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Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941- “A Date Which Will Live In Infamy”
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America’s Isolationism
● Isolationism - Remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups.
● Neutrality Acts - Laws designed to keep the U.S. out of future wars. o Despite the Neutrality Acts,
president Roosevelt found ways to aid the Allies.
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America’s Isolationism (cont.) ● America First Committee - A group
formed by isolationists to block further aid to Britain. o In response, Congress passed the
Lend-Lease Act. ● Lend-Lease Act - Law that authorized the
President to aid any nation whose defense he thought was vital to American Security.
● America, at this time, was the only major country not yet in the war.
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U.S. - Japanese Relations ● July 1940, President FDR limited what
the Japanese could buy from the U.S. o By September FDR ended the sale of
scrap iron and steel to the Japanese. ● In 1941, the U.S. froze Japanese
financial assets and cut off oil shipments. o Japan desperately needed oil and other
raw materials.
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The Naval Base Pearl Harbor ● Located on the Hawaiian
island of Oahu ● Home of the U.S. Pacific Fleet ● Ships included:
o 8 battleships o 8 cruisers (2 heavy, 6 light) o 30 destroyers o 4 submarines
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Japanese Air Force and Preparation ● Japanese had 6 aircraft carriers
on the Pacific ready for an attack. o Akaga, Kaga, Hiryu, Soryu, Zuikaku, and
Shokaku ● Plan was to send 2 waves of
attack on Pearl Harbor. o 1st wave was 183 fighter, consisting of
bombers and torpedo bombers o 2nd wave was another 170 bomber and
fighter planes
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Bombing of Pearl Harbor ● At 7:53 am on Dec. 7th, 1941,
the Japanese launch a surprise attack the American Naval Base Pearl Harbor.
● The Japanese planes used bombs and machine gun fire to attack ships, aircraft carriers, and refueling/repair stations.
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Bombing of Pearl Harbor (Cont.) ● The attack ended at 9:45 am. ● In less than two hours the Japanese
were able to: o Kill 2,400 American troops o Wound 1,200 troops o Destroy/damage 200 American warplanes o “Sunk” 6 battleships o Sunk/heavily damaged 12 other warships
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Footage of Bombing
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Roosevelt’s Response ● On Dec. 8th, 1941, Roosevelt
addressed the Congress with his “day of infamy” speech, asking Congress to declare war on Japan. o Within hours Congress passed a war
resolution. o December 11, Germany and Italy
declared war on U.S.
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Roosevelt Addresses Congress
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Roosevelt’s Response (Cont.) ● FDR’s next goal was to get men to
join the army. o Convinces people to support the war and
join the military through the use of propaganda.
● The public was, initially, stunned by the attack on Pearl Harbor. o Soon, Americans became outraged and
there was a rise in American morale.
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Pearl Harbor Conspiracy ● It is thought that President Roosevelt
had prior knowledge of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor and allowed the Japanese to attack. o FDR allowed it because he wanted to go to
war with Japan and Germany. o The base at Pearl Harbor had radio
transmissions of planes heading toward the base, but were told to ignore the readings.