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Nuclear Engineering Program
LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION World War II Introduction of Nuclear Energy Atomic Energy Act of 1946 - "McMahon Act"
Complete Federal Control
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 Domestic Commercialization
"Atoms for Peace" Internationally
Atomic Energy Commission [AEC] Oversee Development
Establish Regulation
Congressional Oversight by J CAE
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Atomic Energy Act of 1954
... the utilization of special nuclear materialwill ... provide adequate protection to the
health and safety of the public . 1961, U.S. Supreme Court decision
established that adequate protection isequivalent to no undue risk
It is presumed that a nuclear power plant incompliance with federal regulations providesadequate protection
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Nuclear Engineering Program
PRICE-ANDERSON ACT First passed in 1957 for nuclear accidents
Established liability limits and no-fault insurance Provides financial protection for licensees
Originally seen as necessary incentive for private production $60 million from private companies Government underwrites additional $500 million
Renewed many times Last renewed in 2005 by Congress
Ensures $10 billion from industry coverage Claims above $10 billion covered by Federal Government
In 43 years, insurance pools have paid $151 million in claims
LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION
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LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT OF1969 Requires Environmental Impact statement [EIS] for:
"Every major federal action significantly affecting the quality of
the human environment" Issuing of a reactor license considered a major federal
action requiring an EIS (Calvert Cliffs) EIS Must Address:
Environmental Impact of Action Unavoidable Adverse Effects Alternatives Short-Term Use Vs Long-Term Productivity Irreversible/Irretrievable Resource Commitments
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Nuclear Engineering Program
GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA
(App. A to 10 CFR 50) I. Overall RequirementsII. Protection by Multiple Fission
Product BarriersIII. Protection and Reactivity
Control SystemsIV. Fluid SystemsV. Reactor Containment, andVI. Fuel and Radioactivity Control
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Nuclear Engineering Program
Example of General Design Criteria II. Protection by Multiple Fission Product
Barriers
Criterion 10Reactor design . The reactorcore and associated coolant, control, and protectionsystems shall be designed with appropriate margin toassure that specified acceptable fuel design limits arenot exceeded during any condition of normaloperation, including the effects of anticipatedoperational occurrences.
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Nuclear Engineering Program
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS Part 55 Operator Licenses
Required for All Who Operate / Supervise Plant
Reactor Operator [RO]
Senior Reactor Operator [SRO] Initial License Examination
Written Practical (Oral "Walk-Around" / Plant Simulator)
Requalification Training Plant Operation Annual Examination (By Plant / NRC Evaluation)
LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS
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CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS
Part 52 Licenses, Certifications and Approvals forNuclear Power Plants
Part 54 Requirements for Renewal of OperatingLicense for Nuclear Power Plants
Part 73 Physical Protection
Security Measures Against Sabotage / Theft
Part 100 Reactor Siting Criteria
Evaluation of Suitability of Reactor Sites Seismic / Geologic / Other
LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS
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Nuclear Engineering Program
Qualification of a Reactor Site
Radiological Consequences
Exclusion distance
In 2 hours exposure
25 Rem whole body
300 Rem thyroid
Low Population Zone
Population Center Distance
REACTOR SITING 10CFR100
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REGULATORY GUIDES AND STANDARDS Regulatory Guides
Acceptable Methods for Implementing 10CFR
Techniques for Specific Problems
General Guidance for License Applicants
Consensus Standards
Codification of Industrial Practice
Developed by Committees w/ Wide Experience ANSI / ANS / IEEE /ASME / Other Sponsorship Voluntary Unless License / Other Commitment Considered the equivalent of a regulation
LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS
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Nuclear Engineering Program
The Commission Five Members / Fixed Five Year Terms
Appointed by President / Confirmed by Senate
Chair Appointed by President
Independent of Other Departments / Agencies
Kemeny/TMI-2 Recommendations
Single Administrator
Legislation / Not Enacted
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
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Executive Director for Operations [EDO] REGULATORY STAFF
Nuclear Reactor Regulation [NRR]
Historically: License Safety/Env Evaluation
Currently: Amendments / Inspection / Assessment Nuclear Regulatory Research [RES]
Research "Confirmatory to Regulation" WASH-1400 / LOFT / NUREG-1150 / TMI-2
Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards [NMSS] Fuel Facility Safety Reactor / Fuel Facility Safeguards Waste Management
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
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Nuclear Engineering Program
REGULATORY STAFF Regional Offices
Phila / Chicago / Atlanta / Dallas / San Francisco
Inspection / Resident Inspectors Operator Licensing (10CFR 55)
Office of Enforcement
Actions for Non-Compliance Civil Penalties / Fines
Criminal Penalties
Penalties Common Post-TMI-2
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
(~ 2 inspectors / station)Daily Station Oversight:
Monitor Assess Report