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Personal CyberSecurityHow to Better Protect Yourself Online
Steve McEvoySeptember 14th, 2019Fort Lauderdale, FL
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The Internet has some scary s**t going on
This is a self defense course
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Poll Results - Ransomware
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Title
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The Dental Record
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How did it Happen?
Dental Office
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How did it Happen?
Dental OfficeOver 400 !!
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Discovered Monday Aug 26th
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9 Days Later – Sept 3rd
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17 Days Later – Sept 11th
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• Have your own LOCAL backup strategy in addition to a Cloud based backup
• Talk about this to your IT Person and ask them if this can happen to them/you
• Care about this!
What Should You Do?
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Windows 7 End of Life
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Why Would You Care?
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WannaCry Ransomware
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WannaCry Ransomware
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• Microsoft Discontinued Support of Windows XP in April 2014
• No Windows Updates after that time• WannaCry Ransomware deliberately
exploited a newly found weakness built into Windows XP (May 2017)
• NHS had opted to just keep using XP
Windows XP was fullof Security Holes
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Why Would You Care?
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Windows 7 will be fullof security holes
Time
Ris
k
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• Ignore it– Eventually the PCs will be replaced
• “In Place” Upgrade to Windows 10– For a while they had been giving it away
• Upgrade to Windows 10– Reload your existing PCs from scratch
• Replace the PC– The new one will come with Windows 10
Your Options
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• Windows 10 installs Overtop Windows 7• Generally a BAD idea
– Seen this go sideways many times– All your Applications and Drivers must be
Windows 10 Compatible• Software like Dolphin, Carestream, Ortho2, etc.• Scanners, Printers, and other hardware• X-ray machine applications
• Leaves behind a mess
In Place Upgrade
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• Updating your Existing PCs Fresh• Deletes everything and Installs Windows
10 from scratch (Clean install)• You have to setup everything again (just
like if you had got a new PC)• If a computer is less than 4 years old you
might consider this• If a computer is 5+, don’t waste the $$$
Fresh Install of Windows 10
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• Windows 10 has been out for 4 years• If your PC still runs Windows 7 it is likely
4+ years old.• Replace the old PC that probably has
‘personality’ with a new, much faster PC.
New PC
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• Microsoft is offering Extended Support Updates (ESU) for a fee
• You can Pay for Windows Updates for the next 1, 2 or 3 years
• The Fees double each year:– $50 year 1– $100 year 2– $200 year 3
Pay for Updates?
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• For X-Ray PCs that cannot be upgraded to Windows 10
• Maybe for Mid-Life PCs (3-4 years old) that you want to stretch for 1 more year– It doesn’t make sense to dump $450 into an
already 4 year old PC to try and make it live to 7 years old when a new PC is $600
When ESU Makes Sense
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• Software companies like Carestream, Dolphin, Ortho2, etc. will Stop Supporting their applications on Windows 7– Ultimately this is reasonable
• They usually transition over the first few months– Windows 7 will become “Not Recommended”– After a few months will be “Not Supported”
More Motivation….
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• Talk to your IT Person– Review your network can come up with a
plan
• Do this ASAP!– They are already super busy helping others
that got started sooner than you.
What to do Next
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What about your Phone?
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Always Update Your Phone
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Help!
Ransomware
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Email Phishing Attacks
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Via email attachments
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Best Practices for Emails:• Never click on a link in an email that
you aren’t 100% sure of the sender and where its taking you
• Never open an attachment on an email if you weren’t 100% expecting it
• When in doubt, open on a cell phone• When in doubt, check with the sender
What Should You Do?
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RansomwarePhishing
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RansomwarePhishing
Bitcoin
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RansomwarePhishing
Bitcoin
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Corporate Data Breaches
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• Hacking peoples accounts one at a time is a slow, resource intensive process
• Hacking the websites full of user names AND passwords yields bulk results
• They never targeted you personally, but the result is they have your information
Bulk Hacking
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How can you knowif your username & password have been
leaked into the wild?
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• Security Expert from Microsoft• Searched the Dark Web• Compiled a list of 5 ~Billion hacked
accounts
• Created “Have I been pwned?” website– ‘Pwned’ is a slang term
• Securely check if your username and passwords has been stolen
Troy Hunt
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www.HaveIBeenPwned.com
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Is your Password Pwn’d?
(starwars)
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Pre-check your new passwords
(MyReallyHardPassword)
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• Get notified if your email(s) show up in the future
Get Notified of pwnage
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I was Notified of pwnage
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How long will it take for a Hacker to
break through my password?
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www.howsecureismypassword.net
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What makes a GOOD Password??
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• Recently updated their recommended digital identity standard (SP 800-63)
• Troy Hunt canvased NIST and others to derive what the collective wisdom is thinking
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• 12 or more characters
• We can use short dictionary words
• 3 or 4 random words
Length Matters
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dog
beerhat
red
tree
bill
head
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Nothing Personal
spouse
kidsfood
movie
birthday
address
date
petsphone
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dog
beerhat
red
tree
bill
head
3 or 4 Short Random Words
doghatbeerhead
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Make ‘em Memorable• Think up something about the site• i.e. Wells Fargo
– dumb wagon horses– ripping off clients– stashing my cash
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• dumbwagonhorses– 15 characters– 3 random words– dumbwagonhorses is better than Sj7$qq#56
But what is wrong with this?
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• They ‘Evolve’
• Websites, banks, etc. will need to learn and adopt these standards
• dumbwagonhorses wouldn’t meet their current ‘complexity checker’
Standards Don’t Change Overnight
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Starting TODAY! (2019 and on)– Three or Four unassociated dictionary words– At LEAST 12 characters in length– Capitalize First Letters– Add a 2 digit year to the end (reminder)
Steve’s Recommendation(Simple Complexity)
DumbWagonHorses19
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• DumbWagonHorses19– 2 Trillion Years to Hack
– Should meet the Banks requirements– Much easier to remember
Simple Complexity Works
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(Public WiFi in Particular)
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• To hack you while on WiFi the hacker needs to be within range
Up Close and Personal
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• White Hat Hackers that you hire to ‘PenTest’ your own business to find the weaknesses
• Toolkits are available online to purchase
• Of course, who are the biggest customers?
The Good Guy Hacker
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Hak5
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Hak5
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• You don’t need to be an expert• Anyone with a Hobbyist level of computer
skills can use these tools effectively• (and get into trouble fast)
Hacker Hobbiest
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Typical places we rely on WiFi include:• Home• Office• Coffee Shops• Hotels• Conferences ….
Where do we use WiFi?
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• The convenience of our devices is their undoing
• It can be set to remember WiFi’sits been connected to and automatically reconnect
• They are constantly ‘beaconing’ out looking for those memorized zones
Remembered Connections
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Hello?? Home WiFiZone Named “Steve’s WiFi” are you there??
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Why Yes I am!“Steve’s WiFi” is ready to connect,
please doThanks!
All Connected
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• Fool you into connecting to a ‘Open’ Free WiFi zone
• They advertise a convincing name:– Starbucks Free WiFi– Detroit Airport Free WiFi– UofM Free WiFi
Phishing you with a Freebie
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Free WiFi! Come and get your Free WiFi‘AAO Free WiFi’
Cool! They arranged
Free WiFi for the meeting
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• HTTP vs. HTTPS– http://www.google.com is unsecure– httpS://www.google.com is encrypted
• HTTP web surfing is like shouting across a room - ANYONE can listen in
Secure Surfing
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• HTTPS web surfing is an encrypted connection• When you access the website they hand you
an encryption key• Your device goes through a process to verify
the key is legitimate through a 3rd party verification
• If it checks out you see a Lock symbol
Secure Surfing
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• Banks
• Retailers
• Any place you have to ‘Login’– They should be in HTTPS mode by the time you
are on the login page.
Where would you expect it?
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• This is your key defense to knowing if you are potentially being hacked
• An HTTPS website with a BROKEN lock symbol means you are at risk
Pay Attention to the Lock
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Have you ever seen this?
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Have you ever just Continued?
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• “Damn computer is acting up again. I just need to get my work done”
• … and you click on Proceed Anyway …
Hackers count on our Reaction
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• Do not proceed*• Close your Browser session and try again
SOMEWHERE else safer• Ask your IT person if it persists
What to do?
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• Hacker gets in the middle of your HTTPS encrypted conversation
• They Hand you a FAKE certificate and you link encrypted to them!
• Then they connect to the website for you• They are of course now able to see all
your information passing through
Man in the Middle Attack
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Fake SSL Certificate
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• Forget WiFi zones you don’t need
What Should You Do?
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• Don’t set zones to “Connect Automatically” if you don’t really need to– Hotels– Airports– Events
What Should You Do?
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• Watch for HTTPS Warnings• Close out Browsing Session
What Should You Do?
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• Limit your use Public WiFi
• Use your phone’s cellular data connection
What Should You Do?