Download - Patterns of Heredity & Human Genetics
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Patterns of Heredity & Human Genetics
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What is a pedigree?
Is a graphic representation of genetic inheritance.
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Pedigree Info
• Shows genetic relationships Shows genetic relationships within a familywithin a family
• Square=male, circle femaleSquare=male, circle female• Horizontal line=reproductionHorizontal line=reproduction• Vertical line=connects Vertical line=connects
parents to offspringparents to offspring
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Pedigree Chart for colorblindness
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What is a karyotype?
• Shows picture of chromosomes Shows picture of chromosomes arranged in pairsarranged in pairs
• Contains SEX CHROMOSOMES (X and Contains SEX CHROMOSOMES (X and Y) and the rest (called AUTOSOMES)Y) and the rest (called AUTOSOMES)
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What are some recessive heredity disorders and traits?
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CYSTIC FIBROSISCYSTIC FIBROSIS
•Caused by RECESSIVE allelesCaused by RECESSIVE alleles•Excessive mucus in lungsExcessive mucus in lungs•Increased susceptibility to Increased susceptibility to infectioninfection
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Other DisordersOther Disorders
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Tay-Sachs Disease Recessive disorder
of the central nervous system
An enzyme is missing that breaks down a lipid produced and stored in the nervous system.
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Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Recessive disorder that results from a missing enzyme that converts amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine.
It damages the nervous system and to the brain.
One of the few we can prevent by knowing the baby is a carrier.
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What are some dominant heredity disorders and traits?
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Tongue RollingTongue Rolling
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Widow’s PeakWidow’s Peak
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Attached EarlobesAttached Earlobes
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Hitchhiker ThumbHitchhiker Thumb
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Chin FissureChin Fissure
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FrecklesFreckles
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PolydactylPolydactyl
http://www.ktvu.com/news/18608582/detail.html#-
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DimplesDimples
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What is Genetics?What is Genetics?•The study of traits being passed The study of traits being passed from generation to generation.from generation to generation.
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What is Codominance?What is Codominance?•When both alleles are expressed fully in When both alleles are expressed fully in phenotype phenotype
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What is Incomplete What is Incomplete Dominance?Dominance?
•Alleles blend together, neither being Alleles blend together, neither being dominant dominant
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Incomplete DominanceIncomplete Dominance
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What are Multiple Alleles?What are Multiple Alleles?•More than two types of alleles for a traitMore than two types of alleles for a trait
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Blood TypeBlood Type
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Blood TypeBlood Type
•3 Alleles for antigens = 3 Alleles for antigens = IIAA, , IIBB, , and and ii
•IIAA and and IIB B are codominant, are codominant, ii is is recessiverecessive
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What are Polygenic Traits?What are Polygenic Traits?•Many genes control traitsMany genes control traits
•Examples: height, skin colorExamples: height, skin color
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What are Sex-linked Genes?What are Sex-linked Genes?•Genes located on the sex Genes located on the sex chromosomes, many on the “X”chromosomes, many on the “X”
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Sex-linked TraitsSex-linked Traits•COLORBLINDNESSCOLORBLINDNESS
•Location = X chromosomeLocation = X chromosome
•Inability to distinguish different Inability to distinguish different colors, usually reds and greenscolors, usually reds and greens
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Sex-linked TraitsSex-linked Traits
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Sex-linked TraitsSex-linked Traits
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Sex-linked TraitsSex-linked Traits•Why are males more likely to have Why are males more likely to have sex-linked traits?sex-linked traits?
•Colorblindness in males, 1 in 10, 1 Colorblindness in males, 1 in 10, 1 in 100 femalesin 100 females
•Males only have one X, so only Males only have one X, so only one recessive allele necessaryone recessive allele necessary
•Females, 2 X’s, so two recessives Females, 2 X’s, so two recessives necessary necessary