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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
Planning Information Exchange (PIE)QUARTERLY WEBINAR SERIES PRESENTS:
Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations
March 23, 20171:00 – 2:00pm CT
Shannon S. Van Zandt, Ph.D., AICP Professor, Interim Dept. Head
Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning
Texas A&M University
Thomas A. Womeldurf, AIA, AICP, CEM, PMP, LEED AP+Director, Fed. & State Prog.
Institute for Building Technology & Safety (IBTS)
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What is the biggest hurdle to
post-disaster temporary housing
in your community?
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
Obstacles to Rapid Re-housing
after disaster: Lessons from
Dolly and Ike in Texas
Dr. Shannon Van Zandt, AICP
Professor and Interim Head
Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning
More information can be found in “The Texas Experience with 2008’s Hurricanes Dolly and Ike,” by Shannon Van Zandt and Madison Sloan, in:
11
Hurricanes Dolly and Ike
Hurricane Dolly struck the Lower Rio
Grande Valley on July 23, 2008
Hurricane Ike struck Galveston and
the Houston Metro on September 13,
2008
$38 billion in damage in Texas
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
Natural disasters expose pre-
existing inequalities within the
affected communities.
Why? Because disasters both
magnify and accelerate
processes already occurring in
communities (Olshansky et al.,
2012).
13
Hazard Exposure
Social Vulnerability
Physical Vulnerability
Predominant development
patterns in the US maximize
the intersection of physical
vulnerability and social
vulnerability—the most
socially vulnerable
populations live in the most
physically vulnerable
locations (Peacock et al.,
2015).
These households are likely to
receive the highest levels of
damage (Highfield et al.,
2014). 14
© Shannon S. Van Zandt, [email protected]
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
A meta-analysis of over 40 post-disaster reports from the last 10 years reveals these
Challenges to Post-disaster recovery
• Rapid, fact-based decision-making
• Participatory decision-making
• Building and using local capacity
• Navigating resources and assistance
• Restoration vs. resilience
15
The national statutory disaster recovery scheme is not set
up to handle catastrophic regional disasters
• One of the core principles of disaster recovery is deference to state and local governments in the planning and management of recovery.
• FEMA’s National Disaster Recovery Framework (2011) places the burden of disaster recovery on local, state, and tribal governments.
• The Stafford Act requires a governor to certify that combined state and local resources are insufficient when seeking a presidential disaster declaration.
• Yet, the reality of large-scale, regional disasters is that the bulk of resources needed for recovery will come from the federal government.
16
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
Poor data availability and waivers of federal program
requirements may lead to misallocation of funds
• Multiple administrative layers at the different levels of government and difficulties encountered by local governments in administering these complex grant programs hamper efficient, effective, and timely use of disaster recovery funds
• Inequitable distribution of initial recovery funding resulted in a conciliation agreement between US HUD and the State of Texas, which brought more than $3 Billion in disaster recovery funding to coastal Texas
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RAPIDO Demonstration Project
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
https://vimeo.com/
187677170
Building & Delivery
Method
Engaged Design &
Outreach Process
Organizational Collaboration
Pre-Disaster Planning
RAPIDO Pilot Program
19
Building Method
Graphics courtesy of bcWORKSHOP
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
Engaged Design & Outreach Process
21
Organizational
Collaboration
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning
“Pre-covery” planning
institutionalizes temp-to-perm
solutions. Enhances resilience by
mitigating population
displacement, maintaining social
networks, speeding recovery and
rebuilding, and providing cost-
effective solutions.
23
Summary of Policy Recommendations
• Engage community stakeholders in decision making by undertaking “pre-covery” and comprehensive planning
• Planning for recovery can institutionalize temporary-to-permanent solutions
• Encourage and support the development and maintenance of data that supports fact-based planning
• Recognize and prioritize investments in projects that will reduce vulnerability and increase resilience
• Establish a clear administrative structure for recovery to help community members navigate resources
• Use housing recovery to increase housing choice for vulnerable populations
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
Hazard
Mitigation
Plan
Consolidated
Housing
Plan
Capital
Investment
Plan
Comprehensive
Plan
Pre-Disaster
Recovery
Plan
Network of Plans
25
Post-Disaster Emergency Housing ________________
Insights from Louisiana Flooding DR4277 Thomas A Womeldurf, AIA, AICP
Director - Federal and State Programs
Institute for Building Technology and Safety (IBTS)
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
ABOUT US
The Institute for Building Technology and Safety is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization established to provide unbiased professional services, while enhancing the communities in which we work.
public sector accountability
_______________
private sectorflexibility
At IBTS, our mission is to deliver quality services to meet the challenges of governance at all levels while enhancing public safety, economic development, and the general welfare of the community.
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety
WHAT WE DO
FEDERAL & STATE PROGRAMS
TECHNOLOGYSERVICES
EDUCATION &TRAINING
COMPLIANCE RISK MANAGEMENT
ENERGY SOLUTIONSLEADERSHIP
QUALITY ASSURANCE
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS & RECOVERY
LOCAL GOVERNMENTSOLUTIONS
28
© Institute for Building Technology & Safety Thomas A. Womeldurf, [email protected]
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety
AUGUST 2016 LOUISIANA SEVERE STORMS & FLOODING
29
Presidential Declared Disaster (DR-4277)
Scope of Work:Perform reviews of MHU designs submitted by
manufacturers
Perform In-Plant Inspections of MHU’s during the
manufacturing process.
Conduct forensic analysis and investigations of potential
defects or other issues in manufactured homes.
Conduct environmental, health and safety reviews of
manufactured homes.
Conduct forensic analysis and investigations of MHU defects.
Perform installations and conduct inspections of MHU
residential fire sprinkler systems.
Conduct analysis and verify compliance with FEMA’s
contract requirements including HUD Standards, FEMA
Rugged Based Requirements and National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) 501, NFPA 501A and NFPA 13D.
Provide recommendations if there are issues resulting from
manufacturing; storage; transportation; installation; or,
maintenance.
Investigate Root causes of incidents within MHU’s such as
fires, leaks, and all other potential failures within MHU’s.
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety
LOUISIANA SEVERE STORMS& FLOODING (DR-4277)
30
Individual Assistance
Designated Parishes:
Acadia Parish, Ascension
Parish, Avoyelles Parish, East
Baton Rouge Parish, East
Feliciana Parish, Evangeline
Parish, Iberia Parish, Iberville
Parish, Jefferson Davis Parish,
Lafayette Parish, Livingston
Parish, Pointe Coupee Parish,
St. Helena Parish, St. James
Parish, St. Landry Parish, St.
Martin Parish, St. Tammany
Parish, Tangipahoa Parish,
Vermilion Parish, Washington
Parish, West Baton Rouge and
West Feliciana Parish.
• The August 2016 flood in southern Louisiana: called the worst US
natural disaster since Hurricane Sandy in 2012.
• The Washington Post noted that the "no-name storm" dumped
three times as much rain on Louisiana as Hurricane Katrina.
• 7.1 trillion gallons of water
• Enough to fill Lake Pontchartrain four times.
• (The lake is 40 miles wide x 24 miles long)
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety
Over 146,000 homes and thousands of businesses damaged
31
LOUISIANA SEVERE STORMS & FLOODING (DR-4277)
After
Before
CONTACT US
facebook/ibts.org IBTS_org
Institute for Building Technology and Safety
www.ibts.org
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended
Stafford Act
FEMA may provide several types of temporary housing assistance
MHUs are available to individuals or households who, because of a lack of available housing, would be unable to make use of financial housing assistance (>$17k damage)
Shelter at Home Program (<$15k damage)
Multifamily Lease and Repair Program (shortage of rental housing, quick turnaround)
MHUs shall be built to the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) standards
24 CFR 3280 (Manufactured Home Construction Safety Standards
Additional FEMA “Rugged Requirements”
REGULATORY BACKGROUND:FEMA’S AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE
TEMPORARY HOUSING
33
Homeowners can apply for FEMA housing assistance at:
DISASTERASSISTANCE.GOV
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety 34
FEMA TEMPORARY HOUSING UNITS
To remain eligible to stay in a THU,
applicants must demonstrate a
continued housing need and be able to
show progress toward a permanent
housing solution. FEMA may provide
THUs for up to 18 months following a
disaster declaration, although the State,
Territorial, or Indian Tribal
Government may request an extension
of the period of assistance due to
extraordinary circumstances.
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety
FEMA MHUs have:
Fire sprinkler systems
Double I-beams for supporting structural frame
Chassis welds and outrigger placement
Drywall (no vinyl-covered panels)
Grab bars
Roof shingles installed for Wind Zone III
Enhanced quality assurance processes
TECHNOLOGY/STANDARDS/RESILIENCY: FEMA’S “RUGGED REQUIREMENTS”
35
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety
A percentage of the MHUs are built to meet the Uniform Federal Access Standards.
UFAS is the Federal government’s implementation to meet the Architectural Barriers Act (ABA):
That facilities designed, built, altered or leased with funds supplied by the US Government are accessible to people with disabilities
Equal access to federal programs & services for people with disabilities
REGULATORY BACKGROUND: CITIZENS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
36
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety
FEMA’S CHALLENGE:GETTING MHUs TO FLOOD VICTIMS
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© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety
PLANNING CHALLENGES TO MHU DEPLOYMENT
38
National ChallengesMHU inventory
MHU manufacturer readiness and capability
Transportation of MHUs to FEMA storage sites
Retrofits, quality control, availability of parts/equipment
Contractor selection
FEMA determination of needs
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety 39
Local ChallengesPolitical landscape and Policies
Local Planning • Zoning
• Permitting
• Authority
Deployment logistics • Commercial sites
– How do they fit into fabric of community?
• Planned communities
– How quickly can they be ready?
• Private lots
– What are access & size constraints?
Availability and hook up of Utilities
Ready For Occupancy (RFO)
PLANNING CHALLENGES TO MHU DEPLOYMENT
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety
ENGAGEMENT, COMMUNICATION, COLLABORATION, COOPERATION
40
KEYS TO POST-DISASTER SUCCESS
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
© 2017 Institute for Building Technology and Safety
STRENGTH OF COMMUNITY
41
Thanks to Our Presenters
Shannon S. Van Zandt, Ph.D., AICP Professor, Interim Dept. Head
Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning
Texas A&M [email protected]
Thomas A. Womeldurf, AIA, AICP, CEM, PMP, LEED AP+
Director, Fed. & State Prog.Institute for Building Technology & Safety
42
© Institute for Building Technology & Safety Thomas A. Womeldurf, [email protected]
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Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinar:Post-Disaster Temporary Housing: Urban Planning Considerations3/23/2017, 1:00pm-2:00pm CT
Planning Information Exchange (PIE) Webinars
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