2 emissions• NOx emissions• HF and HCl emissions• NH3 emissions• Water contamination• Waste and residues
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Training and Methodological Centre
Unloading, storage and handling of fuel and additives
Reduce fugitive dust emissions of coal and lignite by:
• Effective loading/unloading equipment and closed transport systems
• Covered stockpiles• Water or other surface spray systems• Cleaning roads • Maintenance
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Training and Methodological Centre
Reduce water emissions of stockpile by:
• Collecting and treatment of rainwater
Reduce fugitive emissions of lime and limestone by:
• Enclosed storage and transport systems
Reduce safety risk of NH3 for DeNOx by:
• Use of ammonia-water solution
Unloading, storage and handling of fuel and additives
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Training and Methodological Centre
Thermal efficiency
Reduction of CO2 by:
• Optimisation of energy utilisation
• Optimisation of generating process
Cogeneration most effective option when local heat demand is high enough
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Training and Methodological Centre
Unit thermal efficiency (net) in % for coal plants
Combined technique new plants existing plantsCogeneration 75 – 90 75 - 90PC 43 – 47 *FBC > 41 *PFBC > 42 *
*improvement is plant specific, indication 36 – 40 %
PC = pulverised combustionFBC = fluidised bed combustionPFBC = pressurised fluidised bed combustion
Thermal efficiency
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Training and Methodological Centre
Dust emission levels coal and lignite combustion in mg/Nm3 (6 % O2) daily average
MWth new plants existing plants BAT50 – 100 5 - 20 5 – 30 ESP or FF100 – 300 5 – 20 5 - 25 ESP or FF
comb. with FGD > 300 5 – 10 5 – 10 ESP or FF
comb. with FGD
split views on all levels
Heavy metals reduced with dust.Hg (volatile) reduction less, more with SCR. ESP = electrostatic precipitatorFF = fabric filterFGD = flue gas desulphurisationSCR = selective catalytic reduction of NOx
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Training and Methodological Centre
SO2 emission levels coal and lignite combustion in mg/Nm3 (6 % O2) daily average
MWth new plants existing plants BAT
50 – 100 200 - 400 200 – 400 *
150 – 400 150 - 400
(FBC) (FBC)
100 – 300 100 – 200 100 –250 *
> 300 20 – 150 20 – 200
100 – 200 100 - 200
(FBC) (FBC)
* BAT is low sulphur fuel or/and Flue gas desulphurisation FGD depending on plant size. Low sulphur fuel for plants > 100 MWth only supplementary measure in combination with FGD. FGD wet scrubbing reduction 92-98% or dry scrubbing 85-92%
• split views on all levels FBC = fluidised bed combustion
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Training and Methodological Centre
NOx emission levels associated with BAT for coal
combustion in mg/Nm3 (6 % O2) daily average MWth combust. techn. new plants exist. plants BAT 50 – 100 GF 200 - 300 200 – 300 Pm and/or SNCR PC 90 – 300 90 – 300 Pm/SNCR//SCR CFBC/PFBC 200 –300 200 – 300 Comb of Pm 100 – 300 PC 90 – 200 90 –200 Pm and SCR * FBC 100 – 200 100 – 200 Pm and SNCR > 300 PC 90 – 150 90 – 200 Pm and SCR*
FBC 50 – 150 50 - 200 Comb of Pm *or combined techniques split views on all levels GF = grate firing PC = pulvirised combustion FBC = fluidised bed combustion CFBC = circulating fluidised bed combustion PFBC = pressurised fluidised bed combustion BFBC = bubbling fluidised bed combustion Pm = primary measures SCR = selective catalytic reduction of NOx SNCR = selective non catalytic reduction of NOx
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Training and Methodological Centre
HF and HCl emissions
• With a wet flue gas desulphurisation system reduction of HF and HCl emissions are 98 – 99%.
• Emission levels HF 1 –5 mg/Nm3 and HCl 1 –10 mg/Nm3
• In practice leakages in the rotating gas-gas heat-exchanger.
• BAT is a modern type of gas-gas heat-exchanger, more possibilities.
• Replacement only when heat exchanger needs to be changed or replaced anyway.
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Training and Methodological Centre
NH3 emissions
Ammonia slip when SNCR or SCR systems are installed.
BAT is an emission of < 5 mg/Nm3
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Training and Methodological Centre
Water contamination
• Rainwater from storage areas collected and treated
• Waste water treatment plant with wet scrubbing– Remove heavy metals– Decrease amount of solid matter
• In BREF more detailed information
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Training and Methodological Centre
Waste en residues
• BAT is utilisation and re-use of combustion residues and by-products
• Many utilisation possibilities for by-products as ashes with different criteria and plant specific
• End-product gypsum of wet scrubbing is utilised in the plasterboard industry
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Training and Methodological Centre
Annex VII dust ELV in mg/Nm3 (6% O2 solid, 3% liquid and gas)
A – plants MWth
< 500 100 Solid fuels >500 50*
Liquid fuels all 50 Gaseous fuels all 5
(10/50) B – plants
MWth 50 – 100 50 Solid fuels >100 30
50 – 100 50 Liquid fuels > 100 30
Gaseous fuels all 5 (10/30)
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Training and Methodological Centre
LCPD Recital 8
• Compliance with the ELV laid down by LCPD should be regarded as a necessary but not sufficient condition for compliance with the requirements of IPPC regarding the use of BAT.
• Such compliance may involve more stringent ELV’s, ELV for other substances and other media and other appropriate conditions.
NEC National emission ceilings