Download - Potassium Nitrate
{Potassium Nitrate
Kemal VATANSEVER9-D 216
In 1270, by the chemist and engineer Hasan al-Rammah
In his book al-Furusiyya wa al-Manasib al-Harbiyya
Origin of
First the purification of barud. The manufacture of gunpowder and
explosive devices. From a Chinese origin for the
gunpowder weapons about the book. Potassium nitrate was called: "Chinese snow" by Arabs "Chinese salt" by Iranians.
It attend the world by the usage in gunpowder.
Highly important in19th century. From the end of World War Almost all potassium nitrate is used as a
fine chemical It is produced from basic potassium salts
and nitric acid.
Development
NH4NO3 (aq) + KOH (aq) → NH3 (g) + KNO3 (aq) + H2O (l)
(Too dangerous) NH4NO3 (aq) + KCl (aq) → NH4Cl (aq) + KNO3 (aq)(Too dangerous) KOH (aq) + HNO3 → KNO3 (aq) + H2O (l)(Highly exothermic)
Production
Molar mass 101.1032 g/mol(101) Odor Odorless Melting point 334 °C Boiling point 400 °C
(Decomposition) Acidity(pH) 7(Nearly Neutral)
Properties
Potassium nitrate has an orthorhombic crystal structure at room temperature.
It transforms to a trigonal system at 129 °C.
Above 560 °C, decomposition takes places by generating potassium nitrite and oxygen:
2 KNO3 → 2 KNO2 + O2
Structure Changes According to States
Fertilizer A source of nitrogen and potassium for plants.
Oxidizer One of the three components of black powder,
with powdered charcoal (carbon) and sulfur. In combination with other fuels, such as, with
sugars in rocket candy . Fireworks, Smoke bombs Pre-rolled cigarettes for maintaining an even
burn of the tobacco.
Usage
Food Preservation For preservation of salted meat since
the Middle Ages Due to inconsistent results compared to
more modern nitrate and nitrite compounds it is less used.
Pharmacology In toothpastes for sensitive teeth and
increasing rate of use. To relieve asthma symptoms again in
toothpastes. Treating of asthma and arthritis.
(Potassium Nitrate)
(Hydrogen Chloride)
Precipitation Reaction
Experiment
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Potassium Nitrate + Hydrochloric Acid Potassium Chlorine + Nitric Acid
During the experiment
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