Photonics systems roadmap www.isa.se 1
Photonics Systems Roadmap 2005-2010June 2005Örjan Mattsson
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Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e, b
itra
texd
ista
nce Optical: 9 month
Storage 12 month
Silicon: 18 month(Moore’s Law)
Time to Double
Photonics Systems Earlier primarily technology driven
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ASON?
DIG MUX
PROTECTION
ADM
DXC
OEDNG SDH
D/CWDM
OxcROADM
PDH 1980> SDH 1990> Next Gen 2000> 2010>
AutomaticSwitchedOpt. Ntwk
Point-to-Point Networking Datacentric Dynamic
SDHPDH
ASON?
Photonics Systems Hierarchies
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General Trends
Data becoming the dominating traffic type Multiservice network based on IP Fast expansion of broadband subscribers The convergence between fixed and mobile The open network concept
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2000Year
Volume
Voice 5%
DataInternet +70%
Non IP +30%
But revenues per bit are falling with 50% a yearBut revenues per bit are falling with 50% a year
Traffic type and yearly growthToday doubling in capacity every 18 months, earlier 5-10 years !
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TRIPLE PLAY
MultiService Network
TRIPLE PLAY
MultiService Network
PSTNTELEPHONY
CATVTV
FIBER LANINTERNET
Internet,IP-TV Internet, VoIP IPTV, VoIP DSL Modem
Multiservice network all IP based, extending Internet access to Triple Play service
Strong competition between different access providers/operators as PTT (DSL), CATV (modem) and greenfielders (fiber, radio). DSL will run into speed problems.
PTT starts to support FTTx, Japan installs more fiber than ADSL. Korea next generation access 100 Mb/s FTTx. Verizon invests 10-20 BUSD in a coming 10-20 years period
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The Converged Multiservice Broadband Network
DATADATADATADATA
IMAGEIMAGEIMAGEIMAGEVOICEVOICEVOICEVOICE
Multimedia Multimedia over IPover IP
IETF (Internet) IEEE (Ethernet, WLAN)
ITU-T (Telecom) DVB ( TV distr.)
Lack of common standards
Triple Play
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Broadband Subscribers growthBroadband defined as more than ISDN and “ Always On”
Source: Point Topic,
2003 2004
ADSL 60 96
Cable 36 49
Fiber 2 3
Tot 100 150
Mlines
Broadband subscribers growth 50%, makes it the fastest growing in telecom sector
Traffic volume per subscriber have similar growth, i.e. doubling in total traffic Asia 43% share of broadband lines, America 29% and Europe 28% South Korea leading in penetration, 24,8 lines per 100 people, Sweden 14,4
lines corresponding to more than 30% of the households Fiber has significant contribution in, Italy, Sweden, Japan, South Korea, China
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MULTI-SERVICE IPbased
MULTI-SERVICE IPbased
PSTNTELEPHONY
CATVTV
FIBER, WLANINTERNET
xDSLInternet
Cable ModemInternet
IP-telephony IPTV
MSTNMOBILE TELEPHONY
Mobile InternetDVB-H, DMB
Step 1: Common services and service platformsStep 2: Roaming with session continuity, always best connectedStep 2: Common core and metro aggregation ntwk, separate access
The Converged MultiserviceFixed and mobile Network
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The Open Network – The Multi Operator Network
Service-providers
End Users
Det öppna nätetThe Open Network
All Service Providers can reach and be reached by all End Users
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Application and Services in the Multiservice Broadband network
Private Sector Internet access, 10 Mb/s-> 100 Mb/s IP telephony, picture phone IP-TV and VoD, SDTV/ HDTV 5/20Mb/s Real time access to work environment Interactive games, 10 Mb/s + Public services
Enterprise Sector LAN interconnect, GbE and MbE ATM, connection oriented packet service VPN, Virtual Private Network layer1/ 2 / 3 Storage network, Ficon,Escon, Fiber Ch. SIP based communication VoIP, video,.. Video Conference QoS, N x Mb/s
Public Sector E-government services, QoS as triple play E- health, E-education VPN networks for public authorities Local Information channel Enterprise sector services
Network Services VPN tunnels IPv6, IP sec Peering Peer-to-peer ( file sharing) Nomadic access
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Energy
monitoring
Video- konference
Alarme
Lock
Laundrybo
oking
Real Estate services
Ethernet
HDTVHome station
Set Top Box
100 Mb/s sym.
SM, MM,Cat5
O/E IP
TV
Computers
Telephone
InteractiveGaming
2x20 Mb/s
TV-channels +VoD services
TriplePlay
10-50 Mb/s
2x5 Mb/s
The broadband connected household
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Metro/Regio-nal Network
Core Optical Network
Network Trends The future network will be based on IP/ packet aiming at
convergence and layer reduction, simplification and flexibility.
It is a multiservice network handling best effort traffic, QoS data and legacy services. Still open issues how to do it.
Ethernet, due to its low cost ,is migrating into public domain but lacks today carrier class transport properties
Next Gen Optical Products can handle both packet and TDM traffic and can interact with legacy equipment and network
Intelligence in the optical layer will allow remote network configuration. A common control plane with the IP layer will enable automated switched network ASON/ GMPLS
Optical transparency to reduce the need of O-E-O conversions
BroadbandAccess
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Enter-priseAccess
Access network: Critical regarding capex as every cost is per subscriber but well defined from user and service perspective.
Metro access: Multiarchitecture challenge. Aggregation of all subscriber services with different QoS to multioperators and multiservices core network
Transport mainly handled by OED:s, sometimes CWDM is added.Core network: Architectural issues including interoperability in the metro core, where mainly
NG-SDH/ SDH and DWDM with (R)OADM are used. Technological challenges in the backbone network with ”fat” pipes of DWDM
and higher order SDH. Grooming and switching in OXC.
MetroAccess
Metro Access
ANENENAN
AN
BackboneCoreXC
MetroCore
XC Cross ConnectEN Edge NodeAN Access Node
ResidentialAccess
ResidentialAccessAN
DSL,CableFiber, Radio
OED
Simplified view of the fixed network
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I P ( MPLS)
Ethernet ATM FR
Ethernet SDH Opto
Lambda
3
2
1
0.5
OSI layered network
Ethernet
GFP GFP
Ethernet
VC
STM OTN
ODUOH OH FEC
SDH (G 707) OTN ( G709)
IETF
ITU-TITU-T
Two important set of standards to more efficient handle data traffic
MPLS, label switching Circuit oriented packet switching Traffic engineering (protection,..) Traffic separation (VPN
tunnelling) Basis for GMPLS
GFP, Generic Framing Procedure Standard mapping of data into frames
OTN, Optical Transport Network New frame structure, parallel with SDH Direct mapping of data on wavelength
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Switching and Transparency
2 3
GMPLS
1
2
3
1
4
OXC
Dynamic handling of network resources ITU-T has defined an architecture for ASON, Automatic Switched Optical network IETF has extended MPLS to GMPLS( Generalized)
and defined a common control for layer 3-1 incl. lambda
That way traffic engineering, layer optimization, protection switching can be handled over all layers
Dynamic handling of optical resources By introducing OXC and ROADM in the network remote
control of the optical layer can be achieved and if controlled by GMPLS extended to layer 2 and 3
Optical transparency means dynamic handling in the optical domain . By avoiding unnecessary O-E-O conversions substantial capex can be saved.
50-80% of Internet node traffic is typically pass-through
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AON PON
P2P 1-f APON VDSL CAT5E ADSLEPON similar as P2P
PlanningInstallationActive eqtPassive eqt
Urban Areas
Fiber Access
FTTx where x can be H (home), B (basement), C (curb) or N (neighborhood)
Singel or multimode fiber, trend SM, one or two fibers
AON ( PtP) or PON (PtMP), Europe AON, US and Asia PON. PON lower cost, AON is more flexible
FTTx systems are today quite competitive in urban areas
Fixed radio access alternative in rural areas FWA, TDD and Wimax
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FE/ GbE
STM 1-64
ETD
NG-SDHFE/ GbEE1 / E3
Escon,FiconSTM 1-4
Client side Server side
TDM MUXSwitch L2/ L3Circuit Emul.CWDM
Big family of products from simple media converters to boxes having integrated switching, routing and CWDM functionality
ETD, Ethernet Transport Devices Ethernet transport still an issue. No carrier class standard exist today,
proprietary OAM (Operation & Maintenance) ETD mainly used in metro aggregation and at enterprise premises
NG- SDH, Next generation SDH Use of GFP to map Ethernet into SDH frames Using all transport features of SDH, can interoperate with legacy SDH NG-SDH is used in Metro access and core networks, rings and mesh
Optical Edge Devices, OEDMulti-Service Provisioning Platform, MSPP
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Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
DEMUX
(R)-OADM
Transponder
EDFA
FiberMUX DEMUX
MUX
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
DEMUX
(R)-OADM(R)-OADM
Transponder
EDFA
FiberMUX DEMUX
MUX
WDM First generation WDM was used for fiber ”multiplication” of SDH State of art long haul DWDM today is 80+80 (C+L band) channels, each 10 Gb/s i.e 1.6 Tb/s.
Repeater distance 400 km, regeneration 6000 km ! OTN standardization and lower transponder cost has opened up Metro applications where WDM
also can be used to separate services Two versions, DWDM (Dense) 80 channels and CWDM (Coarse) 8 ch
OADM OADM:s are used to create multinode networks, often ring based ROADM (reconfigurable) will be introduced in the future to achieve dynamic network, faster
provisioning and automated restoration
WDM system and (R)-OADM
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OXC, Optical Cross Connect
AggrAggr
TRxTRx
SDHSDH
SDHSDH
EthEth
AggrAggr
Wavelength switching
SDH 155M switching
AggrAggr
TRxTRx
SDHSDH
SDHSDH
EthEth
AggrAggr
OOO
OEO
ROADM
Three different types of OXC exist, OOO, OEO and combined
OOO is an optical or electrical based switch fabrics performing wavelength switching
OEO is an electrical switch providing grooming and switching (STM 155) including ethernet mapping
OXC as network component is handling the bandwidth management, network and platform consolidation
By common control plane remotely controlled a dynamic network is established controlled by OXC. OOO will extend that to wavelength level
For smaller applications ROADM, reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer, is used instead of OXC
Both OOO optical switch fabrics and ROADM are based on immature and expensive technologies but that will improve over the coming years
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Optical Networking Market
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Market Outlook and Trends
Photonics System Market finally has turned around, 15 % increase in 2004
but still conservative forecast for next 5 years. Compare with 30 BUSD in bubble year 2001!
Next generation products constitute 60% of the market and Metro access network is the fastest growing segment
OED:s 40 % of the market, the majority being NG-SDH OXC market share dropped to 5 % but will recover and take over DXC:s 10% ROADM:s will overtake the OADM market share of 20% the coming 5 years Metro WDM market share around 10%, growing with 15% per year Long haul DWDM market is about 10 % and quite flat
Access systems (data) Total market 2004 was 8 BUSD split between DSL, Cable modem, FTTx and access routers
and switches
+10% per year
2004 2010
Revenue
10BUSD
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Components and Technology
Modules - Mechanically standardized Tx/Rx modules
up to 10 Gb/s direct pluggable - Tunable lasers not yet a mature technology
- OEIC in InGaAsP far away commercially
but integration is necessary for 100 Gb/s - VCEL lasers interesting due to better yield
but still a challenge for 1.3 and 1.55
Passive components - Fibergitter is established today as filter
technology for WDM. - Tunable filters for ROADM:s costly today,
will improve the coming years - Optical cross connect technologies as
MEMS and X-switches have reliability issues - Dispersion compensation is based on fiber
today but growing interest for gitter due to smaller dimension
Optical Amplifiers EDFA dominating type. Big inventories have
reduced development interest but now more focus on metro and access market
Raman amplifier has issues with safety etc EDWA potentially a very low cost device but
requires substantial development SOA, suffering from performance issues
Technology The overall issues with optical technology
are size,low integration, lack of memory and processing capability
Merits are speed, attenuation and sensitivity Photonic Crystals new area which can offer
high Q filters, negative refraction index ! Metallic Optics future potential for integrated
optics, even memory chips but long way to go
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The Swedish position, Market
The ”IT for all” program 1999 initiated a massive fiber built out and creation of more than 200 public owned city networks
From a position as one of the leaders in broadband Sweden has lost some momentum but still high percentage of fiber access
Strong competition today between Telia (ADSL), B2, Cable TV operators and the city networks, totally 20 national and 59 regional operators
Lowest Internet access prices in Europe and a clear trend to offer triple play but market needs consolidation
Most city networks follow the open network concept, growing interest in other countries
Technology Distribution in Sweden
xDSL61%
Cable20%
Fiber/LAN18%
Other1%
Broadband Subscriptions in Sweden,
Q3 2004
TeliaSonera; 36%
B2/Bostream; 26%
Glocalnet; 3%
Spray (incl Tiscali); 4%
UPC; 7%
com hem; 12%
Tele2; 3%
Others; 9%
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FTTH in EuropeConcentrated in 4 countries (Sweden, Italy, Denmark and the Netherlands)
Source: IDATE
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The Swedish position, industry Earlier strong position in photonics due to successful collaboration betweenEricsson, Telia , universities and institutes. Today much more fragmented picture
System vendors Ericsson, Own development in broadband
access but sourcing optical transport products. Ericsson strategy for convergence and BB growth?
Packet Front, Broadband access systems with provisioning for multiservice as key feature. Very fast growing, founders from B2 and Cisco
Transmode (Lumentis), D/CWDM systems, No. 2 worldwide CWDM. Metro WDM applications with built in OXC. Founders from Ericsson
Net insight.NG-SDH product based on DTM offering TDM multicasting. Strong in video transport. Founders from Ericsson and KTH
Wavium, OXC lambda switch based on electrical core with a powerful management system. Recently restructured, founders from Telia
Modules, components Zarlink, strong in VCEL Northligh active in
transmitters and EDFA and Proximion focusing on fiber gitter for dispersion compensation the only vendors with some size.
Examples on small start ups PhoXtal( diplexer and bistable ROADM switch), InvOpto (low power,small size optical links), Cernolux(T-OADM), Accilon (polari- and spectro meter) and Syntune (tunable lasers).
They need marketing support to reach the global market as no ” Ericsson” exists
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The Swedish position, Research The Swedish research in Photonics is mainly concentrated to
three organizations, Acreo, KTH and Chalmers High international class in respective special areas but ongoing
struggle with financing
Acreo, research institute located in Kista, photonics and opticalnetworking, and in Hudiksvall, fiber research. Most of the research inPhotonics is done together with KTH in their JV KPRC (Kista Photonics Research Center).Acreo is operating the national test bed located in Hudiksvall (metro access) and in Stockholm (metro core) and a high speed link in between.The test bed with real test pilots is a meeting place for the different actorsas vendors, operators, service provider. It is part of three BB EU projects.
KTH and KPRC is strong in high speed modulators, laser technology,gratings, packaging and photonic crystals and quantum optics
Chalmers has its main focus in high speed modulation,polarization mode dispersion and lasers and work closely withits microtechnology lab.
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Summary
Due to Internet the traffic volume is growing with almost doubling every year and at the same time price per bit is falling dramatically.
To meet this challenge operators are introducing ”next generation IP based network”, handling best effort, QoS data and legacy services.
It is supported by next generation photonics systems, optimized for data traffic and offering dynamic, optical transparency and switching
The number of broadband subscribers are growing with impressive 50% per year. Triple play i.e. convergence between tele, data and media will increase access speed and support fiber access built
Sweden is a mature IT nation willing to explore the broadband society. We have still competence in photonics, both system and research and maybe the rapid growth in the broadband sector and the convergence between fixed and mobile can improve the situation and create a new interest for broadband and photonics. The market has just started!