Download - Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) Hybrid Systems · 2018. 12. 17. · Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) Hybrid Systems State-of-the-art technology, challenges and opportunities Prof.dr.ir. Emilia

Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T)Hybrid SystemsState-of-the-art technology, challengesand opportunities

Prof.dr.ir. Emilia Motoasca

PhD res. Clément de la Fontaine

PhD res. Baptist Vermeulen

Faculty of Engineering Technology

Ghent Technology campus

18. 10. 2018

University of Picardie Jules Vernes, Amiens

• PV/T in the energy context

• PV/T technology: state-of-the-art

• Typical PV/T applications

• Performance PV/T vs PV + T systems

• PV/T uptake: challenges and opportunities

• Future research on PV/T

• Conclusions

Content

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Ghent Technology Campus

Faculty of Engineering Technology2







• Conclusions

Content

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Global energy: a roadmap to 2050?

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Source: IRENA 2018 ‘Global energy transformation: A roadmap to 2050’

Energy final use in buildings

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Source: World building final energy consumption by

end-use in 2010, IEA (2013).

Final energy consumption: EU-28, 2016

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EUROSTAT: Final energy consumption in the residential sector by type of

end-uses for the main energy products, EU-28, 2016

The potential of solar thermal by 2050

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Source: IRENA, Global Energy Transformation 2018

EU target of 1 m2 of solar-thermal installations per person







• Conclusions

Content

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PV/T: working principle

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PV-array Solar thermal collectors

Water-based PV/T systems

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Source: Abdelrazik et.al, 2017

Flat-plate water collector

Water collector with a jet collision systemSource: H.A. Hasan et.al, 2018

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Refrigerant based PV/T system

Refrigerant-based PV/T systems

Air-based PV/T systems

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Honeycomb heat exchanger V-groove heat exchanger

Photovoltaic moduleV-groove heat

exchanger

Aluminium sheetHeat insulatorAluminium sheet Heat insulator

Two-passes heat exchanger with fins

Air-based PV(T) system for space heating

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Bulding Integrated PV/T system (BIPVT) for space heating

Source : Agrawal et. al, 2010

(Fan)

Phase Change Materials (PCM) PV/T

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Source: Maria C. Browne et. al, 2015

PCM can store large amounts of

energy at a constant temperature :Different topologies of PV-PCM panels :

Source: Joshi et. al, 2018

Concentrated (C) PV/T

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Source: Joshi et. al, 2018

CPVT with compound parabolic

concentrators and triangular channel

receiver

CPVT with parabolic trough and

bifacial PV

Source: Solarus product datasheet

Types of glazing systems on PV/T

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Single-layer glazing multi-layer glazing

YES because

• Allows a cooling channel

above the PV cells

• Allows a spectral filtering

before solar radiation hits

the PV cells

• Enhances the thermal

performance

• Protects the PV cells from

environmental influences

NO because

• Of optical absorption in the

glazing glass layers

• Results in more expensive

panels due to the glazing

materials

Glazing systems

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• Conclusions

Content

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Water-based PV/T for domestic use

19

Target water temperature range: 40 to 65 °C

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Source: Pakere et.al. 2018

Water-based PV/T for district/industrial heating

Target water temperature range: 40 to 115 °C







• Conclusions

Content

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22

Evaluation

PV/T

PV + T(hermal)

vs

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Theoretical evaluation of performance: PV+T vs PV/T

23

1 m²

PV

1 m²

T

1 m²

PV/T

PPV = 190 Wp/m²

CPV = 1.22 €/Wp

PT = 856 W/m²

CT = 0.47 €/W

PPV/T = Ptherm + Pelec = 591 W/m²

CPV/T = 0.93 €/W

From the values

of datasheets

With

P =

Total power outputof the collector

Collector gross area

C = Collector price

Total power outputof the collector

@ STC conditions

G = 1000 W/m²

T cells = 25 °C

AM1.5 spectrum

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PV and T collectors cannot be stacked on the same surface

PV/T: installed power and installation costs

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PPV/T = 591 Wp/m²

CPV/T = 0.93 €/W

• Roof surface optimization

• Simultaneous electrical and thermal

power production

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PPV = 190 Wp/m²

CPV = 1.22 €/Wp

PT = 856 W/m²

CT = 0.47 €/W

Can PV/T power production be higher than power production of a PV+T combination?

S = 100 m²

?

Highest

harvested

power

PV T PV/T

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26

X %

PV

(100-X) %

T100 %

PV/T

X * S * PPV (1-X) * S * PT

PPV+T;totPPV/T;tot

S * PPV/T

<

YES, if X > 40 %

Can PV/T power production be higher than power production of a PV+T combination?

PPV = 190 Wp/m²

PT = 856 W/m²

PPV/T = 591 Wp/m²

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Power yield: PV+T vs PV/T

27

150

250

350

450

550

650

750

850

950

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100Ava

ilab

le p

ow

er

pe

r su

rfa

ce

un

it (

W/m

²)

X (% PV)

Power performance of PV+T vs. PV/T

Peak power per surface unitWp/m² PV next to T

Peak power per surface unitWp/m² PV/T

PV/T systems with

better power

performance

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X %

PV

(100-X) %

T100 %

PV/T

X * CPV (1-X) * CT

CPV+T tot CPV/T tot

CPV/T

<

YES, if X > 60 %

Costs PV/T lower than PV+T ?

CPV = 1.22 €/Wp

CT = 0.47 €/W CPV/T = 0.93 €/W

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0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100Pri

ce

pe

r p

er

pro

du

ce

dp

ow

er

un

it (

EU

R/W

)

X (% - PV)

Collector costs PV+T vs. PV/T

Power cost€/W PV next to T

Power cost€/W PV/T

Costs PV/T lower than PV+T ?

29

X > 60%

Better PV/T

collector costs

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• Conclusions

Content

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Lower PV/T collector

price (€/kW)

PV/T uptake: challenges

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Increase thermal

efficiency of PV/T

Make PV/T

more popular

Are these actually opportunities not challenges?

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Challenge 1: how to make PV/T cheaper (affordable)?

32

More companies on the market?

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Pelec = 12.3 kW Pelec = 19 kW Pther = 85.6 kW

Challenge 2: how to increase thermal(and overal) efficiency of PV/T?

33

65 m²

PV

35 m²

T100 m²

PV/T

Pther = 30.0 kW

Pther / Pelec = 2.43 Pther / Pelec = 4.5.

This ratio is not adaptable, and

may not suit the power needs.

Pther / Pelec ratio if X=65% PV

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Challenge 3: how to make PV/T more popular?

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• Demonstration projects (SOLARISE, …)

• Instruct (hands-on trainings) the local installers

• Show PV/T state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

solutions to general public, students, etc.

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How to enhance the reliability of PV/T-systems?

• Early detection of possible PV/T failures

• Increasing PV/T-panels lifetime by better materials/design

Other challenges for the PV/T uptake

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PV panels 25-year performance warranty

T panels 10-year product warranty

PV/T panels25-year PV performance warranty

10-year product warranty

Best warranty durations on the market

Limit

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• Conclusions

Content

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37

1000 W/m²

Electrical

Power

Output

Thermal

Power

Output

Elec. Eff. = 𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫20 %

Therm. Eff. = 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫80 %

100 %

Definition of the yield of PV/T panels

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EN

12975

IEC

61215

?

38

1000 W/m²

Heat losses

Heat losses

Electrical

Power

Output

Thermal

Power

Output

Transmitted

thermal

power

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Energy flow in a water-based PV/T panel

Research questions related to the yield of PV/T panels :

• How to define the overall efficiency of a PV/T panel?

• A standard unified norm for PV/T performance assessment is

needed: currently the PV and T parts are tested separately in

accordance to two norms (PV and T-collectors)

Future research on PV/T: yield

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Measure and model state-of-the-art PV/T technology:

• Beam-splitting PV/T

• Evacuated tubes PV/T

• Use of Fully-Graded Materials heat absorbers

Future research on PV/T: metrology enhanced modeling

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Beam-splitting PV/T (BSPVT)

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UV VIS NIR IR

10 380 700 3000 106

Wavelength (nm)

VIS NIR

Solar cells frequency

response range

HEAT

Solar radiation

Filtered radiation

Liquid spectrum filter

(static)

Solar cells

Possible liquids: silicon oil, therminol, nanofluids, …

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42

UV VIS NIR

10 380 700 1125 2500

Wavelength (nm)

Solar cells frequency response range

Liquid spectrum filter

Coconut oil

Silicon oil

Water

Absorbance

3

5

10

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Beam-splitting PV/T (BSPVT)

Evacuated tubes PV/T collectors

43

PV cells

Water circuit under

the PV cells

Vacuum

Electrical Power

Cold waterinlet

Hot water outlet

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Fully-Graded Materials (FGM) forabsorbers

44

➢ Higher thermal conductivity

➢ Light-weight

➢ But longer production process

Heat absorber

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Conclusion:

45

Strengths

• Simultaneous, direct thermal and electrical power

• Better PV performance due to fluid cooling

• Suitable for users with increased thermal needs

Weaknesses

• Higher price (W/m2) than PV+T

• Heavier than PV panels

• Thermal/electrical power ratio is not adaptable

Opportunities

• New state-of-the-art technologies

• EU 1 m2 solar thermal per capita to be reached

• Consumers are more interested to directly use

thermal energy (easy to store as warm water)

Threats

• Few manufacturers on the market

• Bad examples (not performing systems/tech)

eavier than PV panels

Why PV/T?

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Thank you for your attention

Questions?

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Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) Hybrid SystemsState-of-the-art technology, challenges and opportunities

For more information

Prof.dr.ir. Emilia Motoasca [email protected]

PhD res. Clément de la Fontaine [email protected]

PhD res. Baptist Vermeulen [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Download - Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) Hybrid Systems · 2018. 12. 17. · Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) Hybrid Systems State-of-the-art technology, challenges and opportunities Prof.dr.ir. Emilia

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