Download - PGCC CHM 101 Sinex Predicting and Understanding the Behavior of Molecules Molecular Polarity
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PGCC CHM 101 Sinex
Predicting and Understanding the Behavior of Molecules
Molecular Polarity
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Molecular Polarity - How?Lewis dot structure geometry bond polarity (EN) and lone pairs how is the charge distribution – symmetrical or asymmetrical?
Electrostatic potential map using Chime
N2 HCl
Spartan 02Chime activity - Click here
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Molecular Polarity - Why?Interactions with other molecules and
physical properties such as boiling point, surface tension, and solubility
Intramolecular interactions – within molecule such as proteins
Reaction mechanisms – where attacked
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An experimental measurement
The dipole moment, , is given by
= Qd
where Q is the charge and
d is the separation distance of the charge
The unit is the debye, D.
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Measurement: Dipole Moment
- +
No voltage applied on metal plates
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Measurement: Dipole Moment +-
- +
Voltage applied on metal plates
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Dipole Moments
Hydrogen Halide EN
Bond length (pm) (D)
HF 1.9 92 1.82
HCl 0.8 127 1.08
HBr 0.6 141 0.82
HI 0.3 161 0.44Incr
easi
ng p
ola
rity
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Dichloromethane, CH2Cl2
calc = 1.50 D
Spartan 02
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Ammonia, NH3
Spartan 02
calc = 1.85 D
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A square planar complex - Pt(NH3)2Cl2
Polar orNon-polar
Cl-Pt-Cl = 101.4o
Cl-Pt-N = 80o
polar
Non-polarSpartan 02
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Polar or non-polar molecules?
CCl2F2 HCN
SCl4F2 ICl3
BCl3 BrCl