Download - Poetry presentation(the elements of poetry)
PoetryGroup OneTitin Astina
Kartini TahirYunisa
Innastya Jimersita K.P.MEva Tuni RahmawatiJein Indri Palungan
Mustika MarsaniYudhi Rifandi
CHAPTER THREE
ELEMENTS OF POETRY
The Elements of PoetrySOUN
D FORM
AND STRUCTURE
METER
AND RHYTM
SOUND
RHYME
ASSONANC
E
ALLITERATIO
N
Alliteration the repetition of the same consonantal sound at frequent intervals and they are usually but not necessarily at the beginnings of words
Example:
The Ancient Mariner By Samuel T. Coleridge
The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew
The furrow followed freeWe were the first that ever burstInto that silent sea
Assonance:another kind of repeated sounds or the repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds.
Example:Each-Either
Old-MouldyLady-Baby
Deep-Tree
Rhyme:the repetition both vowel and consonant sound at the end of the word.
Example:If all be true that I do think, (a)There are five reasons we should drink, (a)Good wine, a friend, or being dry, (b)Or lest we should be by and by (b)Or any reason why (b)
Function of Rhyme
A rhyme can be a source of inspiration
Rhyme pleases most readers because it is interesting and pleasing
Appeal to the reader memory
Rhyme Schemes
Behold, we know not anything(a)
I can but trust that good shall fall(b)
At last-far off-at last to all (b)And every winter change to spring
(a)
FORM AND STRUCTURE
O, rest ye, brother mariners, we will not wander more
When read aloud, this heptameter line will sound as though it were written
O, rest ye, brother mariners,We will not wander more
FORM
Stanza Form
Fixed Form
Continuous Form
Continuous Form The elements of formal design is
slight. Without formal grouping. Example: a poetry by Walt WhitmanWHEN I HEARD THE LEARN’D
ASTRONOMERWhen I heard the learn’d astronomerWhen the proofs, the figures, were
ranged in columns before me,When I was shown the charts and
diagrams, to add, divide, and measure them,
When I sitting heard the astronomer where he lectured with much applause in the lecture-room
Stanzaic Form Writes in a series of stanzas, that is
repeated units having the same number of lines, same metrical pattern , and often an identical rhyme scheme.
Example: a poetry by Thomas GrayELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDThe curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the leaThe plowman ho meward plods his weary
wayAnd leaves the world to darkness and to me
A Fixed Form Traditional pattern that applies to a whole
poem. It has been experimented by limerick and sonnet
Example: The LimerickThere was a young lady of NigerWho smiled as she rode on a tiger;They return from the rideWith the lady inside, And the smile on the face of a tiger
There are other most common form which have been long established in English poetry., namely:
Blank Verse: or unrhymed iambic pentameter lines
Example:Tears, idle tears, I know not what they meanTears from the depth of some divine despairRise in the heart, and gather to the eyes,In looking on the happy Autumn-fields,And thinking of the days that are no more
Terza Rima a series of iambic pentameter lines rhyming aba followed by three rhyming bcb, cdc, etc.Percy Bysshe Shelley-Ode To The West Wind
O wild west wend, thou breath of Autumn’s being
Thou, from where unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghost from an enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
Each like corpse within its grave, until
Thine azure sister of the spring shall blow
Free Verse Free Verse is actually not verse at all; it is not metrical. It may be rhymed or unrhymed-most often
are rhymed It doesn’t conform to any kind of meter. Its diction, it’s liberal use of figurative
language and of symbols, and its essentially dramatic method all mark it as belonging to the great tradition of poetry
The Sonnet Must be fourteen lines in length, and it
almost always is iambic pentameneter.William WordsworthIT IS BEAUTEOUS EVENING, CALM AND FREEIt is beautious evening, calm and free,The holy time is quiet as a NunBreathless with adoration: the broad sunIs sinking down and its tranquility;The gentleness of heaven broods o’er the SeaListen the mighty Doing Is awake,….
The English or Shakespeare Sonnet
Composed of three quatrains Surrey and a concluding couplet, rhyming abab cdcd efef gg.Again there is often a correspondence between the units marked off by the rhymes and the development of the thought. The three quatrains, for instance, may present three examples and the couplet a conclusion; or they may present three metaphorical statements of one idea plus an application
METER AND RHYTHM Meter is the kind of rhythm we can tap our
foot to. In language that is metrical the accents are so arranged as to occur at apparently equal intervals of time, and it is this interval we mark of with the tap of our foot.
Rhythm implies: something is here, then it is replaced by something and then the first thing return. E.g.; the rhythm of season: winter, spring, summer, autumn. The rhythm of heavenly bodies: moon, stars, the sun.
Scansion Scansion is the act of marking a poem to
show the metrical unit of which is composed.
The smallest of this metrical units is syllable
Example:
Learned until flattery forceps alabaster
Accented/stressed
Unaccented/unstressed
FEETCombination of stressed and unstressed syllable which constitutes the recurrent rhythmic unit of line.
Iambic Unaccented-Accented Trochaic Accented-Unaccented Dactylic Accented-Unaccented-Unaccented Anapestic Unaccented-Unaccented-
Accented Spondaic Accented-Accented Phyrrhic Unaccented-Unaccented
LineA line is a succession of feet which usually begins with capital letter.
Iambic: with loads of learned lumber in his head
Trochaic: pleasant was the landscape
Dactylic: one more unfortunate
Anapestic: with his nostrils like pits full of
blood to the brim
The line is measured by naming the number of feet in it. The following names are:
Monometer : one foot Dimeter : two feet Trimeter : three feet Tetrameter : four feet Pentameter : five feet Hexameter : six feet Heptameter : seven feet Octameter : eight feet