Download - Piloting Ecosystem Accounts in Palawan
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 1WAVES © 2016
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 2WAVES © 2016
ECOSYSTEM-defined• Ecosystems are a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-
organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit
- Convention on Biological Diversity (2003). Article 2. Use of Terms
• Ecosystem may be identified at different spatial scales and are commonly nested and overlapping. Consequently, for accounting purposes, ecosystem assets are defined through the delineation of specific and mutually exclusive spatial areas
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 3WAVES © 2016WAVES © 2016
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 4WAVES © 2016
DETERIORATING CONDITION OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEM
MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM
CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM
SEAGRASS ECOSYSTEM
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 5WAVES © 2016
Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services www.wavespartnership.org
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern PalawanSP Technical Working Group
02 February 2017
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 6WAVES © 2016
Carbon sequestration $ Sediment retention
Water regulation
Crop Production $
Fishery production $
PULOT WATERSHED
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 7WAVES © 2016
Southern Palawan AccountsSouthern Palawan
Sofronio Espanola
Pulot Watershed
LAND ACCOUNT Land cover class for 2003, 2010, 2014 Land cover change matrices
CARBON ACCOUNT Carbon sequestration, carbon stock, and changes in
stocks for 2003,2010, and 2014
ECOSYSTEM CONDITION ACCOUNT Pollution loading: heavy metal concentration, TSS Coastal condition: Coral reef, seagrass, and mangrove
condition
ECOSYSTEM SERVICE SUPPLY AND USE ACCOUNT
Crop production: rice, corn, coconut and oil palm Water regulation by forest Fishery production
ECOSYSTEM ASSET ACCOUNT NPV Cropland: Irrigated paddy fields and coconut
plantations
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 8WAVES © 2016
2003 2010 2014
Closed Forest
Open ForestPerennial Crop
Key Findings 1: Land Cover Change in Southern Palawan
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 10WAVES © 2016
Key Findings 2: Southern Palawan Forests can contribute to mitigating Climate Change because they act as carbon sink• Carbon stock decreased between
2003-2010 from16 million ton C to 9.2 million ton C
• Carbon stock increased between 2010-2010 from 9.2 million ton C to 9.4 million ton C
• Carbon sequestration service is 1.9 million ton CO2 in 2014 valued at PHP2.59 Billion
(The methodology has been applied at the national scale by FMB)
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Key Findings 3: Water Provisioning and Sediment Retention ServicesAccounting Unit: Pulot Watershed
• Pulot watershed provides water to the 500 ha irrigation scheme (deficit with 40% not irrigated)
• Sedimentation is clogging up the irrigation reservoir (loss in forest would result to 745 KiloTon of sediments; 20% reduction in rice production)
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 14WAVES © 2016
Key Findings 4: Contribution of ecosystems to crop production
Analyzed are:PaddyCornCoconutOil palm
Pulot watershed shows a large increase in oil palm plantations – which has involved land conversion in upper parts of the watershed
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 15WAVES © 2016
Increase in Area of Agricultural and High Value Crops between 2010 and 2014 (in hectares)
2010 2014 Net Expansion0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
530 60878
13151,455
140
901
1316
415
Rice Coconut Oil Palm
Extent of paddy rice, coconut and oil palm plantation in 2014
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 16WAVES © 2016
Value of ecosystem services used in the production of rice, corn, coconut and oil palm
Rainfed
Rice
Irriga
ted R
ice (p
addy
-padd
y)
Irriga
ted R
ice(pa
ddy-c
orn-pa
ddy)
Cocon
ut
Oil Palm
Rainfed
Rice
Irriga
ted R
ice (p
addy
-padd
y)
Irriga
ted R
ice(pa
ddy-c
orn-pa
ddy)
Cocon
ut
Oil Palm (20,000.00)
-
20,000.00
40,000.00
60,000.00
80,000.00
100,000.00
120,000.00
140,000.00
160,000.00
180,000.00
Resource Rent
Cost of Produc-tion + Return on Fixed Capital
Php
/hec
tare
/yea
r
2014 2010
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 17WAVES © 2016
1. CORAL REEF
Coral Reef Ecosystem Condition, % Change in Live Coral Cover, Municipality of S. Espanola, Palawan, Philippines 2001 and 2010 (PCSD, 2011)
KEY FINDINGS 5: COASTAL EXTENT AND CONDITION
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 18WAVES © 2016
1. CORAL REEF
Coral Reef Ecosystem Condition, % Change in Live Coral Cover, Municipality of S. Espanola, Palawan, Philippines 2001 and 2010 (PCSD, 2011)
KEY FINDINGS 5: COASTAL EXTENT AND CONDITION
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 19WAVES © 2016
2. MANGROVE
2005 (PCSD) 2010 (NAMRIA) 2014 (NAMRIA)
EXTENT (Hectares)
1,776 1,092 1,073
VOLUME (Cubic meters)
337,053 189,652
EXTENT AND VOLUME
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 20WAVES © 2016
3. SEAGRASS
Seagrass Ecosystem Condition, % Cover, Municipality of S Espanola, Palawan, Philippines, 2001 and 2010
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 21WAVES © 2016
There are important trade-offs in ecosystem management in Palawan…
Ecosystem accounts help to make these trade-offs clear and inform decision making
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 22WAVES © 2016
Additional oil palm plantation?• Accounts provide
the basis for land use planning
• For instance, they show that in Pulot Watershed, Palawan, there is insufficient water to irrigate oil palm
Janu
ary
Februa
ryMarc
hApri
lMay
June Ju
ly
Augus
t
Septem
ber
Octobe
r
Novem
ber
Decem
ber
(2,000,000)
(1,000,000)
-
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
SurplusOil palmPaddyDomestic
Janu
ary
Februa
ryMarc
hApri
lMay
June Ju
ly
Augus
t
Septem
ber
Octobe
r
Novem
ber
Decem
ber
(2,000,000)
(1,000,000)
-
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
SurplusOil palmPaddyDomestic
Normal rainfall
Dry year (2006)
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 23WAVES © 2016
A scenario analysis was done to assess the impact of coral reef degradation on fisheries
• Fishing effort Coral reef condition (% live coral)
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015
2018
2021
2024
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
Fishing effort (Horsepower boats)
fishing effort
20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013 -
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 24WAVES © 2016
Forecast fish harvests Palawan
• Coral reef destruction (dynamite and cyanide) will lead to loss of fisheries of coral dependent species by ~ 2030 even with increasing fishing efforts
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
2026
2028
2030
2032
2034
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000Fish harvest 8 species, Palawan
ModeledData (PSA)
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 25WAVES © 2016
Decline of mangrove forests was attributed to their use for other purposes due to the issuance of policy instruments such as private titles (based on cadastral survey), CLOAs, CADC, and etc.
Certain mangrove areas have also been converted into fishponds
Provide information to review implementation of national and local land use policies
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 26WAVES © 2016
Carbon sequestration PHP2.59 Billion (2014)
Sediment retention 745 KiloTons/yr (2014)
Water regulation
Crop Production (Resource Rent)PHP35 Million/ha/yr (2014)
Fishery production(Resource Rent) PHP70 Million/yr (2015)
PULOT WATERSHED
Ecosystem Accounts for Southern Palawan 27WAVES © 2016
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MARAMING SALAMAT!