Download - PEShare.co.uk Shared Resource
BTEC Level 2: Sport – Extended Certificate
Unit 4
Anatomy & Physiology for Sport
P1 – Describe the structure and function of the skeletal system
Structure and Function of the Human Skeleton
Major functions
Support:
Movement:
Protection:
Blood Production:
Mineral storage:
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Differences between the male and female skeleton
There are five types of bones in the human body: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid.
Describe each in the space below and give examples in the human body.
Long bones:
Short bones:
Flat bones:
Irregular bones:
Sesamoid bones:
Describe the gross anatomy and cellular structure of bone:
P2 – Describe the different classifications of joints
Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
Describe the 6 types of synovial joints and explain the movement available at each joint
Joint Type Example(s) Description of the joint Sporting example
Ball and Socket
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Gliding
M1 – Explain the movements occurring at two synovial joints during 4 different types of activity
D1 - analyse the musculoskeletal actions occurring at four synovial joints during four different types of physical activity
Activity Synovial Joints Actions (M1) Muscular Action (D1)
Hip
Knee
Elbow
Ankle
Hip
Knee
Elbow
Shoulder
Hip
Knee
Elbow
Ankle
Shoulder
Elbow
Knee
Ankle
P3 – Identify the location of the major muscles in the human body
P4 – Describe / Explain / Analyse the types and function of muscle tissue in the body
Cardiac
Smooth
Striated / Skeletal
Structure and function
Structure and function
Structure and function
Muscle Fibres
there are three different types of skeletal muscle in humans the most important characteristics to distinguish between the three types are:
1. force of the contraction2. speed of the contraction3. endurance
Describe the characteristics of each fibre type and give an example of when it would be used in sport:
Slow Twitch (Type I)
Fast Twitch (Type IIa)
Fast Twitch (Type IIb)
M2 – give examples of three different types of muscular contraction relating to three different types of physical activity
Isotonic Isometric Isokinetic
P5 – Describe the structure and function of the Cardiovascular system
Name Description / Explanation of Function1. Aortic arch
2. Superior vena cava
3. Pulmonary vein
4. Pulmonary artery (R)
5. Right atrium
6. Tricuspid Valve
7. Right ventricle
8. Inferior vena cava
9. Pulmonary artery (L)
10. Pulmonary vein
11. Left atrium
12. Bicuspid Valve
13. Aortic Valve
14. Left ventricle
15. Descending aorta
Diagram of heart anatomy
Red indicates oxygenated blood flow
Blue indicates deoxygenated blood flow
Structure and function of blood vessels
The main functions of the circulatory system can be explained as follows:
Transport of respiratory gases:
Transport of nutrients:
Transport of metabolic wastes:
Transport of metabolites:
Immunological functions:
Transport of hormonal messengers:
Tunica media:
Tunica interna:
Tunica externa:
Tunica media:
Tunica interna:
Tunica externa:
Endothelial cells:
Thermoregulation:
Repair damage:
Explanation of the components and functions of blood
Red Blood Cells:
White Blood Cells:
Plasma:
Platelets:
P6 – Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system
Nasal Cavity:
Pharynx:
Larynx:
Trachea:
Bronchi:
Bronchioles:
Diaphragm:
Alveoli and Gaseous Exchange:
The role of thoracic respiratory muscles during exercise:
M3 / D2 - Evaluate how the cardiovascular system and respiratory system work together to supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide