Download - Planning and Scheduling - CPM
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Planning and Scheduling
Dr. Ir. HM. Agung Wibowo, MM, MSc
Jati Utomo Dwi Hatmoko, ST, MM, MSc, PhD
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Gantt Chart(Mawdesley, 1997)
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Linked Bar Chart(Mawdesley, 1997)
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Techniques of Scheduling
List of Activities
Bar chart / Gantt Chart
Critical Path Method (CPM)
Precedence Diagram Network (PDM)
PERT (Programme Evaluation & ReviewTechnique)
Line of Balance Method
Time Chainage Diagram (Mass HaulDiagram)
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Network
A network is a diagram showing allactivites which are needed to complete aproject and the order of which theymust be done.It therefore comprises two parts :
The activitiesSome method of displaying thetechnological logic of construction.
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Scheduling techniques
1. Bar chart (Gantt chart)2. Network Activity on Arrow (CPM - Critical Path Method)
Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM)
Activity on Node (PDMPrecedence DiagramMethod)
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Network (Mawdesley, 1997)Activity on Arrow
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Activity on Arrow (CPM - Critical Path Method)
North
base
South
base
South
stem
North
stem
North
wwalls
North
backfill
South
wwallsSouth
backfill
Deck
KerbsSurfacing
1 2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9 106 6
15
15
12
12
6
6
20
2 2
0 6
21
21
33
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21
21
60
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N & S
bases
N
stem
N
wwall
S
stem
S
wwall
S
b/fill
Deck
KerbsSur-
facing
12
15 12
15 12 6 2 21
2
3
4
5
6 20
7 9 10
0
6
activity
name
durationactivity
reference
earlieststart
earliest
finish
KEY
N
b/fill
68
12
6 21 21 33
21 36 36
33 39
48 48 54 56 58 58 60
5636
N
b/fill
68
33 39
0
6 21
21 36
26 38
38 50
36 56
50 56 56 58
50 56
58 6021
latest
start
latest
finish
50 56
12
Activity on Node
(PDMPrecedence Diagram Method)
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Project Scheduling
Steps
Define activities
Sequence activities
Estimate time /duration
Develop schedule
Excavate base
Blind base
Formwork
Reinforcement
Concrete
(4d)
(2d)
(5d)
(4d)
(1d)
Excavate base Blind base Formwork Reinforcement Concrete
4 d 2d 5d 4d 1d
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Linking Activities in the project
A B
A
B
Bar ChartActivity on the arrow
network
A B
Precedence diagram
Activity on B depends on activity A
predecessor successor
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Bar ChartActivity on the arrow
networkPrecedence diagram
AC
A
B
A
CCB B
Activity on C depends on activities A and B
Linking Activities in the project
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Bar ChartActivity on the arrow
networkPrecedence diagram
A CA
B
A C
C
B BDD D
Activity on C and D depends on activities A and B
Linking Activities in the project
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Bar ChartActivity on the arrow
networkPrecedence diagram
A C
A
B
A C
C
B BDD D
Activity on C depends on activity A and D depends on both activities A and B
Linking Activities in the project
Dummy
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Only one activity is allowed for two events
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Copyright 2006 John Wiley& Sons, Inc. 9-16
Concurrent Activities
2 3
Lay foundation
Order material
(a) Incorrect precedencerelationship
(b) Correct precedencerelationship
3
42
DummyLay
foundation
Order material
1
2 0
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Using dummies in the network
Excavate (A) Foundation (B) Wall (C)
The Project : 100 m Brickwall
Excavate (A)
Foundation (B)
Wall (C)
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A1 = Excavate base (40m)A2 = Excavate base (30m)A3 = Excavate base (30m)
B1 = Foundation (40m)
B2 = Foundation (30m)B3 = Foundation (30m)
C1 = Wall (40m)C2 = Wall (30m)C3 = Wall (30m)
Activity A(Excavate base 100m)
Activity B(Foundation 100m)
Activity C(Wall 100m)
Excavate (A)
Foundation (B)
Wall (C)
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Only one event at the start, and at the end of the network
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PM
Event i Eventj
i j
iES
jEFActivity A
Duration (d)LS LF
(ES) Early start : the earliest the event i (activity A) can start
(EF) Early finish : the earliest the event j can start or - the earliest the activity A can finish
(LS) Latest start : the latest the event i (activity A) can start without delaying the project
(LF) Latest finish : the latest the event j can start or the latest the activity A can finishwithout delaying the project
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iES
jEFActivity A
Duration (d)LS LF
(ES) Early start = EST (Early Start Time) = EETi (Early Event Time)
(EF) Early finish= EFT (Early FinishTime) = EETj (Early Event Time j)
(LS) Latest start = LST (Latest Start Time) = LETi (Latest Event Time i )
(LF) Latest finish = LFT (Latest FinishTime) = LETi (Latest Event Time j )
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Forward Pass
iES
jEFActivity A
Duration (d)
EF = ES + duration
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Backward Pass
i jActivity A
Duration (d)LS LF
LS = LF - duration
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embankmentalready
constructed
existing ground
profile
existing ground
profile
finished ground
profile
NORTH ABUTMENT SOUTH ABUTMENT
wingwalls stem
base
deck
backfill
embankmentalready
constructed
Activity Name Activity Reference Activity duration (days)
North base 1 6
South base 2 6North abutment stem 3 15
South abutment stem 4 15
North wingwalls 5 12
South wingwalls 8 12
North backfill 7 6
South backfill 6 6
Deck 9 20Kerbs 10 2
Surfacing 11 2
Resource constraint: only one set of formwork is available for
base, one set for abutment stems and one set for wingwalls
12
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Activity on Arrow (CPM - Critical Path Method)
North
base
South
base
South
stem
North
stem
North
wwalls
North
backfill
South
wwallsSouth
backfill
Deck
KerbsSurfacing
1 2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9 106 6
15
15
12
12
6
6
20
2 2
0 6
21
21
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21
21
60
FORWARD PASS
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Activity on Arrow (CPM - Critical Path Method)
North
base
South
base
South
stem
North
stem
North
wwalls
North
backfill
South
wwallsSouth
backfill
Deck
KerbsSurfacing
1 2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9 106 6
15
15
12
12
6
6
20
2 2
0 6
21
21
33
36 48 56 58 60
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21
21
60
BACKWARD PASS
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Activity on Arrow (CPM - Critical Path Method)
North
base
South
base
South
stem
North
stem
North
wwalls
North
backfill
South
wwallsSouth
backfill
Deck
KerbsSurfacing
1 2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9 106 6
15
15
12
12
6
6
20
2 2
0 6
21
21
33
36 48 56 58 60
6058565036
36
21
21
60
Free float (FF) : the maximum time an activity can be delayed without delaying any subsequent
activities that are starting at their earliest times
FF = EFjduration - ESi
iES
jEFActivity A
Duration
(d)LS LF
FF = 0TF= 0
FF =9TF=9
FF =0TF=0
FF =0TF=2
FF =2TF=2
FF =0TF =0
FF =0TF=0
FF =0TF =0
FF =17TF=17FF =0
TF=3FF = 0TF=0
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Activity on Arrow (CPM - Critical Path Method)
North
base
South
base
South
stem
North
stem
North
wwalls
North
backfill
South
wwallsSouth
backfill
Deck
KerbsSurfacing
1 2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9 106 6
15
15
12
12
6
6
20
2 2
0 6
21
21
33
36 48 56 58 60
6058565036
36
21
21
60
Total float (TF) : the maximum time an activity can be delayed without delaying the whole project
TF = LFjduration - ESi
iES
jEFActivity A
Duration
(d)LS LFThe Total float is shared by activities in the network.
FF = 0TF= 0
FF =9TF=9
FF =0TF=0
FF =0TF=2
FF =2TF=2
FF =0TF =0
FF =0TF=0
FF =0TF =0
FF =17TF=17FF =0
TF=3FF = 0TF=0
Interferent float (TF) = TF FF
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Activity
Name
Activity
Reference
Activity
duration
(days)
ES i LSi EFj LFj FF TF IF
North base 1 6
South base 2 6
North
abutment
stem
3 15
South
abutment
stem
4 15
North
wingwalls
5 12
South
wingwalls
8 12
North
backfill
7 6
South
backfill
6 6
Deck 9 20
Kerbs 10 2
Surfacing 11 2
We can use a table for this
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Critical Path
North
base
South
base
South
stem
North
stem
North
wwalls
North
backfill
South
wwallsSouth
backfill
Deck
KerbsSurfacing
1 2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9 106 6
15
15
12
12
6
6
20
2 2
0 6
21
21
33
36 48 56 58 60
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36
21
21
60
The longest path It determines the programme Any delay on the critical path means that the project will be delayed There could be > 1 critical path in the network
Path 1 = NB+SB+SS+SW+SB+K+S = 49Path2 = NB +NS+NW+NB+K+S= 43Path 3 = NB+SB+SS+D+K+S=51Path 4 = NB+NS+SS+SW+SB+K+S=58Path 5 = NB+NS+NW+SW+SB+K+S=55Path 6 = NB+NS+NW+D+K+S=57
Path 7 = NB+NS+SS+D+K+S=60 the critical path