POLIO VACCINEPOLIO VACCINE

PRESENTED BY: SHASHI, 3PRESENTED BY: SHASHI, 3rdrd YEAR YEAR

CONTENTSCONTENTS

IntroductionIntroduction History of polio vaccineHistory of polio vaccine PPMAPPMA Mechanism of action of polio vaccineMechanism of action of polio vaccine Types of polio vaccinesTypes of polio vaccines Dose and administrationDose and administration ConclusionConclusion AcknowledgementAcknowledgement

Introduction

Poliomyelitis is an acute viral disease usually Poliomyelitis is an acute viral disease usually caused by a polio virus.caused by a polio virus.

A polio vaccine is a medicine that is given to A polio vaccine is a medicine that is given to prevent polioprevent polio..

Serious causes of polio includes paralysis.Serious causes of polio includes paralysis.Some may die because of Respiratory Some may die because of Respiratory

paralysis.paralysis.

History of polio vaccineHistory of polio vaccine

In 1952, the CDC estimated that there In 1952, the CDC estimated that there were over 21,000 paralytic cases of polio were over 21,000 paralytic cases of polio in the USA.in the USA.

In fact it was Enders who, in 1954, shared In fact it was Enders who, in 1954, shared the only Nobel Prize given for polio the only Nobel Prize given for polio research.research.

Is there any Is there any treatment for treatment for

poliomyelitispoliomyelitis……?……? There are no special drugs or therapies to There are no special drugs or therapies to

cure poliocure polio

• If the symptoms of polio reappears after a If the symptoms of polio reappears after a severe infection (at the age of 40 to 50 severe infection (at the age of 40 to 50 years), this phenomenon is known as years), this phenomenon is known as

“ “Post Polio Muscle Atrophy”.Post Polio Muscle Atrophy”.

• PPMA is not a reinfection or reactivation of PPMA is not a reinfection or reactivation of the virus but is probably a form of rapid the virus but is probably a form of rapid aging in polio survivors.aging in polio survivors.

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Anti-anti-idiotypeantibody

Mechanism of action of vaccine

Use anti-idiotype antibody as injectable vaccine

Antibody to anti-idiotype antibody

Binds and neutralizes virus

Anti-idiotypeantibody

Anti-anti-idiotypeantibody

Anti-anti-idiotypeantibody

Use as vaccine

Typical administration of IPV involves 2 Typical administration of IPV involves 2 doses for both infants and unvaccinated doses for both infants and unvaccinated adultsadults

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INFANTSINFANTS UNVACCINATEDUNVACCINATED ADULTSADULTS

Number of Number of injections per injections per dosedose

33 22

11st st dose dose administrationadministration

6-8 weeks of age6-8 weeks of age 2 injections at a 2 injections at a 1-2 month 1-2 month intervalinterval

22ndnd dose dose administrationadministration

4-6 months of 4-6 months of ageage

6-12 months 6-12 months laterlater

There are two general typesThere are two general types

INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE (IPV)(IPV)

ORAL POLIO VACCINE (OPV)ORAL POLIO VACCINE (OPV)

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INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE(IPV)INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE(IPV)

Synonyms for IPV vaccineSynonyms for IPV vaccinee-IPVe-IPVep-IPVep-IPVSalk vaccineSalk vaccine

IPV is a trivalent (strains 1,2,3) vaccine.IPV is a trivalent (strains 1,2,3) vaccine.

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TRIVALENT ORAL POLIO VACCINETRIVALENT ORAL POLIO VACCINE

Synonym is Sabin Vaccine, 1960.Synonym is Sabin Vaccine, 1960. It is a Live Attenuated virus vaccine.It is a Live Attenuated virus vaccine. Oral administration of vaccine yields a Oral administration of vaccine yields a

local gastro-intestinal infection.local gastro-intestinal infection. A major caution with TOPV is that it is a A major caution with TOPV is that it is a

live vaccine and must never be injected.live vaccine and must never be injected.

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Attenuated by Attenuated by passage in foreign passage in foreign hosthost (monkey kidney cells) (monkey kidney cells)

Selection to grow in new host makes Selection to grow in new host makes virusvirus

less suited to original less suited to original

hosthost

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Differences between salk and sabin Differences between salk and sabin vaccine?vaccine?

Jonas Salk developed salk Jonas Salk developed salk vaccine.vaccine.

An inoculation dead polio An inoculation dead polio virus.virus.

It is administered as an It is administered as an injection.injection.

Complete dose includes a Complete dose includes a satisfactory immune satisfactory immune response.response.

Systemic antibody Systemic antibody response.response.

Albert Sabin developed Albert Sabin developed sabin vaccine.sabin vaccine.

An inoculation of An inoculation of attenuated live polio attenuated live polio viruses.viruses.

It is administrated in oral It is administrated in oral route.route.

1or2 doses of oral vaccine 1or2 doses of oral vaccine gives 90 to 100% result.gives 90 to 100% result.

Local immunity in gut.Local immunity in gut.

ConclusionConclusion

As the disease polio cannot be cured if As the disease polio cannot be cured if once attacked, it is better to follow once attacked, it is better to follow preventive measures as it is contagious.preventive measures as it is contagious.

The vaccination is definite in case of The vaccination is definite in case of infants and children.infants and children.