Download - Physio Report Shela
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Respiratory Control System
Sensors Efect
Central Controller
Input
Brainstem: Pons, Medulla and other partso the brain
RespiraMusc
Chemoreceptors,un!s and other
receptors
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Re!ulation o Breathin! in the
VOLUNTARY SYSTEM/CONTROL AUTOMATIC SYSTEM/CO
ocated in the cerebral corte#
Sends impulses to the respiratory motorneurons $ia the cortico spinal tracts
ocated in the pons and med
Motor out%o& rom this systerespiratory motor neurons lolateral and $entral portions ocord
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CE"'R( CO"'ROERAUTOMATIC CONTROL VOLUNTARY
ME)*(R+ RESPIR('OR+CE"'ER
ocated in the Reticularormation o the Medulla
PO"'I"E RESPIR('OR+ CE"'ER CEREBR(
)orsalRespiratory.roup /)R.0
1entralRespiratory.roup /1R.0
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)orsal Respiratory .roup /)R.02Inspiratory Cen .roup o Cells located in the )orsal re!ion o Medulla,primarily responsible or inspiration and !enerates thebasic rhythm or breathin!3
Input to the dorsal respiratory !roup comes rom the$a!us and !lossopharyn!eal ner$es3 'he $a!us ner$erelays inormation rom peripheral chemoreceptorsand mechanoreceptors in the lun!3 'he!lossopharyn!eal ner$e relays inormation romperipheral chemoreceptors3
Output rom the dorsal respiratory !roup tra$els, $iathe phrenic ner$e, to the diaphra!m3
Contains Inspiratory neurons that inner$ates the)iaphra!m and E#ternal Intercostals $ia the phrenicner$e3 'hese neurons are dischar!ed durin!inspiration and stop dischar!in! durin! e#piration/Respiratory Rhythm !enerator0
.enerates Inspiratory Ramp Si!nal
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Inspiratory Ramp Si!nal
( si!nal !enerated by the )R.
'ransmitted to the inspiratory muscles
/diaphra!m0 It initiates inspiration &ith a &ea4 burst o
action potentials that !radually increase inamplitude, then ceases or the ne#t 5 secondsuntil a ne& cycle be!ins
6ramp si!nal7 8 causes a steady increase inthe $olume o the lun!s durin! inspiration,
rather than inspiratory !asps
Controls:
90 'he rate o increase o the ramp si!nal
0 'he limitin! point at &hich the rampsuddenly ceases
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1entral Respiratory .roup /1R.0
(nterolateral to )R.
)o not appear to participate in the basicrhythmical oscillation
Increased respiratory dri$e
Both inspiration and e#piration /abdominalmuscles0
Inacti$e durin! normal ;uiet respiration
(cti$ated durin! hea$y breathin!< e3!3 e#ercise
)urin! such conditions, the increased acti$ityo inspiratory neurons acti$ates the 1R.
In turn, the acti$ated 1R. dischar!e:
=inhibitsinspiratory !roup
= stimulatesthe muscles o e#piration< internalintercostals /'>=50, abdominal recti /'?=50
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(pneustic Center
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Pneumota#ic Center
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CE"'R( CO"'ROERAUTOMATIC CONTROL VOLUNTARY
ME)*(R+ RESPIR('OR+CE"'ER
ocated in the Reticularormation o the Medulla
PO"'I"E RESPIR('OR+ CE"'ER CEREBR(
)orsalRespiratory.roup /)R.0
1entralRespiratory.roup /1R.0
(pneustic Center ocated in
o&er Pons
Pneumota#icCenter ocated in
*pper Pons
Can o$erride thBrainstem &ithhypo$entilationhyper$entilatio
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EEC'ORS
M*SCE ORESPIR('IO":
o)iaphra!m
oIntercostal Muscles
o
(bdominal Muscleso(ccessory Muscles
/e3!3Sternocleidomastoids0
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SE"SORSCENTRAL
CHEMORECEPTORS
PERIPHERAL
CHEMORECEPTORS
LUNG AND
RECEPT
ocated near the 1entralsurace o the Medulla /inthe $icinity o the e#it oAthand 9thner$es0
Responds to chan!es inp o the EC2CS &henCO difuses out ocerebral capillaries
un! Receptors Pulmonary St
Receptors Irritant Recep @3 ReceptorsOthers /Outside "ose and *pp
Receptors
@oint and MusReceptors .amma Syste (rterial Baror Pain and 'em
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Central Chemoreceptors
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SE"SORSCENTRAL
CHEMORECEPTORS
PERIPHERAL
CHEMORECEPTORS
LUNG AND
RECEPT
ocated near the 1entralsurace o the Medulla /inthe $icinity o the e#it oAthand 9thner$es0
Responds to chan!es inp o the EC2CS &henCO difuses out ocerebral capillaries
ocated in the Carotidand (ortic bodies Responds to decreased
arterial PO, IncreasedPCO and D
Responds rapidly
un! Receptors Pulmonary St
Receptors Irritant Recep @3 ReceptorsOthers /Outside "ose and *pp
Receptors
@oint and MusReceptors .amma Syste (rterial Baror Pain and 'em
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Pertinent abs:
ABG CBC
p 35 !b
pO ct
pCO FF GBC
CO5 A3 Se!
BE 53? ymph
O sat AH PC
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Central Chemoreceptors
Peripheral Chemoreceptors