Download - Pengurusan organisasi
PENGURUSAN ORGANISASI
A COLLECTION OF PEOPLE
A STRUCTURE OF POWER
AN OBJECTIVE TO BE FULFILL
A COMMUNICATION INTERLINK
“Organisasi Adalah Jentera Yang
Menggembeling Tenaga Manusia Dan Kerja Untuk
Mencapai Sesuatu Matlamat”
“Satu Proses Penstrukturan Atau
Penyusunan Bahagian/ Jabatan/ Unit Di Dalam
Organisasi”
• Sistem/cara pembahagian kerja & penyusunan kerja & digambarkan dalam bentuk carta organisasi.
• Struktur organisasi menunjukkan hubungkait di antara satu bahagian, unit atau jawatan dengan yang lain dalam organisasi.
• Struktur organisasi tidak “standard” berbeza-beza mengikut saiz dan fungsi-fungsi jabatan.
1. Pembahagian kerja2. Hubungan ketua dengan
pekerja bawahan3. Jenis kerja yang dijalankan4. Pengumpulan bahagian- bahagian
kerja5. Tingkat pengurusan
O - OBJECTIVE
S - SPECIALIZATION (PENGKHUSUSAN)C - COORDINATION (PENYELARASAN)A - AUTHORITY (KUASA)
R - RESPONSIBILITY (TANGGUNGJAWAB)
• Keselarasan arahan (unity of direction)• Keselarasan perintah (unity of command)• Deligasi/ Perwakilan kuasa• Kuasa (authority) dan tanggungjawab• Kemampuan kawalan (span of control)• Hiraki• Perseimbangan
ORGANISASIOBJEKTIF, DASAR,
STRATEGI, PROGRAM,
PERSEKITARAN DALAMAN
SUMBER-SUMBERBUDAYA KERJA
PERSEKITARAN KERJA• KETUA ORGANISASI• KERAJAAN• PELANGGAN• PESAING• PEMBEKAL
PERSEKITARAN MASYARAKAT• SOSIAL BUDAYA• POLITIK & PERUNDANGAN• TEKNOLOGI • EKONOMI
PENGURUSAN MELIBATKAN PROSES MELAKUKAN SESUATU AKTIVITI MELALUI MANUSIA BAGI MENCAPAI MATLAMAT DALAM ALAM KELILING YANG BERUBAH-UBAH.
BEKERJADENGAN
DAN MELALUI
ORANG LAIN
SUMBERTERHAD
KEBERKESANANDAN
KECEKAPAN
OBJEKTIF
ALAM SEKITAR TINDAKANSECARA TIDAK LANGSUNG
SOSIO-BUDAYA EKONOMI
POLITIK PERUNDANGAN
TEKNOLOGI
ALAM SEKITARTINDAKAN SECARA
LANGSUNGINSTITUSI
KEWANGAN
AGENSIKERAJAANKUMPULANTINDAKAN
PERSEKITARAN
KUMPULANPENGURUSAN
KUMPULANBERKEPENTINGAN
KHAS
PELANGGAN
KESATUANBURUH
PEMBEKAL
PESAING
ALAMSEKITAR
DALAMANSTRUKTUR
BUDAYA
SUMBER-SUMBER
P O D C•PERANCANGAN (PLANNING)
•PENGELOLAAN (ORGANIZING)
•PENGARAHAN (DIRECTING)
•PENGAWALAN (CONTROLLING)
• Objectives• Policies• Programs
System and Procedure
tindakan untuk mencapai objektif bagaimana proses penyediaan bagaimana cara melakukan memastikan keberkesanan (efficiency) alam sekeliling berubah sumber terhad memudah kawalan
• Structure• Staffing• Coordinating
Format Organization
Bagaimana menstruktur kerja
pembahagian kerja dan bidang tugas
kawalan setiap jabatan/unit
People and Production
• Motivating• Leading• Supervising
Bagaimana pengarahan di buat- Bila- kenapa- Saluran apa
Pendekatan - motivasi - perhubungan manusia - kepimpinan
Budget and Resources
• Cost• Quality• Quantity
• Bagaimana memastikan objektif tercapai @ tidak• Akauntabiliti• mengesan kesilapan• melaksanakan pembetulan @ perubahan
1. KEPIMPINAN2. MOTIVASI3. KOMUNIKASI4. PERHUBUNGAN MANUSIA5. MEMBUAT KEPUTUSAN6. MENYELESAI MASALAH
• PENGURUSAN TERTINGGI
• PENGURUSAN PERTENGAHAN
• PENGURUSAN PERINGKAT PERTAMA
KONSEP
KEMANUSIAAN
TEKNIKALKEMAHIRAN PENGURUSAN MANUSIA PADA SEMUA PERINGKAT
• STRATEGI• PERANCANGAN MASA HADAPAN• PENENTUAN DALAM PASARAN• PEMBAHAGIAN SUMBER
• MERANCANGKAN KEJAYAAN• TEKNIK-TEKNIK BARU• MENTERJEMAHKAN STRATEGI KEPADA
TINDAKAN
• MENETAPKAN KUALITI DAN PRODUKTIVITI
• BERTINDAK (REACTIVE)
PENGURUSANATASAN
PENGURUSANPERTENGAHAN
PENGURUSANPERINGKATPERTAMA
* AUTOKRATIK * DEMOKRATIK* FREE-REIN LEADER
AUTOCRATIC = make decision without consulting subordinatesDEMOCRATIC = encourage group’s participation in making decisionFREE-REIN = allows most decision to be made by subordinates. Minimum direction from leader
• Penekanan yang seimbang di antara pekerja dan
pekerjaan.• Pendorong/ membimbing.
• Memahami sifat dan kebolehan pekerja.• Berunding/penyertaan.
• Penyelaras objektif dan pengurusan organisasi secara keseluruhan
• Latihan kepimpinan.• Penerapan nilai-nilai murni
kepimpinan.• Perubahan sikap dan nilai.• Maklumbalas pekerja bawahan.• Pusingan kerja (job rotation)• Kemajuan kerjaya.
X ACHIEVING A SET TARGETX LOW TURNOVER RATEX QUALITY OF SERVICES IS ALWAYS HIGHX CLIENT ARE HAPPY WITH THE SERVICEX LOW INCIDENCES OF CONFLICTX LOW STRESS LEVELX LOW ABSENTISMN
“Peraturan-Peraturan Struktur Rasmi (Formal Structure) Yang Diwujudkan Antara Manusia Di
Dalam Organisasi Supaya Mereka Dapat Bekerjasama
Untuk Mencapai Sesuatu Matlamat”
Two track of activities
A. Management of Information
B. Management of People
A. MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION
Researchers and practitioners in this field have education in computer and information science.Involve in construction of information technology
Knowledge is objects that can be identified and handled in information system
B. MANAGEMENT OF PEOPLE
Researchers and practitioners in this field have their education in philosophy, psycology, sociology or management.
Involve in assessing , changing and improving human individual skill or behaviour.
Knowledge is process a complex set of dynamic skills of activities that is constantly changing.
SOLUTION
Develop competencies in all area of knowledge management:
PEOPLE
PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY
KNOWLEDGE CONTENT
o knowledge in documents and knowledge base
o information and skills that are easily communicated, documented and conveyed to others
o collect, store, distribute and share
o formally expressed and transfered
Knowledge in people’s head Has not been written down or documented Gained through experience and influenced by beliefs, perspectives and values Usually requires joint, shared activities in order to transmit it Tacit skills (expertise, gut feel, subjective insight are not easily communicated and documented
The existing or present company ‘know-how’ that exist within the people of the company based on their core competencies
Knowledge has been given a monetary value allowing it to be included in the financial accountancy of an organization
Professional whose job relies on their ability to find,synthesize, communicate and apply knowledge across the enterprise (employees in a company)
Workers have tacit, explicit and potential knowledge
INFORMATION= Relates to description, definition,
or perspective (What, Who, When, Where)