Contaminated Futures: Caring for the Future and the Hanford Nuclear Reservation Nuclear
Reservation
Pedro de la Torre III4/26/2013
Experiments in
Method
Overview Hanford Nuclear
Reservation (WA) began as a plutonium production facility for U.S. nuclear weapons complex during WWII
Seventy year legacy of toxic and radioactive contamination, including intentional release of dangerous radionuclides
Overview Investigate the
politics, history, and ethical reasoning surrounding site
Explore environmental and intergenerational justice issues surrounding nuclear waste & contamination
Overview Complex
stakeholder process involved in governing Hanford cleanup
Given the degree of soil and groundwater contamination and the long half-lives of the contaminants, ethical obligations to current and future generations are negotiated implicitly or explicitly in Hanford cleanup
Overview
Research Problems1. How are future imaginaries
generated in the present, and how do they affect the politics and governance of nuclear waste and remediation?
2. How are intergenerational ethics negotiated in debates about environmental remediation and nuclear waste?
OverviewSo, what is a ‘future Imaginary’ anyway?
Connotes formation of ‘mental (& sociocultural) images,’ not ‘unreal’
Ethics: Obligation? "Discount?" Philosophy
(e.g., utilitarian)
Basis for Recognition
Specificity Scale:
Temporal Geographical Specificity
Analogies (spaces of experience): Scale (time and
space) Events Narratives References
Continuities: Technoscientific Sociocultural Territorial Government/
political Ecological Of Knowledge
Discontinuities: Technoscientific
Sociocultural Territorial Government/
political Ecological Of Knowledge
Representations: Subject
positioning? (e.g., "generations")
Media (e.g., images, tables, imagined scenarios, etc.)
Rhetorical strategies
Specificity Stake
innoculation Speaking for or
about future generations?
Dissemination Method (e.g.,
prediction based on extrapolation of current statistical trends): Nature of truth
claim: Procedures
(e.g., experimentation)
Data Political/power/
governance implications: Authority Regulatory/
Legal tie-in What
controversies is it implicated in?
How does it connect/challenge dominant discourses/consensuses?
How does it construct the present? Implicate
change of priorities/areas of concern
"Type?" (e.g., security, transition, development, risk, etc.)
OverviewThis work will interact with at least three key literatures in the social sciences:
Social temporalities
Environment, Nature, & Risk
Subjects: Ethics, Rights, and Representation
Social TemporalitiesThis work explores the complex relationships between history, memory, the “present,” expectations, and prediction in governance and the making of spaces.• Adam M. Hedgecoe, Erik Fisher, Cynthia Selin, and David H. Guston. 2007. “Anticipatory
Governance of Nanotechnology: Foresight, Engagement, and Integration.” In The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, edited by Edward J. Hackett, Olga Amsterdamska, Michael E. Lynch, and Judy Wajcman, third edition, 979–1000. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
• Anderson, B, and P Adey. 2012. “Future Geographies.” Environment and Planning A 44 (7): 1529–1535.
• Bender, J, and David E. Wellbery, ed. 1991. Chronotypes: The Construction of Time. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
• Bryan-Wilson, Julia. 2003. “Building a Marker of Nuclear Warning.” In Monuments and Memory, Made and Unmade, edited by Robert S. Nelson and Margaret Olin, 183–204. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Comaroff, John L. 1992. Ethnography and the Historical Imagination. Studies in the Ethnographic Imagination. Boulder: Westview Press.
• Dalsgaard, Steffen. 2012. “Fieldwork or ‘event-Work’?” In Anthropological Temporalities: Methods and Ontology of Multi-Temporal Ethnography. San Francisco, CA.
• Fabian, J. 1983. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Fortun, Kim. 2000. “Remebering Bhopal, Re-figuring Liability.” Interventions 2 (2): 187–198.
• Guyer, Jane I. 2007. “Prophecy and the Near Future :” 34 (3): 409–421. doi:10.1525/ae.2007.34.3.409.American.
• Hedgecoe, Adam M., and Paul A. Martin. 2007. “Genomics, STS, and the Making of Sociotechnical Futures.” In The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, edited by Edward J. Hackett, Olga Amsterdamska, Michael E. Lynch, and Judy Wajcman, third edition, 818–839. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
• Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. 1995. Silencing the past: power and the production of history. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.
OverviewThis work will interact with at least three key literatures in the social sciences:
Social temporalities
Environment, Nature, & Risk
Subjects: Ethics, Rights, and Representation
Environment, Nature, & RiskWritings in this category explore the often dangerous aspects of sociotechnical systems, the distribution of “environmental” risks, the concepts through which “nature” or the “environment” is or should be understood, and the ways that these topics shape various socialities, knowledges, and politics.
• Bennett, Jane. 2009. Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham: Duke University Press Books.
• Dunlap, Riley E., and Fredrick H. Buttel, ed. 2002. Sociological Theory and the Environment: Classical Foundations, Contemporary Insights. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
• Fortun, Kim. 2001. Advocacy After Bhopal: Environmentalism, Disaster, New Global Orders. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Gusterson, Hugh. 2000. “How Not to Construct a Radioactive Waste Incinerator.” Science, Technology & Human Values 25 (3) (July): 332–351.
• Hanson, RD. 2001. “Half Lives of Reagan’s Indian Policy: Marketing Nuclear Waste to American Indians.” American Indian Culture and Research Journal 25 (1): 21–44.
• Hecht, Gabrielle. 2012. Being Nuclear: Africans and the Global Uranium Trade. Cambridge: MIT press.
• Mascarenhas, Michael. 2012. “Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern Ontario, Canada.”
• Masco, Joseph. 2006. The Nuclear Borderlands: The Manhattan Project in Post-Cold War New Mexico. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
• Murphy, Michelle. 2008. “Chemical Regimes of Living.” Environmental History 13 (4): 695–703.
• ———. 2011. “Time in the Data of Cholera.”• Petryna, Adriana. 2002. Life exposed: biological citizens after Chernobyl. Princeton
[N.J.]: Princeton University Press.• Smith, N. 2008. Uneven Development: Nature, Capital, and the Production of Space. 3rd
ed. Athens: University of Georgia Press.• Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt. 2005. Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection.
Princeton: Princeton University Press.
OverviewThis work will interact with at least three key literatures in the social sciences:
Social temporalities
Environment, Nature, & Risk
Subjects: Ethics, Rights, and Representation
Subjects: Ethics, Rights, and RepresentationThese works explore not only the study of ethical practice and imaginaries, but also the relation between the ethical, political, and legal; the recognition and representation of subjects, particularly “distant” ones; and the recognition of injury, harm, or suffering.
• Adam M. Hedgecoe, Erik Fisher, Cynthia Selin, and David H. Guston. 2007. “Anticipatory Governance of Nanotechnology: Foresight, Engagement, and Integration.” In The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, edited by Edward J. Hackett, Olga Amsterdamska, Michael E. Lynch, and Judy Wajcman, third edition, 979–1000. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
• Anderson, B, and P Adey. 2012. “Future Geographies.” Environment and Planning A 44 (7): 1529–1535.
• Bender, J, and David E. Wellbery, ed. 1991. Chronotypes: The Construction of Time. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
• Bryan-Wilson, Julia. 2003. “Building a Marker of Nuclear Warning.” In Monuments and Memory, Made and Unmade, edited by Robert S. Nelson and Margaret Olin, 183–204. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Comaroff, John L. 1992. Ethnography and the Historical Imagination. Studies in the Ethnographic Imagination. Boulder: Westview Press.
• Dalsgaard, Steffen. 2012. “Fieldwork or ‘event-Work’?” In Anthropological Temporalities: Methods and Ontology of Multi-Temporal Ethnography. San Francisco, CA.
• Fabian, J. 1983. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Fortun, Kim. 2000. “Remebering Bhopal, Re-figuring Liability.” Interventions 2 (2): 187–198.
• Guyer, Jane I. 2007. “Prophecy and the Near Future :” 34 (3): 409–421. doi:10.1525/ae.2007.34.3.409.American.
• Hedgecoe, Adam M., and Paul A. Martin. 2007. “Genomics, STS, and the Making of Sociotechnical Futures.” In The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, edited by Edward J. Hackett, Olga Amsterdamska, Michael E. Lynch, and Judy Wajcman, third edition, 818–839. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
• Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. 1995. Silencing the past: power and the production of history. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.
Methods Field Sites
Ethnography Semi-structured
interviews Participant observation Attending events Purposive & snowball
samplingDiscourse Analysis
Richland, WA Primary site of fieldwork, borders
the Hanford Nuclear Reservation Host to most stakeholder meetings
and similar events Near the Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory Other sites of interests, such as
implicated American Indian reservation, relatively close by
Washington, DC Short visits Interviews with NGO, Policy, and
Regulatory actors Access to relevant events
Study Components
Study Components
Attending Hanford Advisory Board MeetingsSemi-structured interviewsAttend meetings of relevant organizations &
movementsExamine archivesHanford site toursAttend community meetings & eventsAttend relevant hearings and events in
Washington, DC and beyond
Activities and Questions
Study Components
Environmental Groups
Scientists and Engineers
Federal Government Officials
First Nations Government
Officials & ActivistsDownwinders &
AlliesLabor Unions &
Related GroupsState Government
OfficialsContractors
Kinds of Subjects
Continuing problems and controversies over threats that the site presents, including: Leaking radwaste tanks Threat of tank explosions Ecological costs of remediation activities Pace of cleanup Vitrification plant
“Downwinders” are still in litigation for compensation, and the link between their exposures and their illnesses is controversial
Current & future remediation efforts
Why Study H
anford Now
?
Context of austerity and “late industrialism”
Broader controversies over nuclear waste & nuclear energy
Widening gap between sustainability discourse, and the intergenerational ethics it implies, and ecological legacies
Why Study H
anford Now
Plan of Work
When What
Current / Ongoing Basic research and project design
Summer 2013 Transcription, grant applications, basic research
Early June Preliminary field site visit to Richland & regional sites of interests
July/August Interviews in Washington, DCSpring 2014 Dissertation ProposalFall 2014 – Summer
2015Fieldwork
Fall 2015 - Spring 2016 Dissertation writing / defense
Schedule
Plan of Work
Academic Community
Journal articles
Book
Conferences
General Public
Magazine / blog articles
Interviews
Events (e.g., Hanford photo
and/or visual arts show)
ResearchSubjects
Conferences
Internal presentations
Participation in campaigns &
events
Dissemination
About MeI am a first year PhD student at RPI’s Science and Technology Studies Department. Before that, I completed an M.A. in Anthropology at the New School for Social Research. My areas of interest include nuclear waste and politics, disaster studies, social theory, and temporality.
Email: [email protected]
Credits &
Bio
Image credits: stopnewnukes, EMSL, PNNL - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, & idyllopus