Download - Political parties and election systems
Political Parties and
Election Systems
Presented by:RA J A A B U M A N S H U R
M AT R I D I810083
ARVIN A/L POOBALAN812442
NURIZYAN BINTI SAMSUDIN812475
POLITICS AND ADMINISTRATION GMGG 5124
SRI LEDANG ROOM, MARCH 24, 2013
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Party Functions2
Type of Political Parties3
Electoral Systems4
Outlines Political Parties and
Electoral Systems
Political Parties
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Example in Southeast Asia Countries
Categories of Electoral Systems
6SRI LEDANG, MARCH 24, 2013
Political Parties
• Politics is about the social excercise of power, rather than just the state• The process through which group make decisions. (Tansey and Jackson, 2008)
• A party is any political group identified by an official label that present at elections, and is capable of placing through election (free or non free), candidates for public office. (Sartori, in Hellmann, 2011)
• A party as a team of politicians whose paramount goal is to win electoral office. (Bawn. Et. al, 2012)
• The party is primarily a vehicle to participate in public election. (Hellmann, 2011)
• Parties as (1) having “their primary goal the conquest of power or share in its exercise” and (2) drawing “their support from a broad base” in contact to pressure groups, which “represent a limited number with a particular or private interests. ( Duverger’s, 1972)
• An organization that articulates its stance on large number of policy positions and runs candidates for political office. (Lowell Barrington, 2013)
Party
Politics
Political Parties
Organizing the election
Facilitating voter choice
Recruiting candidates
Screening candidates
Organizing a complex government
Aggregating interest
Educating citizens
Ensuring accountability
Promoting civic performance
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Party Functions
The One Party or No Party Systems• A party system in which one political party controls the government and
voters have no option to choose an opposition party.One-Party Dominant Systems• A party system in which one large party direct the political system, but
small parties exist and may compete in election.The Two-Party Systems• A party system in which two main parties compete for majority control of
the government; small parties exist but play no role in national electoral outcomes
Two and a half party systems• A party system in which to large parties exist alongside a third party that
recieves a smaller but notable share of the national voteMulti-Party Systems• A party system with several important political parties, none of which
generally gains majority of the seats in the national legislature.All Party Systems• A party system in which every party will get a power-sharing based on the
achievement of results. Emerson,2012.Barrington.,2013.
Type of Political Parties
Michael Gallagher & Paul Mitchell, 2008
Electoral system
• The set of rules that structure how votes are cast at elections for a representative assembly and how these votes are then converted into seats in that assembly
• E.g. Ease of access to the ballot for would-be candidates, the right vote, the fairness of the administration of the election, the transparency of the counting of the votes.
Broad Category Specific Types
Single-Member Constituency System
Single-Member Plurality (SMP)Alternative vote (AV)Two-Round system (2SR)
Mixed System Mixed CompensatoryMixed paralel
Closed-List System -
Preferential List System Open ListFlexible List
PR-STV -
Categories of Electoral system
Michael Gallagher & Paul Mitchell, 2008
The Sultan is elected by hereditary state rulers
The Prime Minister is designated by parliament
The Senate: 44 members are appointed
by the monarch
The House of Representatives: 222 members are elected by
plurality vote
The President is elected by plurality voteThe Prime Minister is appointed by the PresidentThe Parliament: 9 members are elected by plurality vote75 members are elected through a group representation constituency 9 members are nominated by the President 9 members are appointed from a national compensatory list
EXAMPLE
M A L A Y S I A S I N G A P O R E
Consortium for Elections and Political ProcessStrengthening (CEPPS) 2012.
Consortium for Elections and Political ProcessStrengthening (CEPPS),2011.
The President is elected by absolute majority
The Regional Representative Council:132 members are elected by single non transferable vote
The House of Representatives:560 members are elected by open list proportional representation
The King is the hereditary head of stateThe Prime Minister is appointed by the monarchThe Senate:74 members are appointed and 76 members are elected by single non-transferable vote.The House of Representatives: 375 members are elected by plurality vote125 members are elected through a closed-list proportional representation
CONTINUE
I N D O N E S I A T H A I L A N D
Consortium for Elections and Political ProcessStrengthening (CEPPS), 2010.
Consortium for Elections and Political ProcessStrengthening (CEPPS), 2011
C O G N I T I V E A P P R O A C HT Y P E O F
E L E C T I O NS Y S T E M
MALAYSIA PLURALITY VOTING
SINGAPORE PLURALITY VOTING
INDONESIAPROPOTIONAL
VOTING (OPEN-List)
PROPOTIONAL VOTING
(CLOSED-list)THAILAND
Thank you
P O L I T I C A L A N D A D M I N I S T R A T I O N ( G M G G 5 1 2 4 ) :
POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTION SYSTEM