5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
EL WAFI
الوافــى مذكرةلقواعد شامل و وافى جمع
اإلنجليزية اللغة
Parts of speechالكالم أجزاء
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةWord classes
الجملة تكوين مفردات Noun أسم Pronoun ضمير Verb صفة Adjective فعل Conjunction حال / ظرف Preposition أداة ) عطف حرف
ربط ( Interjection word or sound أو تعجب لفظة
إنفعال
PROPER NOUNS ) العلم ) االسمA PROPER NOUN IS THE NAME OF AN INDIVIDUAL بذاته PERSON فرد TOWN , COUNTRY , RIVER , SEA , COUNTINENT قارة INSTITUTION .OPERA , BOOK , SHIP , ………………………………… ETC مؤسسةEX. : AHMED / ASIA COUNTINENT COMMON NOUNS ) المشترك ) االسمA COMMON NOUN IS SHARED BY THE MEMBERS OF A WHOLE CLASSEX . : MAN , ANIMAL , INSECT , BOOK , CITY , SYSTEM COLLECTIVE NOUNS ) الجماعة ) أسمA COLLECTIVE NOUN DENOTES على A COLLECTION OF PERSONS يدلOR THINGS LOOKED UPON AS ONE واحد كيان أنها على لها ينظرEX. : COMMITTEE لجنة PARLIAMENT برلمان CROWD حشد , CLASS , FAMILY , AUDIENCE مستمعونMATERIAL NOUNS ) مادة ) أسمA NOUN OF MATERIAL IS FOR SOME PARTICULAR معين KIND OF MATTER مسألة OR SUBSTANCE مادةEX. : OXYGEN , CLOTH , AIR , WATER , MEAT , GOLDABSTRACT NOUNS ) معنوية ) تجريدية – أسماءAN ABSTRACT NOUN DENOTES على STATE , النوعية SOME QUALITY يدلالعمل - OR ACTION الحالة الفعل
QUALITY : CLEVERNESS الذكاء , HEIGHT االرتفاع, COLOUR اللون STATE : POVERTY الفقر , MANHOOD الرجولة , PLEASURE السعادة ,
YOUTH الشباب, LOVE الحب , BEAUTY الجمال ACTION : PLAYلعب , WORKعمل , STUDYمذاكرة , TRIAL محاولة
COUNTABLE NOUNSتعد التى االسماء
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNSتعد ال التى االسماء
COUNTABLE NOUNS CAN BE USED IN THE PLURAL جمع AND ARE USED WITH ))A((
أداة يسبقها ال لكن و المفرد معاملة تعامل نكرة
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NOUNSاألسماء :
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةAND ))AN(( WHEN THEY ARE SINGULAR
مفرد))A(( OR ))AN((
THESE NOUNS ARE NOT USUALLY USED IN THE PLURAL
EVERY STUDENT HAS A BAGHAVE YOU GOT ANY EGGS ?
ANY SUITABLE ANSWER CAN DOWHICH COLOUR DO YOU WANT ?
THERE ARE NO EGGS LEFT ; NONE AT ALL
THERE ARE STILL A FEW TICKETS LEFT
EX. : RAINمطر , AIR هواء , WATER ماء , SMOKE دخان , BLOOD , TRAFFIC , NEWS , متاع BAGGAGE , زجاج GLASS , أخبار
FURNITURE أثاث
تعد : ال المعنوية االسماء هامة مالحظةABSTRACT NOUNS ARE ALSO
UNCOUNTABLE WHAT LOVELY SCENERY ?
الرائع المشهد ماI’M LOOKING FOR WORK !
عمل عن أبحث أنا
ACCOMMODATION مكاناالقامة
COURAGE الشجاعة NEWS االخبار
ANGER الغضب DAMAGE الضرر PARKING الجراجASSISTANCE المساعدة DIRT الوساخات PERMISSION بـ / إذن
ترخيصBEHAVIOUR السلوك EVIDENCE الدليل PRODUCE المنتجBUSINESS العمل FUN المرح RUBBISH القمامةCASH النقد GRASS العشب SEASIDE البحر شاطيءCLOTHING المالبس HARM االذى SOAP الصابونCONDUCT التصرف HOMEWORK الواجب
المنزلىSTEAM البخار
COUNTRYSIDE الريف INFORMATION المعلومات TRAFFIC المرورCUTLERY لوازم
المائدةKNOWLEDGE المعرفة UNDERWEAR المالبس
الداخليةDANCING الرقص LEISURE الراحة WEALTH الثروةEDUCATION التعليم LUCK الحظ WORK المنتجFOOD الطعام MACARONI المعكرونةFURNITURE االثاث MACHINERY المكيناتHAIR الشعر MONEY المالHELP المساعدة MUSIC الموسيقىHOUSEWORK الشغل
المنزلىNONSENSE الهراء
JEWELLERY المجوهرات PEEL القشرةLAUGHTER الضحك THE POST البريدLIGHTNING البرق PROGRESS التقدمLUGGAGE االمتعة SCENERY المنظر /
المشهدADVICE النصيحة SHOPPING التسوقAPPLAUSE التصفيق SPAGHETTI السباجيتىBAGGAGE المتاع STUFF المادةBREAD الخبز TRANSPORT النقلCAPITAL رأسمال VIOLENCE العنفCHESS شطرنج WEATHER الطقس
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NOUNS NORMALLY UNCOUNTABLE IN ENGLISH
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةCHINA مادة
الصينىMEAT اللحوم
COOKERY الطبخ فن MUD الطين
SOME NOUNS HAVE COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE USAGE WITH A CHANGE OF MEANING EX. : LIGHT ضوء , PAPER ورق, HAIR شعر , COFFEE قهوة ,
LIGHT : THE LIGHT OF THE SUN الشمس ضوء TURN ON THE LIGHTS المصابيح أضى
PAPER : I BOUGHT A PAPER جريدة أشتريت I BOUGHT SOME PAPER الورق من بعض أشتريت
HAIR : THERE’S A HAIR IN MY SOAP الشوربة فى شعرة بى توجد الخاصة SHE HAS BEAUTIFUL HAIR جميل شعر لها هى
MOST NOUNS MAKE THEIR PLURAL BU ADDING )) S (( A HORSE / HORSES A CAR / CARSA TREE / TREES A SCHOOL / SCHOOLSAN EGG / EGGS AN APPLE / APPLES
NOUNS THAT END IN A HISSING الهسهسة SOUND MAKE THEIR PLURAL
BY ADDING )) ES (( BRUSH BRUSHESفرشاة BOX BOXESصناديق CHURCH CHURCHESكنائس INCH INCHESبوصات FOX FOXESذئاب DRESS DRESSESفساتين
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NOUNS THAT ARE BOTH COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE
SINGULAR AND PLURALالجمع و المفرد
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SAFE / SAFE ROOF / ROOFS
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
MOST NOUNS THAT END IN )) O (( FROM THEIR PLURAL A POTATO POTATOES طماطم A HERO HEROESأبطال A MOSQUITO MOSQUITOES ناموس
NOUNS THAT END IN )) F (( OR )) FE (( GENERALLY MAKE THE
PLURAL BY CHANGING THE ))F(( OR ))FE(( INTO )) VES (( LIKE THIS : LEAF ورقة LEAVESHALF نصف HALVESWOLF ذئب WOLVESWIFEزوجة WIVESKNIFEسكين KNIVESTHIEFحرامى THIEVESLOAFرغيف LOAVES
NOUNS THAT END IN ))A CONSONANT متحرك غير )) Y + ثابت – حرفMAKE THE PLURAL BY CHANGING THE ))Y(( INTO ))IES((
بحرف المنتهية الى Yاالسماء تتغير متحرك حرف يسبقها ال IESوBABY طفل BABIESLADY سيدة LADIESFLY ذبابة FLIESARMY جيش ARMIESCITY مدينة CITIESCOUNTRY بلد COUNTRIESINDUSTRY صناعة INDUSTRIESBODY اجسام BODIESSTORY قصص STORIES
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BUT
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BUT
BOY / BOYSMONKEY / MONKEYS
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
S OME N OUNS D O N OT F OLLOW T HE R ULES :
SINGULAR PLURALMAN رجل MEN
WOMAN أمرأة WOMENCHILD طفل CHILRENSHEEP قطيع
غنمSHEEP
PERSON شخص PEOPLEFOOT قدم FEET
TOOTH سنة TEETHOX فأر OXEN
DEER غزال DEERGOOSE أوزة GEESE
N OUNS A LWAYS P LURAL TROUSERS بنطلون JEANS جينزSHORTS نقائص PYJAMAS بيجامةSCISSORS مقصGLASSES النظاراتSPECTACLES االقداحPOLICE الشرطة
EX. :I NEED A NEW PAIR OF TROUSERSI NEED SOME NEW TROUSERS
NOUNS ENDING IN )) S (( BUT ARE SINGULAR MATHEMATICS رياضياتECONOMICS االقتصادGYMNASTICS الجمباز NEWS االخبارPHYSICS الطبيعة علمATHLETICS االولمبية االلعاب EX. : WHAT TIME IS THE NEWS ON T.V. ?ATHLETICS IS MY FAVOURATE SPORT .
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ال االسggماء بعggضالقواعد تتبع
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
ARTICLES رgggggggggggggالتنكي و المعرفggggggggggggggggggة أدوات
1-WEIGHTS AND MEASURES المقاييس و االوزان PETROL IS SOLD BY THE LITRE
2-MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS الموسيقية االدوات CAN YOU PLAY THE PIANO
3-A CLASS OF PEOPLE , ANIMALS , OR THINGS أو الناس من فئةاالشياء أو الحيوانات
THE MAN IN THE STREET IS FINDING LIFE INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT يجد الشارع في الرجل إن
ال جدا صعبة حياة THE WHALE IS IN DANGER OF DYING OUT خطر في الحوت
إنقراض THE DEEP FREEZER HAS MADE LIFE EASIER FOR HOUSEWIVES
البيوت ربات على األمور العميقة المجمدة سهلت
4-RIVERS , SEAS , MOUNTAIN RANGES الجبال – البحار – االنهار سالسل5-ORGANISATIONS , INSTITUTIONS المؤسسات و المنظمات6-BEFORE ADJECTIVES OF QUALITY USED AS PLURAL NOUNS :GOOD/BAD/POOR/SICK/OLD/LIVING/DEAD
1. THE RICH SHOULD HELP THE POOR2. AFTER THE BATLLE المعركة THEY BURIED دفنوا THE DEAD 3. THE OLD السن المعاشات RECEVIE PENSIONS كبار4. THE YOUNG الشباب OFTEN GET IMPATIENT صبور WITH THEIR PARENTS غير
7-BEFORE SUPERLATIVES القصوى التفضيل صفات قبل AUGUST IS THE HOTTEST MONTH OF THE YEAR MONA IS THE MOST BEAUTIFUL GIRL I’VE SEEN
8-UNIQUE OBJECTS نوعها من الفريدة االشياء SUN , EARTH , MOON , SKY , NORTH , SOUTH , EAST , WEST
THE EARTH GOES ROUND THE SUN 9-BEFORE A NOUN MADE DEFINITE BY A PHRASE OR CLAUSE
اسم أي أو ه جعلتم قبل عبارة أي قبل من مؤكد جملة I KNOW THE BOY THAT YOU MET .
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THEA
AN
THE IS CALLED THE DEFINITE ARTICLE المعرفة أداة تسمى
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة WAS SHE THE GIRL IN BLUE ?
10-BEFORE A NOUN ALREADY MENTIONED ذكر اسم أي قبل HIS CAR STRUCK A TREE YOU CAN STILL SEE THE MARK ON THE
TREE11-TO REPRESENT A PARTICULAR PERSON , ANIMAL OR THING
شيء قديملت أو حيوان أو معين شخص أي WE SENT FOR THE DOCTOR . )OUR OWN DOCTOR( ESSA IS IN THE GARDEN . )THE GARDEN OF HER HOUSE( PLEASE PASS THE BOTTLE . )THE ONE ON THE TABLE (
12-TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PEOPLE , THINGS , ETC.. الخ أشياء، الناس، بين للتمييز
WHICH AHMED DO YOU WANT THE AHMED WITH RED HAIR OR THE AHMED FROM THE SOUTH
الجنوب من أحمد أو األحمر بالشعر أحمد تريد أحمد ؟ أي HE THINKS HIMSELF THE “NAPOLEON” OF OUR TIMES .
نابليون نفسه .زماننا يفكر SHE IS THE “ OM KALTHOUM “ OF OUR TOWN .
كلثوم “ هى بلدتنا . “أم
A DOG IS AN ANIMALA CAT CAN CATCH A MOUSE
A COW HAS HORNSAN ELEPHANT NEVER FORGETS
HE IS A TEACHER
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USES OF ))A(( / ))AN((
االداة ( A ) النكرة تستخدمله الذى المفرد االسم قبل
ساكن بحرف يبدأ و جمع A BOOK A TEACHER A CAR
يبدأ المفرد االسم كان اذانسبقه ( U ) بحرف ناطقليس ( A ) باالداة ( AN ) و
A UNIVERSITY A UNIFORM
االداه قبل ( AN ) تستخدمجمع له الذى المفرد االسم
متحرك بحرف يبذأ و ( A-E-I-O-U )
AN EGG AN APPLE AN ORANGE
يبدأ المفرد االسم كان إذانسبقه ( H ) بحرف ساكنليس ( AN ) باالداة ( A ) و
AN HOUR AN HEIR وريث
المهgggggggggن
مفرد اسم قبلجمع له
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةHE IS AN OFFICERA COUPLEA HUNDREDA DOZENA THOUSANDA LOT OFA MILLIONA GREAT DEAL OF
FIVE PENCE A KILOTEN PENCE A DOZENSIXTY KILOMETRES AN HOURFOUR TIMES A DAY
WHAT A HOT DAY !WHAT A PRETTY GIRL !SUCH A PITY ! / رحمة شفقة شوية
النكرة ONE الصفة أدوات محل استخدامها يمكن تستخدم A / AN الغير ,,, ال واحد عدد بقصد
ONE SHOTGUN IS NO GOOD , I NEED TWO OR THREE.HERE’S ONE OF HER FRIENDS , OTHER FRIENDS WILL BE APPEAR TOO.
استعمال يمكن استعمال . A / AN ال يمكن لكن كضمير ,,, ONE كضميرI’D LIKE A PEPSI .I’D LIKE ONE .
الكلمات ONE تستعمل حدث ,,, DAY-WEEK-MONTH قبل شيئا تروى عندماONE DAY , A TELEGRAM ARRIVEDONE NIGHT , THERE WAS A TERRIBLE STORM .
لكن عام ,,, A / AN و شئ على تدلA RAINY DAY IS VERY COMMON IN ENGLAND .
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AN EXCLAMATION BEFORE SINGULAR COUNTABLE NOUNS :
االندهاش / الصياح
معينة عددية عبارات
الثمن - - السرعة النسبة
ONE
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
حيوان ) ( S‘تستخدم أو شخص اليه المضاف االول االسم يكون عندما الملكيةاليه ) (OFتستخدم المضاف االول االسم كان إذا
جمgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggاد THE MANAGER’S OFFICE AHMED’S DAUGHTER A POLICEMAN’S HAT A HORSE’S TAIL THE DOOR OF THE ROOM THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY
يدل ) ( OFأو S‘تستخدم جمعى أسم اليه المضاف االول االسم كان اذاالناس . من مجموعة على
THE GOVERNMENT’S DECISION = THE DECISION OF THE GOVERNMENTTHE COMPANY’S SUCCESS = THE SUCCESS OF THE COMPANY
أسم ) ( S‘تستخدم اليه المضاف االول االسم كان البشرى . اذا للتجمعTHE CITY’S NEW THEATRETHE WORLD’S POPULATIONBRITAIN’S SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENTITALY’S LARGEST CITY
الزمنية .S‘تستخدم الفترات أو الوقت على الدالة الكلمات معTOMORROW’S MEETING HAS BEEN CANCELLEDHAVE YOU STILL GOT LAST SATURDAY’S NEWSPAPER ?I’VE GOT A WEEK’S HOLIDAYI’VE GOT THREE WEEK’S HOLIDAY
بحرف ) ( ينتهى جمع اليه المضاف االول االسم كان على Sاذا النبرة ’Sنضعمعا . الملكية و للجمع
I NEED EIGHT HOURS’ SLEEP A NIGHTMY SISTERS’ ROOM ( MORE THAN ONE SISTER)
MY SISTER’S ROOM ( ONE SISTER )
EX. :
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APOSTROPHE ))‘ S (( / OF
خgggggggggggggطأ : جمggggلةTHE ROOM’S DOOR ) X (
الحظ أن
IT WASN’T MINE . IT WAS MARY’S . كان هو لي كان ما ماريلهو
WE MET AT THE GROCER’Sالبقال في إجتمعنا
ALL THE BIRD’S NESTS WERE DESTROYEDحطمت الطير أعشاش كل
THEY’VE GONE FOR A MONTH’S HOLIDAYالشهر لعطلة ذهبوا
THE TREE WAS THERE AT A STONE’S THROWحجر مرمى على كانت الشجرة
BELIEVERS’ FEAR GOD الله خافوا المؤمنون ايها
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
الفاعل ضمائر) I – He – She – It – You – We – They )
I GO TO SCHOOL HE IS A STUDENTTHEY ARE CLEVERSHE GOES TO SCHOOLI WANT MOREYOU SAID THATSHE NEEDN’T COMEWE WEREN’T TOLD ANYTHINGTHEY HAVE BEEN SET ASIDE
I WOULDN’T GIVE IT TO A MAN SUCH AS HEI HAVE NEVER SEEN A BEAUTIFUL GIRL SUCH AS SHE
) Me – Him – Her – It – You – Us – Them )ALI IS MY FRIEND . I SAW HIM YESTERDAYTHIS IS NOHA . I LOVE HER VERY MUCHI GO TO SCHOOL WITH HER
DON’T BLAME ME تلومنى الDON’T WORRY HER بالها تشغل الDON’T DISTURB HIM تزعجه الDON’T TEASE HER تعاكسها ال
LET HIM HAVE SOMETHING TO EATHE SAT BETWEEN ME AND HERTHERE WAS NOBODY THERE EXCEPT MEI SAW NOBODY BUT HER
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PERSONAL PRONOUNSالشخصية الضمائر
قبل الجملة أول فى تأتىالفعل
ضميgggر يأتgggىبعgggد الفاعgggل
SUCH AS ىgفاالسggggggggلوب أgggو الكتابgggى
الرسمى
OBJECT PRONOUNSالمجرور ضمائر أو المفعول
أو الفعل بعديسبقها
جر حرف
فى المحادثات
, EXCEPTبعد BUT
التعجب
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
WHAT ! ME FIGHT A BIG CHAP LIKE HIMFANCY ! HIM DYING SO YOUNG AND HIM ONLY THIRTY
. فهى الملكية أما به مفعول و فاعل هو العاقلو لغير غائب ITSضمير IT IS A CAT , ITS TAIL IS LONG
الحرارة درجة و الطقس و المسافة و الوقت عن للتعبير تستعمل و IT’S HOT TODAY WHAT TIME IS IT ? IT’S SIX O’CLOCK HOW FAR IS IT TO ALEX. ? IT IS 200 KILOMETERS IS IT RAINING . IT IS FINE TODAY WHAT IS THE DATE ? IT IS THE THIRD OF MARCH IT IS BETTER TO BE EARLY IT IS EASY TO UNDERSTAND SUCH REASONS
) ( معين بشكل بعينها جملة فى تستعمل و IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO REACH THE PLANETS IT IS STRANGE THAT HE HASN’T RETURNED YET IT IS HOPED THAT HE WILL PASS THE EXAM IT IS TIME TO GO IT IS USELESS TO DENY لألنكار الفائدة عديمة انها IT WAS KIND OF YOU TO HELP ME IT SEEMS THERE WILL BE A WAR IN THE ARES IT APPREARS SO IT’S NO GOOD WASTING YOUR TIME IT’S NO USE CHEATING ME تغشنى ألن داعى ال IT ISN’T WORTH COMPLAINING الشكوى تساوى ال أنها
ITIS OR
WAS صفة OFعلم أسمأو
ضمير مفعول
TO المصدر
IT WAS KIND OF HIM TO HELP ME
I THINK SO . ذلك أظن I BELIEVE SO . ذلك أعتقد
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It
كضمير SOإستعمال
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة I WAS TOLD SO . ذلك لى قيل I’M AFRAID SO . كذلك االمر أن أخشى SO AND SO . عالن و . YOU WILL TELL فالن
ALI IS MY FRIEND HE IS A FRIEND OF MINENOHA IS HIS SISTER SHE IS A SISTER OF HIS
ملكية مجرور TO BE ضمير ضمير BELONG أوTO
THAT HOUSE BELONGS TO HER THAT HOUSE IS HERS
THIS CAR BELONGS TO METHAT CAR IS MINE
AS AN OBJECT مفعول I RESPECT MYSELFSHE WASHED HERSELFHE ENJOYED HIMSELFWE DIDN’T PREPARE OURSELVES FOR THATONE HAS TO DEPEND ON ONESELF
TO EMPHASIZE THE SUBJECT أو الفاعل بعد يأتى و الفاعل لتوكيدالمفعول
PRESIDENT MUBARAK HIMSELF OPENED THE CONFERENCEI WROTE THE LETTER MYSELFSHE CLEANED THE ROOM HERSELF
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POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSالملكية ضمائر
أسم – يليها ملكية صفاتالمملوك
THIS IS MY BOOKTHIS IS YOUR BOOKTHIS IS HIS BOOKTHIS IS HER BOOKTHIS IS OUR BOOKTHIS IS THEIR BOOK
بذاتها – تقوم ملكية ضمائرTHIS BOOK IS MINETHIS BOOK IS YOURSTHIS BOOK IS HISTHIS BOOK IS HERSTHIS BOOK IS OURSTHIS BOOK IS THEIRS
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSإنعكاسgggggية ضمائر
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
This film is nice This is a nice film That car is expensive That is my car These books are interesting These are my books Those pupils are my friends Those are my school friends Don’t be in such a hurry أمرك من عجلة فى تكون ال Such is life الحياة هكذ
WHO ?WHO BROKE THE WINDOW ?WHO IS THE LEADER ?
WHOM ?WHOM DID YOU MEET YESTERDAY ?WHOM DID YOU RECOMMEND ?
WHOSE ?WHOSE ARE THESE BOOKS ?WHOSE IS THIS ?
WHICH ?WHICH DO YOU PREFER , TEA OR COFFEE ?WHICH OF THEM CAN YOU TRUST ?
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DEMONSTRAIVE االشgggggggggggggggggggggggggارة
THIS – هذه هذا) قريب)THESE ) ( قريب هؤالءSUCH كذلكSO كذلك
THAT ) ( – بعيد تلك ذلكTHOSE ) ( – بعيد هؤالءONE)NONE( – أحد ال أحدTHE SAME - الشئ نفس المثل
INTERROGATIVEاالستفهggggggggggggام
جمع أو مفرد العاقل الفاعل عن السؤالمؤنث أو مذكر أو
المفعول عن السؤالالعاقل
أو مذكر أو جمع أو مفردمؤنث
المالك عن السؤالالعاقل
أو مذكر أو جمع أو مفردمؤنث
بدائل بين االختيار عن السؤالعاقلة
أو جمع أو مفرد عاقلة غير أوفاعل
مفعول أو
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةWHAT ?WHAT IS THIS ?WHAT DO YOU EAT ?
WHO – WHOM – WHICH – THAT – WHOSE – AS – BUT
1- WHO مباشرة يعقبه و مؤنث أو جمع أو عاقل فاعل على يعود I SAW A FAT MAN . HE COULD NOT WALKI SAW A FAT MAN WHO COULD NOT WALK THE PUPIL SUCCEEDS EVERY YEAR . HE IS CLEVERTHE PUPIL WHO IS CLEVER SUCCEEDS EVERY YEAR
2- WHOM و مذكر جمع و مفرد العاقل المجرور أو به المفعول على تعود مؤنث THAT IS THE BOY . I MET HIM ON FRIDAY
THAT IS THE BOY WHOM I MET ON FRIDAY I KNOW THAT GIRL . YOU SPOKE TO HER
I KNOW THAT GIRL WHOM YOU SPOKE TO
3- WHICH الجمع أو المفرد العاقل غير به المفعول أو الفاعل على تعود THIS IS THE TRAIN . IT MADE THE ACCIDENT
THIS IS THE TRAIN WHICH MADE THE ACCIDENT
THIS IS THE TRAIN THAT MADE THE ACCIDENT
4- WHOSE محل تحل و عاقل غير أو عاقل الملكية للملكية الملكية Sأو ضمير
I KNOW THE MAN . HIS WEALTH ثروته IS GREATI KNOW A MAN WHOSE WEALTH IS GREAT
I SAW A MAN . THE MAN’S CAR MADE AN ACCIDENTI SAW A MAN WHOSE CAR MADE AN ACCIDENT
5- AS كلمة AS تستعمل يسبقها عندما موصول SUCHأو ASأو SAME كأسم
MEET ME AT THE SAME PLACE AS YOU DID YESTERDAY THIS IS THE SAME THING AS YOU ASKED FOR
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االشياء عن السؤالعموما
مذكر / / / جمع مفردمؤنث
RELATIVE PRONOUNSالوصgggل ضمائر
حذف ممكنWHICH و
gggب أستبدالهاTHAT
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة THIS IS NOT SUCH A GOOD RESULT AS I HOPED I NEVER SAY SUCH THINGS AS YOU DO AS MANY PEOPLE AS WORKED WERE GIVEN FOOD
6- BUT لكن )) (( BUT تستعمل و بمعنى للنفى لكن و موصول كأسم
THERE IS NO ONE BUT REGRETS HIS DEATH وفاته على حزن و إال أحد ال THERE IS NO ONE WHO DOES NOT REGRET HIS DEATH THERE IS NO PLANT BUT REQUIRES WATER THERE IS NO PLANT WHICH DOES NOT REQUIRE WATER
7- THAT
محل تحل أن محل WHICHأو WHOيمكن تحل ال WHOSEوأستخدام التفضيل ALLأو ITأو THE ONLYأو ANY بعد THATيجب صفة بعد أو
القصوى
ANY MAN IS A FOOL . HE LISTENS TO YOU ANY MAN THAT LISTENS TO YOU IA A FOOL
SHE IS THE FINEST WOMAN . SHE EVER LIVED SHE IS THE FINEST WOMAN THAT EVER LIVED
HE IS THE ONLY PUPIL . HE HAS GOT THE PRIZEHE IS THE ONLY PUPIL THAT HAS GOT THE PRIZE
NEVER USE A PERSONAL PRONOUN IN THE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE : الملحقة الجملة فى شخصى ضمير أى تستعمل ال
THIS IS GARDEN WHICH I WALKED IN ) IT ( YESTERDAY (((((WRONG)))))THIS IS GARDEN WHICH I WALKED IN YESTERDAY (((((CORRECT)))))
NEVER USE A PREPOSITION BEFORE )THAT( , AS A RELATIVE PRONOUN : قبل جر حرف أي يستعمل ال كضمير ( ذلك ) أبدا موصول ،
THIS IS THE GARDEN )IN( THAT I WALKED (((((WRONG)))))THIS IS THE GARDEN THAT I WALKED IN (((((CORRECT)))))
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RULES قواعد
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة NEVER USE )WHAT( AFTER )ALL( :
يستعمل ال ( بعد ( ماذا) أبدا كل )THIS IS ALL ) WHAT ( I WISH (((((WRONG)))))THIS IS ALL THAT I WISH (((((CORRECT)))))THIS IS ALL I WISH (((((CORRECT)))))
AN ADJECTIVE IS A WORD WHICH QUALIFIES A NOUN االسم تصف كلمة الصفةKINDS OF ADJECTIVES ....فقط
QUALITY a nice day – a fast train – a beautiful girlSIZE a big car – a small boy AGE a new handbag – a young man – a lifelong friendshipTEMPERATURE a cool evening – a hot countrySHAPE a round table – a square trayCOLOUR blue eyes – grey hair – a white horseORIGIN a Japanese camera – a Swiss watchQUANTITY some sugar – little water – many people
� ��Suffixes ملحقات and Prefixes بدايات to form Adjectives لألسم تضافصفة لتكوين
able : changeable - valuableible : possible - visibleful : useful – faithful - gratefulless : useless - harmlessy : stormy – muddy - noisyive : expensive - activeous : dangerous - enormoust : distant
مثل : الكلمات بعض بعد المقارنة صفة تستعملMuch كثيرconsiderably كبير حد إلىslightly الشيء بعض
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ADJECTIVES
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةthe ……the ….. ال........... .ال
... Much richer Considerably hotter Slightly heaver The more you work , the more you gain
تستعمل غالبا القصوى التفضيل صفة لألشخاص : of / لألماكن in بعدMona is the most beautiful girl in the classAhmed is the best of the three boys
كgggصفات : أحيانا االسماء تستعملA woman doctorA police woman Town hallA tooth brushCairo towerA horse race
كgggصفة أحيانا الفاعل أسم ( v+ing ) يستعملThe smiling girlThe amusing story
المفعول أسم كgggصفة - – يستعمل أحيانا الثالث التصريفa broken windowan educated mana gifted girl موهوبة فتاة
يتبعها التالية For الصفاتصالح –أذى BoringغيرDangerousخطرDifficultصعبEasyسهلExpensiveغاليHealthyصحي
NecessaryضروريFashionableعصري
foradjectiveIt’sIt’s boring for some people to work in noisy placesIt’s dangerous for children to play with fire
يتبعها التالية That الصفاتCertainمتأكدClearواضح
Curiousفضوليسبيل –على
شبيه - تقريباLikely
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةالمحتمل Probablyمن
SurprisingالمفاجئةTrueالصدقObviousواضح
thatadjectiveIt’s
يتبعها interesting الصفة أن that or for يجوزI would be interesting for you to study on abroad
سأكون الخارج شغوف أنا على أدرس أن لكIt’s interesting that he made you that offer
العرض هذا لك يقدم أن إثارة . أنها
ggggب تنتهى ال عادة الحال ly الصفة أو الظرف إنما وAdjectiveadverb
QuicklyسريعاquickسريعSlowlyببطئ –بطيئا slowبطئ
Wonderfully مدهشا –بإدهاش wonderfulمدهشbeautifullyبجمالbeautifulجميل
My father smoke heavily My father is a heavy smoker He drives will He is a good driver
الحس أفعال بعد الصفة sense verbs تأتى
TouchاللمسHearإسمع
FeelالملمسSeeشاهد
SoundالصوتTasteالطعمSmellالرائحة
This flower smells niceThis food tastes good
Adjectives ending in ))…………..ly((Friendly وديLively بحيويةElderly مسنLonely وحيدSilly سخيفLovely رائعFatherly أبويMotherly بحنانSisterly أخوي
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةDeadly مميت بشكلCowardly بجبنUgly قبيح
He is a silly personHe is always cowardly in the face of dangerHe is a friendly manHis behaviour towards his students is fatherlyShe acts in a lovely mannerShe gave me a motherly smile .
Some Adjectives Are Followed By a
“Preposition” Or A “Prepositional Phrase”جر عبارة أو جر بحرف تتبع الصفات بعض
At Amazed مندهش For Eager متلهفAmused مسلى Famous مشهور
Astonished متعجب Fit يالئمShocked مصدوم Good جيدSurprised مفاجئ Grateful ممتن
Bad سيئ Tate تايتBrilliant رائع Prepared مستعدClever ذكي Qualified مؤهلExpert الخبير Ready جاهزGood جيد Sorry آسف
Hopeless يائس Suitable مناسبQuick بسرعة responsible مسؤو
لSad حزين
Weak ضعيف
To Accustomed متعود About Angry غاضبAttentive فطن Annoyed منزعج
Blind الستارة Anxious متلهفClear واضح Certain د متأكClose اإلنتهاء Clear واضح
Contrary مضاد Curious فضوليDue - الحق
مستحقDoubtful مريب
Faithful مخلص Excited متحمس
Harmful ضار Glad مسرورInferior التابع Happy سعيدMarried متزوج Hesitant متردد
New جديد Honest صادقPeculiar غريب Mistaken مخطئ
Responsible مسؤول Puzzled مشوش
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةSensitive حساس Sad حزينSimilar مماثل Selfish أنانيSuperior الرئيس Sensitive حساسThankful متشكر Serious جدي
Used مستعمل Sorry آسف
From Absent غائب Sure متأكدDifferent مختلف Suspicious مريب
Safe السالمة Uneasy مضطرب
Separate منفصل Worried قلقwrong خاطئ
Of
Afraid خائف
With
Angry غاضبAhead لألمام Annoyed منزعج
Ashamed خجالن Busy مشغولAware مدرك Concerned معني
Capable قادر Contented قانعCertain د متأك Delighted مسرور
Confident واثق Disappointed خائب األمل
Conscious الضمير Disgusted مقرفEnvious حسود Familiar مألوف
Fond مولع Patient المريضFull كامل Pleased مسرور
Guilty مذنب satisfied راضيIndependent مستقل
Jealous غيورProud فخورSick مريضSure متأكد
Suspicious مريبTired متعب
On Dependent التابع In Experienced مجربKeen متحمس Interested مهتم
Against Prejudiced مضرLeaning الميل
Responsible to a senior الرئيس أمام مسئول Responsible for a family أسرة عن مسئول
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Adverbsالظgggggggروف
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
؟ أين ؟ كيف لسؤال إجابة يكون عادة و أخر ظرف أو الفعل أو الحالة تصف كلمة هو الظرف؟ متى
How does he write ? He write badly
Where does he live ? he lives here
when did he arrive ? he arrived yesterday
بإضافة تتكون الظروف الصفة ... lyمعظم الى / حديثا Lateمتأخراlatelyأخيرا
يكاد / HardبجدHardlyال –بالكادبالغ HighعالىHighlyبشكل
Justlyبالعدل Justتواقيود / بدون Freelyبحرية Freeمجانا
األحوال معظم mostاألكثرmostlyفى
The train was lateShe returned in the late afternoon
Lateصفة
He arrived late this morningHave you seen Ahmed lately
Lateظرف
Iron is hardThis question is too hard
Hardصفة
He works hard We hardly know each otherI was angry that I could hardly speak
Hardly ever = almost never I’m always at home in the evening . I hardly ever go outI almost never go out in the evening
Hardly any = almost no ; almost not ; very little We’ve got hardly any foodWe’ve got almost no foodWe’ve got very little food
Hardlyظرف
The mountain is very highصفةHighThey climbed highThe plane view high above the mountain He’s risen high in the world
Highlyظرف
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةShe’s very highly paidThey spoke very highly of themHe was highly placed
Highlyظرف
Just a momentI have just seen him
Justصفة
In accordance with justiceHe was justly punished for his crimes
Justlyظرف
You are free to do as you wishThis is a free country
Freeصفة
You can speak quite freely in front of me , I can’t tell any one what you say
Freelyظرف
He spends most of his time travelingThis is the most comfortable hotel in the town
Mostصفة
She uses her car mostly for her jobMy friends are mostly teachers
Mostlyظرف
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Good Good at = clever at ماهر Good for = useful مفيد Good to = kind / helpful / طيب
جيد It’s a good day for a swim Milk is good for babies She’s always been very good to me
Well she speaks English well they speak well بالخير of him at
school well = in good health well – known مشهور well – educated مثقف well – dressed الزى حسن
Adverbs of manner الحالة ظرف
The journey was very slow We traveled slowly
Hassan is a careful driver He drives very carefully
Adverbs of place المكان ظرف
Here , There , Somewhere , In
I saw a policeman standing there yesterday
Adverbs of time الزمان ظرف Yesterday , I went to the
cinema I went to the cinema yesterday
Nabil is going to have lunch here this evening
You can speak to him then
الفعل ))) قبل يوضع زمان ((( ظرفSoon / just / already
Ahmed will soon be hereHe’s just arrivedShe’s already cooked the dinner
THE INFINITIVEالمصgggggggggggدر
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
المضارع أداة عليه تدخل ال و جمع أو إفراد ال و فاعل له ليس الماضى )S(المصدر )ED(أوبــــ مسبوق يكون إما المصدر بدون TOو هيئة TOأو على مصدرا PARTICIPLEأو
TO GO للذهابTO BE GOING يذهب لكيTO BE GONE يختفي لكيTO HAVE GONE ذهب أن----------------------------------------------------------------I WANT GOI EXPECT THEM TO BE GOING SOON I WANT THE WORK TO BE DONE WITH CARE----------------------------------------------------------------As a subject كفاعل
to err is human to live is to suffer to read gives pleasure
As an object كمفعول I hate to interrupted I like to sit in the sunshine
After a noun or pronoun ضمير أو أسم بعد He gave me some money to spend It’s time to go home
After an adjective صفة بعد He’s difficult to please Milk is good to drink It’s nice to see you
مع المصدر معينة toيأتى أفعال بعد مباشرةAgree وافق Forget إنس Propose إقترح
Arrange رتب Hesitate تردد Refuse يرفضAttempt المحاولة Hope األمل Remember تذكر
Care العناية Learn تعلم Regret األسف
Cease الوقف Like مثل Seem يبدوConsent الموافقة Manage يدير Swear يقسمDecide قرر Neglect اإلهمال Try يحاول
Determine قرر Prepare إستعد Used مستعمل
Fail الفشل Promise الوعد Undertake تعهد He promised to do his best We hope to start early He managed to solve the problem He tried to climb the tree He used to play football when he was young
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة I like to play music
و الطلب و الرغبة و االمر عن تعبر التى االفعال بعد المصدر يأتىاالذن
Advise إنصح Invite إدع Urge الحافزAllow له إسمح Oblige إلتزم warn حذرPermit الرخصة Order الطلبRemind ذكر Request الطلبCompel أرغم Show how كيف يعرض
Encourage شجع Teach علمForbid م محر Tell أخبرInstruct مر tempt أغر I ordered the servant to clean the room He told me to meet him at seven He allowed me to stay longer I showed her how to make a cake
مفعولها بعد أو مباشرة االفعال هذه بعد المصدر يأتىAsk إسأل hate الحقد mean يقصدbeg إستجد Intend ينوى Prefer فضل
expect توقع love الحب want يريد I want to leave I want him to leave I expect to be there I expect him to be there
الوصل ضمائر بعد المصدر يأتىWhom-which-what-how-where-when
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة I can’t see whom to tell I can’t se whom to tell I know well what to do She doesn’t know how to make pizza They didn’t decide where to go They don’t know when to arrive
THERE IS NO TIME FOR JOKINGTHE WEATHER IS COLD TODAYI AM READING NOWHE WAS PLAYING IN GARDENTHE FOOD WAS EATENWE ARE TO START EARLYHE WAS TO COME EARLYIT WAS KIND OF YOU TO HELP MEI HAVE BEEN TO LUXORSHE IS GOING TO HOMEHE IS GOING TO PREPARE THE PARTY
IS BEING / ARE BEING / WAS BEING / WERE BEING صفة بعدها يأتىHE’S BEING ANGRYTHEY WERE BEING NAUGHTY
HE HAS A CARI HAD A BATHI HAD A SWIMHE HAD A BAD COLDI HAVE TO WORK HARD
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Helping verbs المساعدة االفعال
1 TO BE 1
PRESENTAM-IS-ARE
PASTWAS- WERE
PAST PARTICIPLEBEEN
PRESENT PARTICIPLEBEING
مضارع ماضى مفعول أسم فاعل أسم
TO HAVE2 2
PRESENTHAVE-HAD
PASTHAD
PAST PARTICIPLEHAD
PRESENT PARTICIPLEHAVING
فاعل مفعول أسم مضارعماضىأسم
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةTHEY HAD TO CHANGE THE PLANYOU HAVE A STRONG CHARACTERWE HAD JUST BEGUN THE WORKI HAD THE ROOM CLEANED
HAVE GONE TO - يعد لم و بالسفر –سافر مازال MY FATHER HAS GONE TO LONDON HE HAS GONE TO PARIS
HAVE BEEN TO - السفر من عاد و السفر –سافر له سبق MY FATHER HAS BEEN TO LONDON HE HAS BEEN TO BENHA
I DO MY WORKI DO NOT PLAY TENNISHE DOESN’T LIKE COFFEE , DOES HE ?YOU BROKE THE CUP , DIDN’T YOU ?
الرجاء و بألحاح للطلبDO TRUST ME DO HELP ME THIS TIME
الفعل على للتاكيدHE DOES TRY HARDHE DID LOVE THAT GIRLI DID DO MY BEST
معين بفعل القيام عن للنهىDON’T SMOKE HEREDON’T OPEN THE DOOR
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هامggggggة جدا جدا
TO DO3 3
PRESENTDO/DOES
PASTDID
PAST PARTICIPLEDONE
PRESENT PARTICIPLEDOING
فاعل مفعول أسم مضارعماضىأسم
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
بدون ) المصدر فى الفعل شكل نفس هو البسيط المضارعTO )بإضافة يتميز لكنه و
أو ( S ) حرف المتكلم خالف مفرد الفاعل كان إذا له ( HE-SHE-IT ) المخاطب
Ahmed plays football well He plays in the garden The sun shines in the morning It gives us heat and light
gggggب ينتهى الفعل كان له ( ss , sh , ch , x ) إذا ( es ) نضيف He goes to school every day She watches the match on T.V.
gggggب ينتهى الفعل كان تحول ( y ) إذا ساكن حرف يسبقها ( ies ) الى
He carries a bag )carry( She studies hard )study(
gggggب ينتهى الفعل كان متحرك ( y ) إذا حرف , a , e , i ) يسبقهاo , u ) تغيير فال
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الجزء نهايةاالول
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSEالبسيط المضارع زمن
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة He obeys his father )obey( She says the truth )say(
ما كثيرا و المتكرر الروتين و العادات عن للتعبير يستخدمالتى ) ( التكرار ظروف الفعل :نستخدم قبل توضع
Always دائما Generally عادةUsually عادة Rarely نادراOften ما كثيرا Scarcely نادرا
Sometimes أحيانا Frequently بشكلمتكرر
Every day يوم كل
Ahmed always wears dark glasses .He usually comes late .
بدون الفعل كان المصدر + ( S ) إذا نستعمل الغائب المفردDON’T
I PLAY TENNIS I DON’T PLAY TENNIS
WE SPEAK ENGLISH WE DON’T SPEAK ENGLISH
به الفعل كان نستعمل ( S ) إذا و نحذفها الغائب المفرد DOES NOT المصدر +
HE PLAYS TENNIS HE DOESN’T PLAY TENNIS
SHE SPEAKS ENGLISH SHE DOES NOT SPEAK ENGLISH
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THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IN THE NEGATIVEالبسيط المضارع للزمن النفى
INTERROGATIVE المضارع فى االستفهامالبسيط
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
بدون الفعل كان المصدر ) + ( S ) إذا نستعمل الغائب المفرد ( DO الفاعل +
I SPEAK ENGLISH . DO YOU SPEAK ENGLISH ?
به الفعل كان الغائب ( S ) إذا نستعمل المفرد و ( نحذفها ( DOES الفاعل + + المصدر
HE LIVES WITH HIS PARENTS DOES HE LIVE WITH HIS PARENTS ?
OR WHO(M) DOES HE LIVE WITH ?
DO YOU SPEAK ENGLISH ?-YES , I DO. NO , I DON’T.DOES HE LIVE WITH HIS PARENTS ?-YES , HE DOES. NO , HE DOESN’T.
am / is / are + ( v + ing )
االن- :1 يجرى حدث عن للتعبيرI am reading nowWe are sitting nowListen , someone is knocking at the doorLook , a bird is flyingTake care ! a car is comingShe is still cooking the mealAt the moment we are listening to the radioHurry ! the bus is coming
الكالم- :2 لحظة يقع أن بالضرورة ليس و يتم لم حالى نشاط عن للتعبيرI am reading a novel by Nageeb Mahfouz this days The committee اللجنة is considering اهتمام القضية the case موضع30
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ANSWER البسيط المضارع فى االجابة
The present continuous tenseالمستمر المضارع زمن
االن) (
Now – at the moment – at presentStill – look – listen – take care - hurry
كلماته
تكوينه
التفكير ) – – الخمسة الحواس gggب الخاصة االتية االفعال مع يستعمل الالمساعدة – – ( االفعال الملكية العاطفة
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةيقع- :3 لم حدث أو بشئ للقيام النية عن للتعبير
I am going to the cinema tonight
الحواسSENSES
SEE شاهد العاطفةEMOTION
WANT يريدHEAR إسمع DESIRE الرغبة
SMELL الرائحة REFUSE يرفضNOTICE المالحظة FORGIVE له إغفر
التفكيرTHINKING
REALISE أدرك WISH األمنيةKNOW إعرف CARE العناية
UNDERSTAND إفهم HATE الحقدMEAN يقصد -
يعنىLOVE الحب
SUPPOSE إفترض LIKE مثلBELIEVE إعتقد DISLIKE الكراهية
REMEMBER تذكر الملكيةPOSSESSION
OWN يملكRECOLLECT تذكر OWE يعود
لــــFORGET إنس BELONG مملوك
لــRECALL اإلستدعاء POSSESS أمتلكTRUST الثقةMIND العقل
BE – HAVE – DO – CAN – MUST – WILL االفعال مع يستعمل ال أيضا.... االتية
HAVE / HAS + )P.P(أمثلة الكلمات االستعماالت
- HE HAS JUST GONE OUT JUST توا أكتمل حدث عن يعبر- I HAVE READ THE INSTRUCTIONS BUT I DON’T UNDERSTAND THEM
فى تم حدث عن يعبرأثر له لكن و الماضى
حالى- I HAVE LIVED HERE FOR THREE YEARS
فى بدأ حدث عن يعبرمستمر يزال ال و الماضى
االن حتى- THERE HAS BEEN A LOT OF CHANGE RECENTLY .- HE HASN’T FINISHED YET
ALREADYLATELY
RECENTLY
الكلمات مع يستعملالتالية
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THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSEالتام المضارع
التكوين
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةYET
- I HAVE NOT SEEN HIM SINCE YESTERDAY
SINCE مع SINCEيستعملجر كحرف
I HAVE NOT SEEN HIM SINCE HE WENT TO LUXOR
I HAVE BEEN HERE SINCE I LEFT SCHOOL
SINCE مع اذا SINCEيستعملجملة فى رابط جاءت
الذى فيوضع فعالن فيهاالماضى SINCEبعد فى
االخر الفعل و البسيطالتام المضارع فى
WE HAVE LIVED IN LUXOR FOR TEN YEARS
WE LIVED THERE FOR TEN YEARS
معناها FOR تستعمل والزمن - من كامل لفترة
تستعمل عندما FORوتدل البسيط الماضى مع
زمنية فترة علىمنتهية ....
HE HAS NEVER LEARNT ENGLISH
HAVE YOU EVER SEEN AN INDIAN FILM ?
NEVER
EVER
مع النفى فى يستعملNEVER
االستفهام فى يستعملEVERمع
تستخدم : ال ALL مع FOR الحظ WE LIVED THERE TEN YEARS .
ALL DAY – ALL MORNING – ALL WEEK – ALL MY LIFE I’VE LIVED HERE ALL MY LIFE . ) NOT . FOR MY LIFE (
HAVE BEEN + VERB + ING
HAS BEEN
أمثلة الكلمات االستعماالت
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THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
المستمر التام المضارعالتكوين
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةI am sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long ?I’ve been waiting for an hour , and that fool of a typist still hasn’t turned up
إلظهار يستعملالمدة طول
بدأ حدث أستغرقهاال و الماضى فى
مستمرا يزالI have been working all the day Live
WaitStayReadSleepStudy
مع يستعملمن التى االفعال
االسترسال شأنهاالزمنى
He has been working all the dayShe has been sleeping all morning
SinceFor
All day
مع يستعملاالتية الكلمات
المستمر المضارع و التام المضارع زمن بين المقارنةالتام : المضارع توا أنتهى حدث
It has rained for two hoursIt stopped raining just now
المستمر : التام بعد المضارع يتنهى لم يكون قد حدثIt has been raining for two)perhaps it’s still raining))perhaps the rain has stopped(
بإضافة ) ( للفعل الثانى التصريف من البسيط الماضى edيتكونبحرف ينتهى ال الذى بإضافة eللفعل ينتهى dو الذى للفعل فقط
خاصة ....eبحرف تصريفات لها التى الشاذة االفعال عدا ماأمثلة الكلمات االستعماالت
I went to the cinema yesterday YesterdayLast nightLast weekLast year
AgoOnce
Just now
الماضى يستعملالكلمات مع البسيط
التالية
I went to the cinema yesterday و وقع حدث عن يعبر
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The simple past tenseالبسيط الماضى
التكوين
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةفى الماضى فى أكتمل
محدد وقتI often walked to the office وقوعه يتكرر كان حدث
الماضى فى He used to smoke a lot The ancient Egyptians lived on
agriculture
يعد لم أسلوب أو عادة قائما
In olden times the Arabs buried their daughters alive
متبع كان تقليد أو عرفالماضى فى
The train was ten minutes late و وقع حدث عن يعبرو الماضى فى أكتمل
مذكور غير الوقتMy father worked in that bank for ten years .He lived in Alexandria for a long time
من فترة شغلت واقعةقائمة تعد لم و الزمن
أألنبعد البسيط الماضى و wish أو if only يأتى مطلوبة الحاضر الوقت فى أمنية أن ليعبر
متحققة ... غير I wish I saw Ahmed now
I wish I had enough money . I would buy a carبعد جاء إذا و if only أو wish و الماضى فى مطلوبة كانت أمنية عن يعبر فإنه تام ماضىتتحقق .... لم
I wish I had seen Ahmed yesterday)I’m sorry I didn’t see Ahmed yesterday(
I wish I had had enough money . I would have bought a car .
االتية الربط أدوات قبل البسيط الماضى : يأتى
I saw the film after I had written the letterبعد البسيط الماضى sinceيأتى
I haven’t seen Ahmed since he went to Tantaبعد البسيط الماضى جملة than يأتى no sooner فى
She had no sooner seen the thief than she criedبعد جملة when يأتى hardly فى
she had hardly reached the station when she changed her mindجملة فى if يأتى
If he ran fast he would catch the train . )he will not run fast and so will miss the train(
Was / were + )verb+ing( I was playing They were swimming
الوقت لبعض الماضى فى استطال حدث عن للتعبير He was living in brazil What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night
أنتهى قد يكن لم الحدث أن يعنى المستمر الماضى Mona was cooking the dinner
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AfterAs soon as
Whenuntil
Past simple Past perfect
The past continuous tenseالمستمر الماضى
THE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSEالمستمر التام الماضى
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة بسببه االول الفعل يتوقف ربما و أخر حدث وقع حدوثه أثناء و الماضى فى وقع حدث
مستمرا ظل أو Mona burnt her hand when she was cooking the dinner It was raining when I got up
البسيط الماضى و المستمر الماضى بين الفرق When Ahmed arrived , we were having dinner
)we had already started dinner before ahmed arrived when Ahmed arrived , we had dinner
)Ahmed arrived and then we started dinner
I had eaten my breakfastأخر ماضى حدث قبل تم قد كان ماضى حدث عن للتعبير
When I arrived at the party , Ahmed had already gone home .Hassan didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice .
استعملنا الثانى when إذا الحدث يبدأ أن قبل وقوعه أكتمل االول الحدث أن معناه ذلكWhen we had eaten , we began to watch T.VWhen I had seen the car , h bought it .
بعد التام الماضى قبل after يستعمل ماضى before و زمنها التى الجمل فىHe returned home after he had left the officeI had already finished my work before my friends arrived
الربط أدوات مع التام الماضى يستعملNo sooner أن ما حالما As soon as - حتى ) Till ) until - بمجرد
He refused to go until he ha seen all papers As soon as I had eaten I left the house She had no sooner seen the accident than she fainted عن غابت الحادثة شافت ما أول
الوعى He had no sooner seen her than his face lit up نور وشه شافها ما أول
HAD BEEN + )VERB + ING (
* I HAD BEEN WORKED قد كنت غلتتشأأنا35
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The past perfect tenseالتام الماضى
Had +)pp(التكوي
ن
التكوين
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
الماضى فى مستمر كان حدث عن للتعبير الزمن هذا يستعملأخر ماض فعل حدوث حتى
I HAD BEEN WORKED IN A SHOP FOR YEARS BEFORE I GOT THIS JOB
وقتا تكراره أستغرق الماضى فى حدث عن للتعبير يستعملSHE HAD BEEN TRYING TO GET HIM ON THE PHONE
عدا ما مستمر مضارع لها ليس التى االفعال مع يستعمل الWISH / WANT
THE BOY WAS DELIGHTED WITH HIS NEW BICYCLE . HE HAD BEEN WANTING ONE FOR A LONG TIME.
: التام الماضى و المستمر التام الماضى بين الفرق
WHEN I LOOKED OUT OF THE WINDOW , THE SUN HAD BEEN RISING . )) IT HAD NOT BEEN FULLY RISING ((
WHEN I LOOKED OUT OF THE WINDOW , THE SUN HAD RISING . )) IT WAS UP THERE IN FULL ((
PRESENT MEANING PAST PAST
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CONJUGATION OF COMMON IRREGULAR VERBSالشائعة الشاذة االفعال تصريفات
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةPARTICIPLE
AWAKE يستيقظ AWOKE AWOKEBEAR يولد –يلد BORE BORNBEAR يحمل BORE BORNEBEAT يضرب –يهزم BEAT BEATENBECOME يصبح BECAME BECOMEBEGIN يبدأ BEGAN BEGUNBEND ينثنى –يثنى BENT BENTBID يأمر BADE BIDDENBIND يربط BOUND BOUNDBITE يقضم –يعض BIT BITTENBLEED ينزف BLED BLEDBLOW يهب –يعصف BLEW BLOWNBREAK يكسر BROKE BROKENBREED يربى BRED BREDBRING يأتى –يحضر
gggبBROUGHT BROUGHT
BROADCAST يذيع BROADCAST BROADCASTBUILD يبنى BUILT BUILDBURN يحرق BURNT BURNTBURST ينطلق –ينفجر BURST BURSTBUY يشترى BOUGHT BOUGHTCATCH يمسك CAUGHT CAUGHTCAST يلقى CAST CASTCHOOSE يختار CHOSE CHOSENCLING ggب يتعلق CLUNG CLUNGCOME يأتى CAME COMECOST يساوى –يكلف COST COSTCREEP يزحف CREPT CREPTCUT يقطع CUT CUTDEAL يتعامل DEALT DEALTDIG يحفر DUG DUGDO يفعل DID DONEDRAW يجر –يرسم DREW DRAWNDRINK يشرب DRANK DRUNKDRIVE يدفع –يقود DROVE DRIVENDWELL يقطن DWELT DWELTEAT يأكل ATE EATENFALL يقع –يسقط FELL FALLENFEED يغذى –يطعم FED FEEDFEEL يشعر FELT FELTFIGHT يحارب FOUGHT FOUGHTFIND يجد FOUND FOUND
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةFLEE يهرب FLED FLEDFLY يطير FLEW FLOWNFORGET ينسى FORGOT FORGOTTENFORGIVE عن يعفو FORGAVE FORGIVENFREEZE يتجمد FROZE FROZENGET على يحصل GOT GOTGIVE يعطى GAVE GIVENGO يذهب WENT GONEGRIND يطحن GROUND GROUNDGROW يصبح –ينمو GREW GROWNHANG يشنق HANGED HANGEDHANG يعلق HUNG HUNGHEAR يسمع HEARD HEARDHIDE يخفى HID HIDDENHIT يضرب HIT HITHOLD يمسك HELD HELDHURT يؤذى HURT HURTKEEP –يحفظ
gب يحتفظKEPT KEPT
KNEEL يركع KNELT KNELTKNOW يعرف KNEW KNOWNLAY يضع LAID LAIDLEAN يستند –يسند LEANT LEANTLIE يرقد LAY LAINLIE يكذب LIED LIEDLEAD يقود LED LEDLEAP يقفز LEAPT LEAPTLEARN يتعلم LEARNT LEARNTLEAVE يترك LEFT LEFTLEND يقرض LENT LENTLET يدع LET LETLOSE يفقد LOST LOSTMAKE يجعل –يصنع MADE MADEMEAN يقصد –يعنى MEANT MEANTMEET يقابل MET METPAY يسدد –يدفع
مبلغPAID PAID
PUT يضع PUT PUTREAD يقرأ READ READRIDE يركب RODE RIDDENRING يدق RANG RUNGRISE يشرق –ينهض ROSE RISENRUN يجرى RAN RUN
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةSAW بمنشار يقطع SAWED SAWNSAY يقول SAID SAIDSEE يرى SAW SEENSEEK عن يبحث SOUGHT SOUGHTSELL يبيع SOLD SOLDSEND يرسل SENT SENTSET يضع –يغرب SET SETSEW يخيط - يحيك SEWED SEWNSHAKE يهز SHOOK SHAKENSHINE يلمع SHONE SHONESHOOT يطلق SHOT SHOTSHOW يعرض –يرى SHOWED SHOWNSHRINK ينكمش SHRANK SHRUNKSHUT يقفل SHUT SHUTSING يغنى SANG SUNGSINK يغرق SANK SUNKSIT يجلس SAT SATSLAY يذبح SLEW SLAINSLEEP ينام SLEPT SLEPTSMELL يشم SMELT SMELTSOW يبذر SOWED SOWNSPEAK يتكلم SPOKE SPOKENSPEND –يقضى
يصرفSPENT SPENT
SPELL يتهجى SPELT SPELTSPILL يسكب SPILT SPILTSPIN يدور –يغزل SPAN SPUNSPIT يبصق SPAT SPATSPLIT –يشطر
ينشطرSPLIT SPLIT
SPOIL يفسد SPOILT SPOILTSPREAD يغذو –ينشر SPREAD SPREADSPRING يقفز SPRANG SPRUNGSTAND يقف STOOD STOODSTEAL يسرق STOLE STOLENSTICK يلتصق –يلصق STUCK TUCKSTING يلدغ STUNG STUNGSTRIKE يضرب STRUCK STRUCKSWEAR يحلف –يقسم SWORE SWORNSWEAT يعرق SWEAT SWEATSWEEP يكنس SWEPT SWEPTSWELL يتورم SWELLED SWOLLENSWIM يسبح SWAM SWUM
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةSWING يتأرجح SWANG SWUNGTAKE يأخذ TOOK TAKENTEACH يدرس - يعلم TAUGHT TAUGHTTEAR يمزق TORE TORNTELL يخبر TOLD TOLDTHINK يعتقد –يفكر THOUGHT THOUGHTTHROW يحدف –يلقى THREW THROWNTHRUST يلقى –يدس THRUST THRUSTTREAD يدوس TROD TODDENUNDERSTAND يفهم UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOODWEAR يرتدى WORE WORNWEAVE ينسج WOVE WOVENWEEP يبكى WEPT WEPTWIN يكسب WON WONWIND يلف WOUND WOUNDWRITE يكتب WROTE WRITTEN
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البسيط المستقبل زمن
The simple future tense
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
I shall go to the cinema tonightThey will come soon
Next Friday we shall visit the zooThey will soon visit us
ما . موقف فى فعل كرد نيه سابق بدون شئ فعل تقرر عندما
I think I’ll stay at home this evening I don’t think I’ll go out tonight I’m too tired
االتية : الكلمات مع أيضا يستخدمProbably I’ll probably be a bit late this eveningI’m sureYou must meet Mona I’m sure you’ll like herI expect I expect ALI will get the jobThinkDo you think we’ll win the mach ?
المؤكدة : االحداث عن للتعبيرWinter will come again
مستقبلية : خطط عن للتعبيرThe president will open a new factory in Banha next week
الكلمات بعد البسيط المستقبل من بدال البسيط المضارع يستخدماالتية :
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Shall / Will )or( LL + infinitive
التكوين
سوف بحدث لألخبار يستخدمالمستقبل فى يحدث
Tomorrow – Next – In the future – Soon – Shortly –In a few minutes , days , weeks , months
كلماته
Think , know , believe , doubt , supposeAssume , expect , hope , be afraid
البسيط المستقبل يستعملاالتية االفعال بعد
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةWHEN – AFTER – TILL – UNTIL – IF – AS SOON AS
When he comes tomorrow , I’ll meet himAfter he eats . he will watch T.VI’ll wait for her till she comesIf he works hard , he will succeed
فى going to أو will نستخدم حدث عن مسبقا يتحدث عندماالمستقبل :
Do you think Ahmed will get the job ? Oh dear it’s already 4 o’clock we’re going to be late .
سوف عندما going to نستخدم الحدث أن من متأكدا المتكلم يكون : يقع
look at those black clouds , it’s going to rain I feel terrible now . I think I’m going to cry .
Shall / Will + be + ) verb + Ing (I shall be studyingHe will be playing
لكن و المستقبل فى حدث عن للتعبير المستمر المستقبل يستخدمعن يعبر الذى البسيط المستقبل عن يختلف هذا و بعاطفة أو بعفوية
موضوعية ... و بقصد المستقبلI shall come to your house tomorrow ) بسيط )مستقبلI shall be coming to your house tomorrow ) مستمر )مستقبل
المستقبل فى حدوثه المرجح من حدث عن للتعبير يستخدمMr. Zaki is 65, so he will be leaving the company next month Will you be staying late at the office tomorrow ?Yes , I will . I’ve a lot of work to do.
فى الوقت لبعض تستمر سوف التى االحداث عن للتعبير يستخدمالمستقبل
We’re washing up now , but this time next week we won’t be washing up we’ll be sitting on the beach in the sun
غيره قبل المستقبل فى يبدأ سوف حدث عن للتعبير يستخدم
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Will or Going to
The future continuous tenseالمستمر المستقبل زمن
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةI’ll be waiting for you , ) when you arrive (
I shall have finished فرغت قد سأكونThey will have finished فرغوا قد سيكونون
فى المستقبل فى أنتهى قد يكون سوف حدث عن للتعبير يستخدممعينة زمنية فترة غضون
السنة مدة In a year’s timeفيسن غضون In two year’s timeتينفي غدا الوقت This time tomorrowهذا
اإلسبوع من الوقت هذا مثل فيالقادم
This time next week
القادمة الجمعة By next Fridayبحدود غدا الوقت By this time tomorrowبهذا
الوقت ذلك By thenفيالقادمة المرة في Before next timeقبل
غدا الوقت هذا Before this time tomorrowقبلI have some work to do but I’ll have finished it by about eightThey will have finished the bridge in a year’s timeI shall have received a reply by this time tomorrow
قبل المستقبل فى وقوعه تم يكون سوف حدث عن للتعبير يستخدمأخر : حدث يحدث أن
When I have finished this work , I will ring you
على فعل ألسبقية أو مدة لتحديد يتعرض ال البسيط المستقبلفعل
I shall have dinner by 8 O’clock أو الزمن و الفعل بين أسبقية عالقة عن يعبر التام المستقبل
أخر فعل و الفعل بينI shall have had dinner by 8 O’clock
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The future perfect tenseاالسبق ) ( التام المستقبل
Shall / Will ) or ’LL ( + have + pp
كلماته
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة تحل أن المستقبل WILLمحل MIGHTأو MAYيمكن فى
الجواز أو الشك الى اليقين من المعنى فيتغير التاماالحتمالية) (
By 2020 pollution will have been eliminated )certain( التلوث 2020بحلول سيزال
By 2025/16/20230 the common cold may have been cured )uncertain(العادى 2020بحلول الزكام سيعالج
By 2020 the Jupiter might have been visited ( very uncertain(المشترى 2020بحلول سيزار
Verb to be ) am not – is not / are not / was not / were not ( Verb to have ) have not – has not – had not ( Defective verbs المعيوبة األفعال
Will not / shall not / would not / should not Can not / could not / may not / might not Must not / ought not to / don’t have to
Will not لن سوفshall not لنwould not الshould not ال أن يجبCan not يستطيع الcould not أن يستطيع الmay not ال قدmight not ال قدMust not أن يجب الought not to أن يجب الdon't have to الضروري من ليس
أن
He is clever he is not clever he isn’t cleverHe may com he may not come he mayn’t comeShe can play music she can not play music she can’t play music
Affirmative االيجاب------------------negative السالب
Used to أن Used not to ---------------------didn’t use to أعتادOught to يجب Ought not to-----------------Need to يحتاج Need not to – do not have toDare to Dare not to ---------------------
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Negation / النفى
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةيجرؤHe used to smokeHe used not to smokeHe didn’t use to smoke
They date to speak openlyThey dare not to speak openly
I speak English I do not speak English
I don’t speak English
You leave the door open You do not leave the door open
You don’t leave the door open
They play football They do not play football
The don’t play football
He writes clearly He does not write clearly
o He doesn’t write clearly
She studies hard She does not study hard
o She doesn’t study hard
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حرف من الخالى البسيط المضارع الفعل المفرد s ننفىالغائب
حرف به و الخالى البسيط المضارع الفعل المفرد s ننفى gب المصدر does notالغائب حذف ثم الغائب sمع المفرد
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
He went to the cinema yesterday He did not go to the cinema yesterday
He didn’t go to the cinema yesterday I saw them
I did not see them I didn’t see them
I have a car I don’t have a car I don’t have a car I have not a car I haven’t a car
He has a car He does not have a car He doesn’t have a car He has not a car He hasn’t a car
He had a car He did not have a car He didn’t have a car He had not a car He hadn’t a car
نضع المنفى السؤال بعد notفى أو أسم كان اذا الفاعل قبلضميرا كان اذا الفاعل
Why do you come early ?Why do you not come early ?
Why don’t you come early ?
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ggggggggggب البسيط الماضى ننفى ثم did not والمصggggggggggggدر
Verb to have as a principal رئيسى brev
snoitseuQنفى
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةWhy did you come early ?Why did you not come early ?
Why didn’t you come early ?Why does Ahmed come early ?Why does not Ahmed come early ?
Why doesn’t Ahmed come early ?Why does he not come early ?
Why did Ahmed come early ?Why did not Ahmed come early ?
Why didn’t Ahmed come early ?Why did he not come early ?
نستخدم االمر : do notللنهى فعل قبل Writ it twice Do not write it twice Send him this letter Do not send him this letter Let him go Do not let him go
تحول . noالى someتحول أو الفعل نفى anyالى someبدونالفعل : نفى مع
Negative with anyنفى مع نفى
الفعل
Negative with noنفى بدون نفىالفعل
Affirmativeإثبات
AnyoneAnybodyAnywhereAnything
No oneNobodyNowhereNothing
SomeoneSomebodySomewhereSomething
I give him some money I give him no money I do not give him any money
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Command االمر
SOME
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة I heard somebody speaking I heard nobody speaking I did not hear anybody speaking
He went somewhere He went nowhere He did not go anywhere
Eat something Eat nothing Do not eat anything
نستخدم باتا نفيا الكلمات هذه هذه never لنفى تحذف والجملة : من الكلمات
He usually goes to the theatreHe never goes to the theatre
Sometimes , they winThey never win
الجملة : فى الكلمات هذه بقاء مع العادية بالطريقة فننفى باتا! ليس و جزئي النفى كان إذا أماHe does not usually go to the theatre It did not always rain during our stay there He should not do that very often
األحيان أغلب في ذلك يعمل ال أن يجب هو
الى البات النفى فى الكلمات هذه بــ no تحول فتنفى إلا حاله : not و على الفعل بقاء معEvery boy came lateNo boy came lateNot every boy came late
Anyone can solve this problem
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نفىAlways , sometimes , often , usually
نفىEvery , Any , Each
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةNo one can solve this problemNot any one can solve this problem
نفينا بــــ not allبـ allإذا نفينا إذا أما البعض أستثناء تم وقع none of themفقد فقدأستثناء ... بلا الجميع على النفى
All the pupils in the school are cleverNot all the pupils in the school are cleverNone of them is clever مفرد فعل يليها
مثل كلمات بكلمة someday , never , everهناك الا لها نفى الفعل .neverلا قبل توضع وSomeday they will win They will never winHave you ever been to Rome ?No , I’ve never been there
كانت تحول and اذا واحد فاعلهما جملتين و or الى and تربط الاول الفعل نفى بعدبدون المصدر فى الثانى to وضع
we went to the cinema and enjoyed the film we did not go to the cinema or enjoy the film
كانت إذا تظل and اما مختلفان فاعلان لهما جملتين كل and تربط فعل ينفى و تغيير بدونحده على جملة
The boy went to the cinema and his sister stayed at home The boy did not go to the cinema and his sister did not stay at
home either
الثانى . neither…….nor بــــــــ both…..and ننفى الفعل يتبع الفعل أن مراعاة معboth the officer and the soldiers are braveneither the officer nor the soldiers are brave
جمع الاخيرة الجملة فى الفاعل أن soldiersلاحظBoth Ahmed and Hassan are childrenNeither Ahmed nor Hassan is a child
مفرد . للفعل المجاور الفاعل أن childلاحظBoth of them are childrenNeither of them is a child
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All ىggggggنف
AND
BOTH……………..AND
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
neither …………norبـــــ either………orننفى either he or sister must goneither he nor his sister must go
تحول الكلمات هذه نفى الفعل eitherعند نفى مع الجملة أخر توضع و Ali also play s music Ali doesn’t play music either Ali plays music too / as well Ali doesn’t play music either
تحول و االصلى الفعل and neither الى and soننفىHe went to the cinema and so did IHe didn’t go to the cinema and neither did I
الى as…..asتتحول النفى not so ……..asأو not as …..as فىhe is as clever as his friendhe is not as clever as his friendhe is not so clever as his friend
الى النفى فى الكلمات هذه نفى yetتتحول مع الجملة أخر فى gggب notالفعل
I have already seen this filmI have not seen this film yetHe has just arrivedHe has not arrived yet
Never أبداHardly غير من
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Either ……………….or
Also , Too , As well
And so do I / And so did I
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As ……………..As 16
Just , recently , already , presently 17
Never , hardly , seldom , not only , scarcely rarely
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةالمحتمل
Seldom نادراnot only وحيد ليسscarcely بالكادrarely نادرا
We rarely go to the cinema nowadaysI shall never see my home againHe not only succeeded but his father agreed to let him fly to Italy as wellShe hardly had seen the thief when she cried
هذه جاءت فإذا السؤال هيئة على الفاعل و الفعل قلب مع النفىهو ) و السؤال فى كما الفاعل الفعل يسبق الجملة أول فى الكلماتفقط ( االدبى االسلوب فى تستعمل و تعبيرية قوة الجملة يعطى
Rarely do we go to cinema nowadaysNever shall I see my home againNot only did he succeed but his father agreed to let him fly to Italy as wellHardly had she seen the thief when she cried
كانت الالزام mustاذا عن الى necessityأو obligation تعبر النفى فى mustn’tفتتحولأو shouldn’tأو النهى أو don’t have toأو needn’t بمعنى الضرورة إنتفاء بمعنى
الالزام ... عدمyou must take a taxiyou shouldn’t take a taxi ( don’t be so wasteful)you needn’t take a taxi ( the weather is fine and the way isn’t long )you don’t have to take a taxi ( no one wants you to )
تعبر اليقين mustعندما شبه الى near certainlyعن المنفية الجملة فى لا can’tتتحول بمعنىيعقل ... لا أو يمكن
He must be tiredHa can’t be tiredHe must have been mistakenHe can’t have been mistaken
A lot – a lot of – a great deal – a great deal of
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Must 19
Must be 20
A Lot 21
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةالى الكمية عن نعبر عندما الكلمات هذه الفعل muchتتحول نفى مع النفى عند
My father smokes a lot My father does not smoke muchHe did a great deal of workHe did not do much work
A lot of – a great manyالى العدد عن نعبر عندما الكلمات هذه الفعل manyتتحول نفى مع
He smokes a great many cigarettesHe does not smoke many cigarettesHe bought a lot of pencilsHe did not buy many pencils
قسمين الى تنقسمإجابتها : أوال تكون و مساعدة بأفعال تبدأ التى هى و هل gب أسئلة
من بواحدةYes , No , I don’t know , I have no idea
They are at home . are they at home ?
I have finished my work .Have you finished your work ?
I shall go to Alexandria .Will you go to Alexandria ?
الجملة فعل كان اذامن من to be جزء toأو
have االفعال أحد أويكون الناقصة
بتقديم االستفهامالفاعل . على الفعل
They work hardDo they work hard ?
الجملة فعل كان اذاالبسيط المضارع فى
فى doنضع sبدون يبقى و السؤال مقدمة
هو . كما الفعل He helps the poor
Does he help the poor ?الجملة فعل كان اذاالبسيط المضارع فى
ggggggب نضع s المنتهىdoes مقدمة فى
حرف نحذف و السؤالs . الفعل من
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A Lot of 22
الثانى الجزء نهاية
How to make a question سؤال عمل كيفية
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة He bought a new car
Did he buy a new car ?الجملة فعل كان اذا
البسيط الماضى فىمقدمة didنضع فى
يحول و السؤالمصدر الى الماضى
بدون toالفعل
إستفهام : .ثانيggا بأدوات تبدأ أسئلةمناسبة استفهام أداة نستخدم ثم عنه االستفهام المراد تحدد الحالة هذه فى
الفاعل على الفعل تقديم فى الطريقة نفس نتبع بعدها و االتية االدوات منحالة))) فى عدا مبتدأ ((( – what – whoما أو فاعل عن تسأل حينما
Who الفاعل عن للسؤالWho came yesterday ? )Ali (
1
Whom مجرور أو مفعول عن للسؤالWhom did you meet yesterday ? )Raghda(To whom did you write ? Whom did you send for ?
2
What عاقل غير فاعل عن للسؤالWhat sang on the tree ? ) bird (
3
What عاقل غير مجرور أو مفعول عن للسؤالWhat did you see on the tree ? )a bird (What is it for ?
4
What الفعل عن للسؤالWhat are you doing ) writing from a magazine (
5
Which معلومين أو محددين بين من عاقل غير أو عاقل ألختيارWhich boy car first ? )Ali (Which do you play , the guitar or the piano ? ) the guitar (
6
Whose عاقل غير أو عاقل المالك عن للسؤالWhose car is this ? )Ali's (Whose is that dog ? ) mine (
7
When الزمن عن للسؤالWhen did the accident happen ? ) an hour age (
8
Where المكان عن للسؤالWhere did the accident come to your knowledge ?
9
Why الغرض أو السبب عن للسؤالWhy did he stay at home ?Why doesn't he work harder ?
10
How الطريقة عن للسؤالHow do you go to school ? ) on foot (
11
How الصحة عن للسؤالHow is your father ? he's fine . thank you
12
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةإستفهاميggggggggggggggggggة عبارات
Question phrasesWhat time What time did you leave ? at half past fiveWhat color What color is the carpet ? greenWhat kind ofWhat sort of
What kind of shop is it ? it's a news agent'sWhat sort of shop is it ? it's a news agent's
What about I'm hungry جعان or ( I'm not hungry ( .أناWhat about you ? أنت وYes , me too . ) or ( me neither أنا ال و
How much السعر أو الكمية عن للسؤالHow much did you pay for this pencil ? )75 P.T(How much was this pencil ?
How many العدد عن للسؤالHow many brothers have you ? two
How often مرة المرات –كم عدد عن للسؤالHow often do you go to the cinema ? once a month
How old العمر عن للسؤالHow old are you ? sixteen
How long الزمنية المدة أو المسافة عن للسؤالHow long is the distance to the station ? 2 kilometersHow long did you stay in Alexandria ? a whole week
How far للمسافة كمHow far is your school from your house ? only a short walk
How high االرتفاع عن للسؤالHow high is the tower of cairo ?
How tall الطول عن للسؤالHow tall is your brother ?
How wide االتساع عن للسؤالHow wide is the hall ?
How large الحجم عن للسؤالHow large is the high dam ?
How deep العمق عن للسؤالHow deep is the well )البئر( ?
إألتى : الحggظHow + صفة What + مgggأس
How oldHow much
How long / farHow heavy
How high / tallHow deep
للعمر كمللثمن كم
للمسافة كمللوزن كم
لألرتفاع كمللعمق كم
What ageWhat price
What distanceWhat weightWhat hightWhat depth
Offers and invitations الدعوة و العرض1. Can I help you ?2. Shall I do it for you ?3. Would you like me to get you a taxi ?
Agreement الموافقة 1. Yes , please .
Disagreement الرفض 1. No , thank you
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Questions in situations في المواقفأسئلة
و العرضالدعوة
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة2. Thank you very much .3. That's very kind of you .
2. But it's all right . I can manage
Requests الطلب 1. would you mind taking me to the station ?2. will you wait a moment , please ?3. could you tell me when the next train is ?
Agreeing بالموافقة الرد1. NO NOT AT ALL ) I DON'T MIND AT
ALL (2. ALL RIGHT 3. YES OF COURSE / SURE /
CERTAINLY
Declining التمكن لعدم اعتذار1. unfortunately I haven't time2. I have to go now , actually3. I'm sorry , but I'm just going
out4. I'm afraid I can't just at the
moment
Suggestions االقتراح 1. shall we go for a swim ?2. what about / how about playing cards ?3. why don't we go shopping ?
Agreeing بالموافقة الرد1. it's a good idea / ok / fine2. yes , let's do that3. yes , why not ?
DISAPPROVAL / Declining التمكن لعدم اعتذار
1. I'm sorry it's too hot for me let's go to the club instead
2. that would be nice , but I have to meet someone
رجاء أو خبرية جملة تأييد بها يقصد استفهامية عبارة المذيل : السؤال
يكون منفية الخبرية الجملة كانت اذامثبت : المذيل السؤال
Mona didn't arrive yesterday , did she ?
They won't come tomorrow , will they ?
I can't swim , can I ?
يكون مثبتة الخبرية الجملة كانت اذا منفيا المذيل : السؤال
Ahmed is here , isn't he ? It was lovely today , wasn't it ? You'll be on holiday next
week , won't you ? Ahmed likes this weather ,
doesn't he ? They left early , didn't they ?
المذيل : للسؤال خاصة صيغI am …………………………. Aren't I ?I'm tired , aren't I ?I'm tired , am not I ?
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الطلب
االقتراح
QUESTION TAG المذيل السؤال
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةNeed We need to ask first , don't we ?We needn't ask first , need we ?
Used toThey used to play together , didn't they ?
االمر نبرة لتخفيفOpen the door , will you ?Shut the window , would you ?Come here , won't you ?Stand up , could you ?
Had better / 'd better – hadn't You'd better go , hadn't you ?
Would rather / 'd rather – wouldn't You'd rather stay , wouldn't you ?
Let's – shall Let's have some fresh air , shall we ?
Inversion of subject and verbAfter certain adverbs
(( الفاعل على الفعل تقديم)) here بgg الجملة بدء و االستفهام حاالت غير فى
فى الفاعل على الفعل يقدم قدthere أو عدم يفضل لذا القانونى أو االدبى االسلوب
.... ضرورة غير فى اليه الطالب لجوء الحاالت فى الفاعل قبل الفعل يأتى
: االتيgggggggggggggggggggggggةQuestions :Are you at home at 7 o'clock ?Where did he go yesterday ?
Question tags56
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1
2
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةHe is a doctor , isn't he ?She came late , didn't she ?
القانونى أو االدبى االسلوب فى حذفها عند if من بدال if he worked hard , he would succeed . should he work hard , he would succeed .
if he had run fast , he would have caught the train . had he run fast , he would have caught the train .
if I were you , I would help him . were I you , would help him .
االسلوب فى التعبير فى قوة أعطائها بقصد الجملة أول فى الصفة جاءت اذا . خاصة االدبى
The pupil was happy when he succeeded .Happy was the pupil when he succeeded .
The lesson is difficult to answer .Difficult is the lesson to answer .
التأكيــــــــــــد بقصد الجملة أول فى االتية الظروف جاءت اذا أبدا ال
I have never been to LondonNever have I been to London
never
غالبا He has often warned me not to listen to herOften has he warned me not to listen to her
Often
- عبثا جدوى بالHe tried in vain to open the door Vainly did he try to open the door
In vain )vainly (
gggب الجملة بدء thenأو thereأو hereعندThe man I spoke to you about is hereHere is the man I spoke to you aboutHere comes the milkman
Here
يوجد ) ( بمعنىThere are flowers of all colors in the gardenThere have been many wars in the history of the world.
There هناك الى goes everyone و
There isAre
Have been
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3
4
5
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةThen ذلك تال marched soldiers ومكان أى فى ليسWater is found nowhere in the desertNowhere in desert is water found
Nowhere
بعد يعد لمWe no longer use kerosene stovesNo longer do we use kerosene stoves
No longer
نادراMona seldom visits usSeldom does mona visit us
Seldom Rarely
مرتينI visited Europe twiceTwice did I visit Europe
Twice
قلماLittle does he realize how foolish he looks
Little
االحوال من حال بأىOn no account must you smoke again
On no account
مطلقا –حاشا –كال By no means does he smokeAt no time has it been so easy as nowadays
By no means
مثل only بــــ تبدأ التى الظروف بعدOnly by chanceOnly with difficultyOnly on rare occasionsOnly by luckOnly whenOnly thenOnly todayOnly yesterday
Only then can we overcome our problems مشاكلنا أمكن نت عندما فقط على نتغلب نOnly by luck could he pass the test .
على نفى )عطف and neither ( مثبت على مثبت ) عطف and so بعد ( نفى
he likes chocolate and so does shehe doesn't like chocolate and neither does she
الجملة أول فى االتية العبارات جاءت اذا
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةNo sooner ……………..than………Hardly…………………when……..Scarcely………………..when……..Not only………………..……………So……………………….such………
No sooner had he bought his bicycle than he smashed هشم the head light الفانوس Hardly had he recovered from influenza when he caught malariaSo hot is the pot that I can't hold idSuch a noise did they make that no one overtook him يالحقه Such was their noise that I almost burst with anger
كان تهكذا تقريبا بالغضب أطفح حيث ضوضائهمNot only did he break his promise but he told a lie as well
كذب أخبر ه لكن وعده نقض فقط ةليس أيضا
فاعل ) + + ( متعدى فعل مفعول للمعلوم المبنية الجملة أركانSubject + Transitive + Object
المبتدأ ) + للمجهول المبنية الجملة االصلى + ( be + ppأركان الفاعلAffected subject + be + pp + ) by agent (
للمجهول : مبنى الى للمعلوم مبنى من الجملة تحول طريقةالفعل ) .1 و الفاعل للمعلوم المبنية الجملة فى الثالثة االركان نحدد
المفعول ( و المتعدىفيها .2 المبتدا ليصير الجملة أول فى المفعول يوضعنضع beنضع .3 ثم الجديد المبتدأ يالئم بما االصلى الفعل زمن فى مصرفا
االصلى للفعل الثالث التصريفاالصلى .4 الفاعل نضع الضرورة by + agent / doerعندالمفعول .5 على منصب االهتمام يكون حينما للمجهول الجملة تبنى و هذا
معروف غير الفاعل كان مفعولين : ملحوظةأو يأخذ أحيانا و مفعول من المتعدى للفعل لابد
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Active voice and passive voiceالمبنى و للمعلوم المبنى
للمجهول
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة The boy eats that food That food is eaten by the boy
--------------------------------------------------------- The boy ate the food The food was eaten by the boy
--------------------------------------------------------- The boy will eat the food The food will be eaten by the boy
--------------------------------------------------------- The boy is going to eat the food The food is going to be eaten by the boy
--------------------------------------------------------- The boy is eating the food The food is being eaten by the boy
--------------------------------------------------------- The boy was eating the food The food was being eaten by the boy
--------------------------------------------------------- The boy has been eaten the food The food has been eaten by the boy
--------------------------------------------------------- The boy had eaten the food The food had been eaten by the boy
---------------------------------------------------------
خاصة حاالتللمعلوم .1 المبنية الجملة فعل كان الى have اذا يحول يمتلك own بمعنى
possess أو
I have a carA car is owend by meA car belongs to me
حال .2 للمعلوم المبنية الجملة فى جاء التصريف adverb اذا قبل يوضعللمجهول المبنية الجملة فى الثالث
The teacher punished the boy severelyThe boy was punished .
The pupils can solve the problem quicklyThe problem can be quickly solved .
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
االصلى .3 الفاعل ذكر عن االستغناء سياق doer يتم من مفهوم كان اذااالتية الكلمات أحد أو المعنى
people , somebody , someone معروف غير أو أهمية ذى غير أو
The police arrested the thiefThe thief was arrested
Someone broke the windowThe window was broken
They saw me walking down the streetI was seen walking down the street
People speak well of herShe is well spoken of
يمكن .4 مفعولين لها التى االفعال من للمعلوم المبنية الجملة فعل كان اذاالعاقل بالمفعول نبدأ أن
give , send , show , tell , ask مثل He gave me a presentI was given a present
نضع و العاقل غير بالمفعول نبدأ أن يمكن العاقل to و المفعول قبلA present was given to me
للمعلوم .5 المبنية الجملة فاعل كان فى no one أو nobody اذا يذكر الالفعل نفى مع المجهول
Nobody has seen him yetاآلن لحد رآه أحد ال
He was not been seen yet اآلن لحد رأى ما هو
مثل .6 بعبارة للمعلوم المبنية الجملة تبدأ عندما1. People say
يقولون الناس2. Doctors think
يعتقدون األطباء3. Scientists believe
يعتقدون العلماء4. The papers say
تقول الصحف
People say that peace will prevail It is said that peace will prevail سيسود السالم بأن يقال
Doctors think it is malaria
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةIt is thought to be malaria مالريا كانت بأنه يعتقد
They say he's jealous of herIt's said he's jealous of her منها غيور بأنه يقال
Some people still believe that fairies العفاريت existIt is still believed that fairies existFairies are still believed to exist
الgggggggggggggggى .7 يحول االمر let………be فعلOpen the doorLet the door be opened
الgggggggggggggggggggggى .8 يحول don't let …………..be النهىDon't open the doorDon't let the door be opened
انعكاس .9 ضمير نستعمل واحدا شخصا المفعول و الفاعل يكون عندماللمجهول المبنى فى الفاعل على يعود
He let people cheat himHe let himself be cheated
Don't let people hear youDon't let yourself be heard
Don't let your wife mock تسخر youDon't let yourself mocked ) by your wife (
بدون .10 المصدر يليها التى االفعال من للمعلوم المبنية الجملة فعل كان اذاto مثل
Make , Hear , Help , See , Let مع المصدر المبنية to يعطى الجملة فىللمجهول :
We heard warda singWarda was heard to sing
He made me write the lessonI was made to write the lesson
لو .11 كما للمجهول يبنى المستمر التام الماضى أو المستمر التام المضارعالتام : الماضى أو التام المضارع كان
He has been writing a letterA letter has been written
We had been building the houseThe house had been built
فيها .12 المساعد الفعل يتحول استفهامية للمعلوم المبنية الجملة كانت اذاالى للمجهول مبنية الى تحويلها verb to be عند
Do people speak English all over the world ?Is English spoken all over the world ?
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
Does she break the plates ?Are the plates broken ?
Has anyone broken the window ?Has the window been broken ?
استفهام .13 بأداة السؤال بدأ الى who اذا by whom تحولWho killed the man ?By whom was the man killed ?
Who will carry out the project ?By whom will the project be carried out ?
استفهام .14 بأداة السؤال بدأ الى whom اذا who تحولWhom did the teacher punish yesterday ?Who did the teacher punish yesterday ?
Who was punished by the teacher yesterday
Whom did the thief steal last week ?Who did the thief steal last week ?
Who was stolen last week ?االخgggggggggggggggggggرى .15 االستفهام أدوات
Where did they hide the moneyWhere was the money hidden ?
How could they overcome the problem ?How could the problem be overcome ?
When are they going to tell the people ?When are the people going to be told ?
Why must I type the letters ?Why must the letters be typed by me ?
مع ) .16 مصدر المفعول بعد جاء مثل ( to اذاTell / Ask / Advise / Expect
He advised me to give up smokingI was advised to give up smoking
للمجهول .17 المصدر يبنى أحياناI never expected the police to arrest the thiefI never expected the thief to be arrested
به .18 المفعول يكون noun clause أحياناWhy he is sad is known to every bodyIt is known to everybody why he is sad
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الى للمجهول مبنية جملة من خبرية جملة تحويل
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
بعد الذى الفاعل عليك byنضع محذوف كان اذا و الجملة أول فىالجملة سياق من تخمينه أو أستنتاجه
زمن الثالث ) ( beنحدد التصريف فى تجده الذى االصلى الفعل نضع والجديد الفاعل يالئم بما
تحذفbe ( وby + agent ) وجدت إن مباشرة الفعل بعد به المفعول نضع
The letter was written by AhmedAhmed wrote the letter
The thief has been arrested The police have arrested the thief
The lesson is being explainedThe teacher is explaining the lesson
The window could be broken Someone could break the window
تحولverb to be المساعد المناسب الفعل الى حقيقة بالفعل قام الذى الفاعل يليه المفعول و الفعل يلية
Is the house cleaned ?*Does the servant clean the house ?
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الى سؤالتحويل للمجهول مبني سؤال مبني
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةIs the house built by the men ?*Are the men building the house ?
Was the enemy attacked yesterday ?*Did our army attack the enemy yesterday ?could the problem be solved ?*could they solve the problem
have the books been collected ?*has the teacher collected the books ?
who الى by whom تتحول by whom was the man killed ?who killed the man
whom الى who تتحول who was punished by the teacher ?whom did the teacher punish ?
االستفهام أدوات باقىWhy was the work neglected أهمل ?Why did they neglect the work ?
When will the patient be examined ?When will the doctor examine the patient ?
الضمائر مع المستقبل عن للتعبير we , I تستخدمWe shall be away next weekWe'll be away next week
I shall be ready in about half an hour
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MODEL VERBS = النموذجية االفعال
1 - SHALL
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةI'll be ready in about half an hour
I shall have finished the book by FridayI'll have finished the book by Friday
I shall not be here next weekI shan't be here next week We shan't stay long
أستخدام المستقبل shall يمكن لتأكيد االخرى الضمائر معI will go out ; no one shall keep me inHe shall never forget my good advice
النيgggggggggggggggة عن للتعبير الفاعل intention تستخدم بعد جائت اذاI shall visit luxor tomorrowI intend to visit luxor tomorrow
الخدمة او المساعدة عرض اسلوب فى offer to help تستخدمجائت سؤال shall اذا شكل على الفاعل قبل
shall I open the window ?shall I carry your bag for you ?
االقتراح تقديم فى suggestion تستخدم
I suggest going out this evening
الوعد تقديم فى أيضا promise تستخدمI shall / I'll get your money back .I promise I'll get your money back .
الضمائر will تستخدم كل مع المستقبل عن للتعبيرthey say that it will rain tomorrowlife will be very different in a hundred yearsenjoy your trip . thank you . I'm sure I will
تستخدم االتية will غالبا الكلمات مع Probably المحتمل من
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shall I ? / shall we ?I / we +suggest ) v + ing (
2 - WILL
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةI'll probably be a bit late this evening
I'm sure متأكد أناYou must meet mona . I'm sure you'll like her
I expect أتوقع أناI expect samy will get the job
I think أظن أناDo you think we'll win the match
I hope أمل أناI hope all of you succeed .
للرجاء : will تستخدم أو االمر حدة لتخفيف مذيل سؤال فىshut the door , will you ?you won't tell him , will you ? = I hope not .
التأكيد can بمعنى will تستخدم سبيل على لتبينthis car will hold six people
تاليggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggة : will تستخدم أخرى مواقف فى
المساعدة That bag looks heavy . I will help you with itعرضعمل رفض أو موافقة
ما I've asked Ahmed to help me but he won'tشئThe car won't start . what's wrong with it
شيئا تفعل بأن I promise to phone you as soon as I arrive *الوعدI'll phone you as soon as I arrive
شئ طلب أو الرجاءشخص ? Will you shut the door , pleaseمن
Will you telephone me later , please ?اللحظة وليد قرار I think I'll buy this carاتخاذ
Oh no I forget I'll do it now ? Will you sit downالدعوةWill you come to tea tomorrow ?Will you have dinner with us ?Will you visit us to see our new house ? I sent the parcel last week , so they'll have it by nowاليقينHe left an hour ago , so he'll at home by now
لا و الحازمة الاوامرأختصار فى willيتمالحالة هذه
You will do as I tell you .Nurses will wear uniform at all times .
و العادة عن تعبيريتغير لا الذى Boys will be boysالدأب
أولاد سيكونون الأولادA dog will obey his master
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةسيده سيطيع كلب أي
Accidents will happenستحدث الحوادث
Oil will float on water الماء على سيعوم النفط
He will ask silly questions سخيفة أسئلة سيسأل هو
ماضى should تدل ليست هى و المضارع زمن حالة shall على فى االالمباشر . غير الى المباشر الكالم من الجملة تحويل
He said to me . I shall visit you tomorrowHe told me that he would visit me the next day
فعال should تنبه واقع حدث على تدل ال و فكرة علىhe is here he should be here
االستحباب should تستخدم و للنصحyou must be carefulyou should be careful
ينبغى ما خالف على الواقع أن على تنبهYou should be ashamed of yourself
الوجوب درجة الى يرقى ال لكن فيه مرغوب شئ على تدلTry to help or something : why should I ?
تعبر النفى حالة أو shouldn't فى فكرة هناك أن بأعتبار مستحب غير واقع عنأكرم و أفضل حال
The children shouldn't be playing = ) they ought to be / to have been in class (
you shouldn't do that = ) you are old enough to know better (
تعلق تصبح should عند الواقع should have بالماضى خالف شئ عن تعبر وyou should have come earlier = ) but you didn't (ينبغى كان الذى الصح على الخطأ موقع فى التنبيه و اللوم توجيه عند تستخدم
We should have booked well in advance مقدما حسنا نحجز أن يجب كان= ) but we didn't and now we've only got those uncomfortable seats (
تنبه مثلما تنبه . should have و يقع لم ما على النفية should not have المثبتة: فعال حدث ما على
You should not have sent that fool . األحمق ذلك ترسل أن يجب كان ما= ) but you sent him and only spoiled the day ( اليوم وأفسدت أرسلته لكنكفقط
االتية should تأتى االفعال بعدSuggest يقترحRecommend يوصىDemand –يطلب
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3 - SHOULD
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةيتطلب
Insist يصرPropose –يفترض
يقترحThey insisted that we should meet again to discuss that matterShe demands that I should apologize to her
االتية should تأتى الصفات بعدImportant مهمNatural طبيعيStrange غريبOdd شاذSurprised مفاجئSurprising المفاجئةTypical مثاليFunny مضحكEssential ضروريInteresting اإلهتمامexpected متوقع
It's strange that he should be late . he's usually on timeI was surprised that he should say such a thing .
بعد lest بعد should تأتى بعد so that و التوقع for fear that و عن للتعبيرhe works lest he should failI remained silent , for fear that he should hear meThe door was locked so that no one should get out
جملة should تأتى يمكننا if فى و الشرط لفعل ملطفا أو مهذبا وقعا لتعطىالشرط ) ( : جواب من الثانى و االول الشرط نوع تبين
if I should die , you would get the money ) تمثيلى ثانى –شرط نوع (if you should be late , I'll wait for you ) يقينى أول –شرط نوع (
الثانى : if محل should تحل أو االول النوع من الشرط حالة فىif he works hard , he will succeed = ) should he work hard , he will succeed (if he worked hard , he would succeed = ) should he worked hard , he would succeed (
want to بمعنى should like to تستخدم I should like to be rich = ) I want to be rich (We should all like to become great men= ) we all want to become great men (I should like to ask a question= ) I want to ask a question (
للتعبير I believe بمعنى I should think تستخدمCan you come ? yes , I should think so , كالم عايزة موش نعم ؟ المجئ تستطيع.
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة= ) I believe I can come (
duty الواجggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggب You should pay your debtsYou shouldn't tell lies
advice النصيحggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggة I think you should go by air , it's much quickerYou shouldn't park in this street . it's narrow
if جملggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggة If you should be late , I'll wait for you
تستخدمwould االشخاص و الضمائر كل مع تختصرwould ىggggggggggggggال'd تختصرwould not ىggggggggggالwouldn't تحولwill الىwould تحول كالم wouldn'tالى won'tو من التحويل عند
مباشر غير الى مباشر
* Ahmed said to Mona , " I'll lend you some money "- Ahmed told Mona that he would lend her some money* Ali said , " I promise I won't be late "- Ali promised that he wouldn't be late
الماضى would تستخدم فى مميزة أو مستحبة عادة عن للتعبير* when we were children , we lived by the sea . in summer , if the weather was fine , we would all get up early and go for a swim .* when he was a boy , he would often stay out late* whenever Ahmed was angry , he would just walk out of the room
االفعال would تأتى بمعنى care / like مع تكون المضارع want to و فىI would like to see Ahmed .= ) I want to see Ahmed (would you care for some milk ?= ) do you want some milk (
استخدام فى would you care / would you like يمكن المضارع هذا عن للتعبيرنفى و سؤال صيغة
Would you care to have a cup of tea ?= ) would you like to have a cup of tea ? (= ) do you want to have a cup of tea ? (
التفضيل rather / sooner مع would تستخدم عن للتعبير
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4 - WOULD
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةI would rather go= ) I would prefer to go (
يجور wish بعد would تستخدم ال و المضارع فى االستبطاء أو الضيق عند will استخدام
I wish it would stop rainingI wish someone would answer the telephone , it' been ringing for about five minutes .The music next door is very loud . I wish they would trun it down .
االخرين wish بعد wouldn't تستخدم تصرف يعجبنا ال عندماI wish you wouldn't drive so fast . it makes me nervous .
أخرى would تستخدم مواقف فى
المواقف تخيلImagining situations
It would be nice to have a party here one weekIf I had a lot of money , I'd travel round the world
أو الرغبةالتمنىwishing
I'd like to meet your brotherI wish this rain would stop
بطريقة الطلبمهذبة
Polite request
Would you write your address here , please ?Would you please let me know this as soon as possible ?Would you mind waiting a moment please ?
الدعوةinvitation
Would you like to come to dinner ?= I invite you to dinner .would you mind lending me your pen ?= please lend me your pen .
التفضيلpreference
I'd rather have tea than coffee= ) I prefer tea to coffee (
Wouldn't))))الرفض refusing
He would not give me back my book= he refused to give me back my book
–االستعداد الموفقة
Willingnessagreement
I should buy the car if he would sell it
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
بمعنى to know how to تستعملShe can speak French =)she has the ability to speak French without difficulty(
بمعنى be allowed to / have permission to / may تستعملYou can't play football here =)you aren't allowed to play football here(
=)you don't have permission to play football here(
االدراك و الحس أفعال مع تستعملSee / Hear / Believe / Smell / Imagine / Guess / Remember / Understand
I'm looking at him and I can see him I'm listening hard but I can't hear it I can smell something burning I can believe that I can't imagine why ? Can you remember where they live ?
ألستخدام أخرى Can مواقف
I can swim Ahmed can't drive
القدرةAbility
Dreadful accidents can happen in coal minesالفحم مناجم في تحدث أن يمكن المخيفة الحوادث
It can rain un Egypt even in the summerالصيف في حتى غير مصر يمطر أن يمكن
عدم = نظريا االمكاناالستحالةPossibility
People can drive a car in Britain when they are seventeen الحق –االذن Permission
Can I use your pen , please ? االذن طلبAsking permission
Yes , of course , you can االذن إعطاءGiving permission
No , I'm afraid , you can't االذن رفضRefusing permission
Can you help me lift it , please ? ما شخص من الطلبما شئ عمل
Asking someone to do something
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5 - CAN
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
The past tense of canالماضى فى قدرة أو مهارة على للداللة
I can't swim now , but I could when I was young مثل االفعال بعض مع
See , Hear , Smell , Taste , Feel , Remember , Understand When we went into the house , we could smell something burning .She spoke in low voice , but I could understand what she was saying .
التقريرى )) (( could تستعمل الخطاب فىInstead of )) can (( in )) reported speech ((
He said , " you can smoke "= )) he said we could smoke ((
االتية : could تستعمل المواقف فىpossibility ) in the present time or future (don't do that ; it is very dangerous ; you could easily kill yourselfI could come tomorrow ) if you would like me to (
Ability ) in the past (Could = ) was able to (The doctor could save the patient's life = ) the doctor was able to save the patient's life (
polite request المهذب الطلبمن could youتعتبر تأدبا من would youأكثر can youو
could you show me the way to post office , please ?yes , of course باالثبات االجابةI'm afraid . I can't بالنفى االجابة
Probability االحتمال Could = might االحتمال عن للتعبيرAn accident could happen so easily .An accident might happen so easily .
Possibility The window was open . a thief could get in =) there was a possibility / chance ; but in fact nothing happened (
the window was open . and a thief was able to get in .=) the house was actually robbed because a thief got in through the open window (
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6 - Could
الحظ الفرق
هام جggggدا
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
could = feel ready to do something ) present or future (I am very happy ; I could jump for joy= ) I feel ready to jump for joy (
I dislike him so much that I could hit him = ) I feel ready to hit him (
could = had the power to I could solve the problem = ) I had the power to solve the problem (
couldn't = tried and failed فشل و حاولI couldn't solve the problem = ) I tried and failed to solve the problem (= ) I didn't have the power to solve the problem (
to express permission ) in the present ( = have permission to المضارع فى االذن عن للتعبير
They say we may go home=) we have the permission to go home (
نستخدم الماضى حالة فى أماWas / Were allowed toWe were allowed to go home= ) we had permission to go home (
after ))so that (( , ))in order that(( , ))hope that(( to express purpose المفعول – الغرض if the main verb is present or future ألجلهhe works hard so that he may get high marks I shall go to bed in the hope that I may sleep
To express wishes الدعاء و االمنيات عن للتعبيرMay you live for ever !May we all meet again soon !May your baby be a boy .
To express uncertainly التأكد عدم عن للتعبيرHe may come nowIf you are careful you may winIt may be a fine day tomorrow , or it may not
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7 - May
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
To express possibility بها مجزوم غير أمكانية عن للتعبيرYou may learn to drive in a week=) it is possible for you to learn in a week (why hasn't he come ? he may have missed the train =) perhaps he has missed the train (
to express probability أخر شئ على شئ رجحان عن للتعبيرhe may be in his office =) perhaps he is in his office , but I'm not 100% sure (
the past tense of )may(
past tense of may in reported speechhe said , " we may go home "he said that they might go home
after ))so that(( , ))in order that(( , ))in the hope that(( if the principal الرئيسى verb is in the past :he worked hard so that he might succeed .he ran fast in the hope that he might catch the train .I hoped that we might meet again .
To express doubt الشك إلبداءLet us go to Ahmed's house , he might be inNobody knows what might happen tomorrowDon't touch it . it might go off تنطلق He is not good at English . but he might pass
To show a very unlikely possibility إمكانية جدا المحتمل غير منHe might come , but I don't think he will He might have missed the train =)perhaps he missed it , but I don't think so(
تعتبر االحتمال حالة من might فى بكثير may أضعفتعتبر االستئذان حالة فى من might بينما أدبا may أكثر
Might I come in ? " yes , you certainly can "
Used like )) ought to ((You might at least say )thank you( when someone helps you .=)you ought to say "thank you" when someone helps you (
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8 - Might
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
فورا must تعبر التنفيذ الواجبة النصيحة أو االلزام عنwe must go now.must you leave tomorrow .you must tell the truth .
تتغير أو must ال االلزام بمعنى كانت اذا المباشر غير الكالم فى تحويلها عندالتحذير أو النصح
I said to him , " you must go "I told him that he must go
حالتين must تستخدم فىالحتمية -1 أو الضرورة عن التعبير necessityعندالرجحان -2 عن تعبر near certainlyعندماصورة على تكون المنع mustn'tو أو الحظر حالة ,prohibitionفىصورة على أو can't – mayn't – mightn'tو االستحالة حالة فى
الترجيح . عدم أو االستبعاد
االلتزام و الضرورة حالة فى أن necessity تستخدم تستطيع ال أنك تعنى وشئ : فعل تتجنب
You must buy a ticketYou must get up early
تكون الماضى فىI had to buy a ticket
المضارع فى الضرورة أنتفاء حالة فىI don't have to buy a ticket
الماضى صيغة فىI didn't have to buy a ticket
أستخدام من have to يمكن must بدالOh dear ! it's later than I thought . I have to go now .You have to have a passport to visit most foreign countries .
mustHave toااللزام و الضرورة عن للتعبير تستخدم
الخارج من I must write to my cousin , I
haven't written to him for ages I must be at the station at nine You must give up smoking
أحيانا روتين عن للتعبير تستخدم Excuse me. I have to be at the
station at nine Mona's eyes are not very good she
has to wear glasses for reading
Mustn'tDon't have toالحظر و النهى عن تعبر
You mustn't do thatالداعى أو الضرورة أنتفاء عن تعبر You don't have to do that
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9 - Must
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة I promised I'd be on time . I
mustn't be late The baby is sleep . you mustn't
shout
I don't have to wear a suit to work but I usually do
I can't meet you on Friday . I have to do some work .
أمر must تستخدم لترجيح أو القوى لألستنتاج1-father is not at home , or at the office . he must be at the club .2-my husband always comes straight home from office . tonight he is little late his train must be late . 3-that man never works . he must be getting his money somewhere .4-I always see Mr. Zaki coming home in the early morning he must be working nightshifts .
الماضى : must have + pp تستخدم بالزمن معلق أستنتاج عن حاليا للنعبيرhe must have been miskaken )ترجيح(he can't have been right . )استحالة(
ought to مثل must ) ( الماضى تصف أنها و المضارع واحدة صيغة لها أن فىالمباشر غير الكالم فى
he ought to work harder than he doesI told him what ought to be doneI asked him what I ought to do
ماضى ought to have + pp تستخدم زمن عن للتعبيرwhy haven't you learnt your lesson ? you ought to have learnt it yesterday
فقط ought to تعبر بواجبه الشخص التزام من عن أقوى هى should وyou ought to )should( finish your work before going out .
oughtn't to بمعنى و يقع أن يجب كان ما الفعل أن it's wrong تعنىyou oughtn't to talk so loud ; you might wake the baby = ) it's wrong to talk so loud (
to express duty الواجب عن التعبيرyou ought to obey your parentsto express obligation الفائدة أو المصلحة أجل من االلزام عن التعبيرyou ought to walk . you should walkto express probability يحدث أن ممكن سوف لما االحتمال عن التعبيرthe Nile is high this year . there ought to be a good harvest .he works hard ; he ought to pass the examination easily.
الضرورة needn't تستخدم إنعدام أو االلزام نفى عن للتعبيرyou needn't get up early on holidaysyou needn't talk so loud . I can hear you quite well
الصريح needn't تستخدم النهى لتخفيف
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10 – ought to
11 - Needn't
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةyou needn't take any more mediciene
مستقبل won't need تستخدم كصيغةyou won't need take a taxi . the station is very near .
الماضى needn't have to تستخدم فى لصيغةyesterday you needn't have phoned me . I would come myself .
التأكيgggggggggggggد مراحل
1ABSOLUTE CERTAINTY / مطلق يقين مؤكد
البسيط TO BEتستخدم المضارع زمن فى فعل أى أوYOU ARE MISTAKEN = ( I'M VERY SURE YOU ARE MISTAKEN )
البسيط TO BEتستخدم الماضى زمن فى فعل أى أوYOU WERE MISTAKEN = (I'M VERY SURE CERTAIN YOU WERE MISTAKEN )
2NEAR CERTAINTY اليقين الى أقرب
المضارع MUST BEتستخدم زمن فىYOU MUST BE MISTAKEN = ( I THINK YOU ARE MISTAKEN )
الماضى MUST HAVE + PPتستخدم زمن فىYOU MUST HAVE BEEN MISTAKEN = ( I THINK YOU WERE MISTAKEN )
3PROBABILITY االحتمال
المضارع MAY BEتستخدم زمن فىYOU MAY BE MISTAKEN= ) PERHAPS YOU ARE MISTAKEN BUT I'M NOT SURE (
الماضى MAY HAVE + PPتستخدم زمن فىYOU MAY HAVE BEEN MISTAKEN= ) PERHAPS YOU WERE MISTAKEN BUT I'M NOT SURE (
4UNCERTAINTY االحتمال –االستبعاد التأكيggggد –ضعف عدم
المضارع MIGHT BEتستخدم زمن فىYOU MIGHT BE MISTAKEN
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Stages Of Certainty
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة= ) YOU CAN'T BE CERTAINLY MISTAKEN (
الماضى MIGHT HAVE + PPتستخدم زمن فىYOU MIGHT HAVE BEEN MISTAKEN = ) YOU CAN'T HAVE BEEN MISTAKEN FOR CERTAIN (
مخطئ كنت بأنك الجزم يمكن ال
أخريggggggن عن المنقول الكالمDIRECT & INDIRECT
تحولSAY الىTELL PROTEST – POINT TO – OBJECT – EXPLAIN - COMPLAIN كما تظل
هى تضع و االقواس عن THATتحذف االستغناء يجوز ذلك مع و ربط كأداة
THAT الحالة حسب الضمائر تحول القول فعل كان المستقبل SAYاذا أو البسيط المضارع زمن فى
و التحويل عند تتغير ال االشارة أسماء و الظروف و االزمنة فأن البسيطالضمائر فى فقط التغيير يكون
HE SAYS , "I USUALLY VISIT MY UNCLE EVERY WEEK" HE SAYS THAT HE USUALLY VISITS HIS UNCLE EVERY WEEK HE SAYS TO US , " I'M HAPPY " HE TELLS US THAT HE IS HAPPY
ماضى الى قيل الذى المضارع تحول الماضى فى الكالم نقل عندWASAMWEREARE HADHAVE / HAS COULDCANWOULDWILLMIGHTMAYSAWSEE
التام الماضى الى الماضى يحول HAD + PPوHAD BEENWASHAD BEENHADMAY HAVE BEENMAY BEHAD BEENWEREMUST HAVE BEENMUST BEMIGHT HAVE BEENMIGHT BE
الضرورة عند المكان و الزمان ظروف و االشارة أسماء تحول كماIndirectDirect
ThatThisThoseTheseThereHereThenNowThat dayToday
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REPORTED SPEECH
1 - STATEMENT الخبرية الجملة
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةThat nightTo nightThe next dayTomorrowThe day before YesterdayThe following week / monthNext week / monthThe night beforeYesterday evening / last nightBeforeAgoTwo days agoThe day before yesterdayIn two day's timeThe day after tomorrow
He said , " it is hot today " He said that it was hot that day He said , " I took a car " He said that he had taken a car He said to me , " I went to Tanta with my father yesterday " He told me ) that ( he had gone to Tanta with his father the day before She said to her friend , " this was my school " She told her friend ) that ( that had been her school
ترتب أذا خاصة االقواس داخل االفعال أزمنة تغيير االمر يقتضى ال أحياناالمعنى . اضطراب ذلك على
He said , " my name is Ahmed "He said that his name is Ahmed
He said to me , " my father enjoys good health "He told me that his father enjoyed good health ) but doesn't now (
The teacher said to us , " the earth is round "The teacher told us the earth is round .
معا فنربطهما خبرتين جملتين على يحتوى المباشر الحديث كان اذابالعبارة
and that / and added that the man said , " I know that it is wrong . I shall try to do it better tomorrow "the man said that he knew that it was wrong and added that he would try to do it better the next day
جملة تأتى كالم he said / said heقد الى تحويلها فعند الجملة أخر فى gggggggggب الجملة نبدأ مباشر he saidغير
" I went to the cinema yesterday " , he saidhe said )that( he had gone to the cinema the day before .
جملة أن نفترض التحويل فعند المنادى على المباشر الكالم أحتوى اذاهى القول
المخاطب)) + ((said toأسم
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة" you can phone me from your office , Ahmed " , said Alice Alice told Ahmed )that( he could phone her from his office .
بكلمة المباشر الحديث جملة بدأت تحول yesاذا و التحويل عند فنحذفهاالى saidكلمة
Answered in affirmative ) ( أو باألثبات أجاب acknowledgedأو agreeبمعنىأو ) ( أقgggر بadmitted . ) ( ) ( gggبمعنى سلم أو أعتggggggرف بمعنى
He said , " yes , this is my coat "He answered in affirmative )that( that it was his coat= ) he acknowledged / admitted that it was his coat .
بكلمة المباشر الحديث جملة بدأت تحول noاذا و الى saidنحذفهاAnswered in the negative ) ( أو بالنفى أو ) ( refusedأجاب أنكر ) ( deniedرفض
He said , " no , it isn't ."He answered in negative )that(it was not= ) he denied it to be so (
مثل تحية صورة على المباشرة الجملة كانت saidتحول good morningاذا wishedالى
He said to me , " good morning . it is fine today "He wished me good morning and added that it was fine that day
مثل وداع كلمة جاءت تحول good-byeاذا المباشر الكالم الى saidفىbade
He said to me , " goodbye . I shall see you next week "He bade me goodbye and added that he would see me the following week .
تحول المباشر الحديث فى شكر كلمة جاءت thankedالى saidاذاHe said to me , " thank you very much "He thanked me very much
مثل اعتذار كلمة جاءت الى I'm sorryاذا he apologizedتحولها جاءت االلتزام necessityبمعنى must , needn't , mustn'tاذا compulsionأو
. ) المباشر ) غير الكالم فى الماضى الى فتحول مضارع التكلم لحظةMust – had toNeedn't – didn't have toMustn't – wasn't to
He said , " I must go now "He said he had to go then .
He said , " I needn't go "He said he didn't have to go .
He said , " I mustn't go "He said he wasn't to go .
كالتالى التغيير فيكون بالمستقبل عالقة له الكالم كان اذا81
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةMust – would have toNeedn't – wouldn't have toMustn't – wasn't to
He said , " I must go next week "He said he would have to go the following week
He said , " I needn't go next week "He said he wouldn't have to go the following week
He said , " I mustn't go next week "He said he wasn't to go the following week
جاءت كذلك mustاذا و تتغير ال اليقين أو التأكد حالة mustn'tبمعنى فىالنهى أو المنع
she said , " he must be tired "she said he must have been tired
he said to us , " you mustn't cross the road against the red light "he told us we mustn't cross the road against the red light .
جملة جاءت الى come hereاذا تتحول المباشر الكالم فى go thereفىالمباشر غير الكالم
He said to me , " I shall come here tomorrow "He told me that he would go there the next day .
كالم الى مباشر كالم من التحويل عند تتغير ال التالية الناقصة االفعالمباشر غير
He said , " I would help if I could "He said that he would help me if he could
" You ought to read the instructions ," said he .he advised me to read the instructions .
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
التالى :SAIDتحول - 1 الجدول حسبINDIRECTDIRECTالحالة
خادمه الى سيد ORDERED / COMMANDEDSAID/SAID TOمنمدرس / / طبيب من نصيحة
والدADVISESAID/SAID TO
كلمة بدون PLEASE BEGGED / PRAYEDSAID/SAID TOرجاءله مساو لشخص شخص من
المقامASKED / TOLD / REQUESTEDSAID/SAID TO
النهى و WARNEDSAID/SAID TOللتحذيرREMINDEDSAID/SAID TOللتذكيرWANTED / WISHEDSAID/SAID TOللرغبة THREATENEDSAID/SAID TOللتهديد
الفعgggggggggggggggل TOنضع – 2 مصدر قبلنحذف – 3 النهى حالة تكتب DON'Tفى المصدر NOT TO و قبلالجملة – 4 فى الحالة حسب الضمائر تحول
THE OFFICER SAID TO HIS MEN , " FIRE " THE OFFICER ORDERED HIS MEN TO FIRE
HE SAID TO THE SERVANT , " CLEAN MY ROOM AND SHUT THE DOOR " HE ORDERED THE SERVANT TO CLEAN HIS ROOM AND SHUT THE DOOR
THE DOCTOR SAID TO ME , " GIVE UP SMOKING AND GO TO BED EARLY" THE DOCTOR ADVISED ME TO GIVE UP SMOKING AND GO TO BED EARLY
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2 - COMMANDS AND REQUESTSالطلggggggggب صيغة و األمgggggggر صيغة
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة " OPEN THE DOOR FOR ME " SHE SAID TO ME SHE ASKED ME TO OPEN THE DOOR FOR HER
SHE SAID , " REMEMBER TO THANK YOUR TEACHER " SHE REMINDED ME TO THANK MY TEACHER
" DON'T MAKE SO MUCH NOISE " SHE SAID TO THE CHILDREN SHE WARNED THE CHILDREN NOT TO MAKE SO MUCH NOISE
تحولSAID أوSAID TO ىgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggالASKED / ENQUIRED / WANTED TO KNOW / WONDERED
نضع هل gب السؤال كان خبرية . WETHERأو IFاذا الى االستفهامية الجملة تحول و تحذفDO أوDOES تحذف و الماضى الى الفعل تحول الى DIDو الفعل تحول و
التام الماضى رابطا الموجودة االستفهام أداة تستخدم أو
WHAT / WHEN / WHERE / WHY / HOW …………… الحالة حسب الضمائر تحول االستفهام عالمة تحذف
HE SAID TO ME , " WHERE DO YOU GO ? "HE ASKED ME WHERE I WENT
HE SAID TO ME , " WHERE DID YOU GO YESTERDAY ?"HE WANTED TO KNOW WHERE I HAD GONE THE DAY BEFORE
HE SAID , " ARE YOU READY ? "HE WONDERED IF I WAS READY
( ggب يبدأ السؤال كان الى WOULD YOU MIND + GERUND)اذا تحول = ( المصدر أسم ( GERUNDملحوظة
HE ASKED ME TO + INFINITIVEHE WANTED ME TO + INFINITIVE
HE SAID , " WOULD YOU MIND OPENING THE DOOR ?"HE ASKED ME TO OPEN THE DOOR .HE WANTED ME TO OPEN THE DOOR .
ggب يبدأ السؤال كان (WOULD YOU LIKE TO + INFINITIVE)اذاالى HE SUGGESTED + GERUND تحول
HE SAID , " WOULD YOU LIKE TO HAVE A CUP OF TEA ? "HE SUGGESTED HAVING A CUP OF TEA
ggب يبدأ السؤال كان الى (WOULD YOU LIKE + NOUN)اذا تحول(HE OFFERED ME + NOUN)
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3 – QUESTIONSاالستفهامية الجمل
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةHE SAID , " WOULD YOU LIKE TEA ? "HE OFFERED ME TEA .
ggب يبدأ السؤال كان (WHAT ABOUT + NOUN / GERUND)اذاالى (HE SUGGESTED + NOUN / GERUND)تحول
"WHAT ABOUT TEA ? " HE SAID HE SUGGESTED TEA "WHAT ABOUT GOING TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT ?" HE SAIDHE SUGGESTED GOING TO THE CINEMA THAT NOGHT .
ggب يبدأ السؤال كان ………..?(WHY DON'T YOU)اذاالى (ADVISED +TO+INFINITIVE)أو (SUGGESTED + GERUND)تحول
"WHY DON'T YOU ASK HIM ? " HE SAID .HE SUGGESTED ASKING HIM=) HE ADVISED ME TO ASK HIM ( .
gب يبدأ السؤال كان الى (COULD YOU)اذا تحول الطلب عن للتعبير ( ASKEDمفعول + + TOمصدر) +
"COULD YOU SIGN THE REPORT , PLEASE ? " HE SAID .HE ASKED ME TO SIGN THE REPORT .
gب يبدأ السؤال كان الى (COULD I HAVE)اذا تحول الطلب عن … ASKED)للتعبيرFOR)
"COULD I HAVE A CUP OF TEA ? " HE SAID HE ASKED ME FOR A CUP OF TEA . / OR / SHE ORDERED TEA .
THE SIMPLE SENTENCETHE COMPOUND SENTENCETHE COMPLEX
IT CONSISTS OF ONE SUBJECT AND ONE PRINCIPAL VERB . IT DOES NOT CONTAIN A JOINING WORD OR A CONJUNCTION . IT HAS A COMPLETE MEANING .
متكامل . معنى ذات جملة هى و ربط كلمة أو رابط أى تحتوى لا و واحد رئيسى فعل و واحد فاعل على تحتوىTHE NILE RUNS FROM CENTRAL AFRICA TO EGYPT
مصر ىرجي إلى أفريقيا وسط من النيل OUR SOLDIERS WERE ABLE TO CROSS THE SUEZ CANAL DESPITE THE BAR-LEV BARRIER
قادر كانوا السويس يجنودنا قناة عبور على مانع بن من ليفبارالرغمWE HAVE BEEN LIVING HERE FOR SEVEN YEARS
سنوات لسبع هنا نعيش نحنHE MUST BE TIRED AFTER SUCH AN AMOUNT OF WORK
العمل كمية هذا مثل بعد يتعب أن يجبHE SUFFERS FROM A CHRONIC ILLNESS
مزمن مرض من يعانيHE VISITED US WITHOUT BEING INVITED
ندع أن بدون يهزارنا
JOINING TWO SIMPLE SENTENCES TO FORM ONE SIMPLE SENTENCEواحدة بسيطة جملة لتكوين بسيطتين جملتين ربط
وصفية : عبارة أو صفة بأستعمالTHE BOY IS CLEVER . HE ANSWERS WELL
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KINDS OF SENTENCESالجمggggggggل أنواع 1 - THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
البسيgggggggggطة الجمggggggggggggلة
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة THE CLEVER BOY ANSWERS WELL
THE SOLDIERS ARE ON THE FRONT LINES . THEY PROTECT THE OTHER TROOPS THE SOLDIERS ON THE FRONT LINES PROTECT THE OTHER TROOPS
الفاعل : أسم من تعبير بأستعمالHE HAD FINISHED HIS COMPOSITION . HE REVISED IT
HAVING FINISHED HIS COMPOSITION , HE REVISED IT THE DAY WAS HOT . I COULD NOT GO OUT .
THE DAY BEING HOT , I COULD NOT GO OUT جgggggggggggggggggر : حرف بأستعمال
THIS BOY SUCCEEDS . HE WORKS HARD THIS BOY SUCCEEDS BY WORKING HARD
HE WROTE HIS COMPOSITION . NO ONE HELPED HIM . HE WROTE HIS COMPOSITION WITHOUT HELP FROM ANYONE
المصggggggggggggggggggggدر : بأستعمالHE WENT TO TANTA . HE WISH TO VISIT HIS UNCLE
HE WENT TO TANTA TO VISIT HIS UNCLETHE BOY WANTED TO GO THE CINEMA . HE ASKED HIS FATHER
THE BOY ASKED HIS FATHER TO LET HIM GO TO THE CINEMA .THE MAN WAS VERY WEAK . HE COULD NOT WALK
THE MAN WAS TOO WEAK TO WALK .
It consists of two or more simple sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction عطف likeحرفAnd وBoth……and و …… كالNot only ….but also … أيضا لكن فقط ليسAs well as إلى باإلضافةBut لكنYet ذلك رغمHowever حال أية علىNevertheless هذا من الرغم علىStill زال ماThus هكذاSo لذاTherefore لذاEither….or أو … أماOr … otherwise ذلك … عدا ما أوNeither …..nor وال …. . ال
And المفعول أو الفعل أو الفاعل نفس لها جمل لربط تستعملThe boy opened the door . the boy walked into the roomThe boy opened the door and walked into the room
My father was happy . I was happy , tooMy father and I were )both( happy .
I read the letter . I singed it .
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2 - THE COMPOUND SENTENCEالمركبة الجمggggggggggggلة
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةI read the letter and singed it .
Both……and الفعل لنفس فاعالن فيهما جملتين لربط تستعملALI likes mangoes , AHMED likes mangoesBoth ALI and AHMED like mangoes
واحد مبتدأ على صفتين ألجتماع أوShe is both rich and beautiful
واحد فعل و واحد لفاعل مفعولين لوجود أوHe speaks both English and French .
Not only ….but also He listens carefully in class , he works hard at homeHe not only listens carefully in class but also works hard at home
As well as He speaks English , he speaks FrenchHe speaks English as well as French
I as well as he , am cleverHe , as well as I , is clever
But / nevertheless However / yet
متناقضتين بسيطتين جملتين لربطWinter is cold , summer is hotWinter is cold but summer is hotHe is blind . he found his wayHe is blind ) but / nevertheless ( he found his way
) And ( then he said a few words . we lefthe said a few words ) and ( then we left .
كلمة حذف ممكن andملحوظةSo ThereforeThus
نتيجgggggggggggggggggggggة عن تعبر كلهاHe was very tired . he could not walkHe was very tired , ) so /thus / therefore ( he could not walkHe was very tired ) consequently ( لذلك he could not walk وShe was sick . she went to the doctorShe was sick ) hence ( لذلك she went to the doctor
Either….orOtherwise
بدائل بين من لألختيارYou must study hard . you will not get high marks Either you study hard or you will not high marks
You either study hard or get low marksYou must study hard otherwise you will not get high marks
الفاعل يتبع الفعل فأن واحد فعل على فاعالن الجملة فى اجتمع اذامن ) ( القريب الثانى
Either I or he is to blameEither he or I'm to blame
Neither …..nor فاعلين أو فعلين لنفى تستخدمHe cannot read . he cannot writeHa can neither read nor write He did not come early . he did not stop talking eitherNeither did he come early nor did he stop talking
من تتكونذاتها- 1 حد فى كامل معنى تؤدى هى و رئيسية principal clauseجملة
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3 - THE COMPLEX SENTENCEالمعقدة الجمggggggggggggلة
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةمعنى- ) - ( 2 لها يكون أن دون للمعنى تضيف أكثر أو فعلية أو أسمية جملة شبه تابعة جملة
بمفردها تابعة- 3 جملة كل تسبق ربط اداة
I met ALI)principal clause(
I was walking in the street )subordinate clause(
While )joining word(
SUBORDINATE CLAUSES ARE OF THREE KINDSAVERBIAL CLAUSEADJECTIVAL CLAUSENOUN CLAUSE
مجرور / / مفعول مبتدأ تكون أن يمكن
WHAT HE SAID WASN'T TRUE مبتدأ I HEARD WHAT HE SAID به مفعول I DON'T BELIEVE IN WHAT HE SAID مجرور
WHAT WHAT HE SAID WAS OF LITTLE VALUE
THAT THAT HE IS GENEROUS WASKNOWN TO EVERYONE
WHEN HAVE YOU ANY IDEA WHEN HE SHOULD ARRIVE ?
WHERE I KNOW WHERE YOU LIVE
WHY I KNOW WHY HE FAILED
WHOSE I CANNOT TELL WHOSE CAR IT IS
HOW SHE KNOWS HOW A CAKE IS MADE
HOW MUCH I WAS ASTONISHED متعجب HOW MUCH THEY WANTED
HOW MANY GUESS HOW MANY THEY WERE
HOW DEEP HE HAS NO IDEA HOW DEEP THE LAKE IS
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1 - THE NOUN CLAUSE
CONJUNCTIONS BEFORE A NOUN CLAUSE
الروابط
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة HOW HIGH
I KNOW HOW HIGH THE TOWER IS HOW LONG
IMAGINE HOW LONG ROAD WAS HOW BOARD
HE ASKED HOW BOARD WE WANTED THE TABLE HOW FAR
YOU MUST CONSIDER HOW FAR WE'LL HAVE TO GO HOW OLD
FANCY HOW OLD THE PYRAMIDS ARE HOW TALL
WRITE DOWN HOW TALL EACH IS
بأسم عادة تبدأ و الموصوف تعقب انها اال الصفة عمل تعملموصgggggggggggggggggggول :
1- WHO A MAN WHO DOES NOT WORK DOES NOT DESERVE TO BE FED2-WHOMTHE GIRL WHOM YOU LOVE IS COMING TO THE TEA PARTY3-WHICHONE TOWN WHICH IS CALLED ALEXANDRIA IS IN USA.4-WHOSEWE SAT IN THE SHADE OF THE TREE WHOSE BRANCHES WERE THICK5-THATTHE BOX THAT HE WANTS IS FULL OF SUGAR6-WHENTHE HOUR WHEN HE ARRIVED WAS ILLSTARRED منحوسة 7-WHERE THE WORKMEN COULDN'T HELP DESTROYING THE PLACE WHERE THE TREASURE WAS BURIED
دفن الكنز حيث المكان تحطيم على يساعدوا أن يستطيعون ال العمال
العبارة الى تعمل تنقسم و الظرف عمل الظرفية التابعةالزمان ظرف جملة CLAUSE OF TIME -1شبهالمكان ظرف جملة CLAUSE OF PLACE -2شبه
السبب بيان جملة CLAUSE OF CAUSE -3شبهألجله المفعول جملة CLAUSE OF PURPOSE -4شبه
التعارض جملة CLAUSE OF CONTRAST -5التناقض –شبهالنتيجة جملة CLAUSE OF RESULT -6شبه
الحال جملة CLAUSE OF MANNER -7الكيف –شبهالمقارنة جملة CLAUSE OF COMPARISON -8شبه
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2 - THE ADJECTIVAL CLAUSE
3 - THE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةالشرط فعل جملة CLAUSE OF CONDITION -9شبه
فى كل ربgggggggggggggggggط و يليهggggggggggا CLAUSEأداة فاعgل :::::::::::فعgل
I'LL MEET HIM TOMORROW . )ADVERB( ظرف I'LL MEET HIM ON HIS ARRIVAL . )PHRASE( عبارة I'LL MET HIM WHEN HE ARRIVES . )CLAUSE ( جملة بند –شبه
CONJUNCTIONS gggggggggال فى الربط أدواتCLAUSE
PERPOSITIONفى المقابلة الجر حروف
PHRASEWHEN / WHENEVER IN / AT / ONWHILE / AS WHILE / DURINGAFTER AFTER / HAVING + PPBEFORE BEFORESINCE / EVER SINCE SINCEAS SOON AS IMMEDIATELY ONNO SOONER ….THANHARDLY………..WHENSCARCELY……..WHEN
IMMEDIATELY ATIMMEDIATELY AFTERJUST AFTER
TILL / UNTILL TILL / UNTILL
المعقدة الجملة COMPLEX تبدأSENTENCE أو الرئيسية بالعبارة
::::::::::سواء الظرفيةWHEN :
WHEN HE COMES I'LL GIVE YOU A RING WHEN THE SUN RISES FARMERS GO TO THEIR FIELDS I WAS SLEEPING WHEN HE ARRIVED THE HOUR HE ARRIVED , I WAS SLEEPING
WHILE / AS WHILE I WAS WALKING IN THE STREET I MET ALI HER TEARS RAN AS SHE WAS READING HIS LETTER
AFTER I'LL START WORKING AFTER I EAT I'LL START WORKING AFTER I'VE EATEN AFTER I HAD EATEN I STARTED TO WORK
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1 – CLAUSE OF TIME
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةBEFORE
I WASH BEFORE I HAVE MY BREAKFAST WE AGREED UPON EVERY THING BEFORE WE PARTED
أن قبل شيء كل على نفترقإتفقنا I HAD EATEN BEFORE I SAT TO WRITE
SINCE I HAVE BEEN HERE SINCE I ARRIVED FROM MY VILLAGE
AS SOON AS AS SOON AS HE REACHED THE AIRPORT HE GAVE US A RING
NO SOONER…………THAN
NO SOONER HAD SHE ARRIVED THAN IT BEGAN TO RAIN HARDLY HAD I SEEN HIM WHEN HE DISAPPEARED
SCARCELY …………WHEN SCARCELY HAD HE COME IN SIGHT WHEN SHE SHOT HIM
TILL / UNTILL I'LL WAIT FOR HIM UNTILL HE COMES I'LL NOT LEAVE UNTILL HE HAS SIGNED MY PAPERS
CONJUNCTIONS gggggggggال فى الربط أدواتCLAUSE
PERPOSITIONفى المقابلة الجر حروف
PHRASEBECAUSESINCEAS
BECAUSE OFOWING TODUE TOON ACCOUNT OFOUT TOTHROUGH FORAS A RESULT OFBEING لكونه )ADJ(THANKS TO - بسبب بفضل
BACAUSE I DID NOT PAY HIM BECAUSE I HAD NO MONEY
مال عندي كان ما ألنني أدفعه لم أنا I DID NOT PAY HIM AS I HAD NO MONEY
مال عندي كان ما بينما أدفعه لم أنا
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2 – CLAUSE OF CAUSE
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة I DID NOT PAY HIM SINCE I HAD NO MONEY
مال عندي كان ما منذ أدفعه لم أنا HE WAS ABSENT DUE TO ILLLESS HE WAS ABSENT BECAUSE OF HIS ILLLESS BEING ILL , HE WAS ABSENT
SINCE SINCE HE IS CLEVER HE WILL GET HIGH MARKS BEING CLEVER HE WILL GET HIGH MARKS SINCE HE WAS LAZY HE DID NOT SUCCEED
AS AS THEY DIDN'T PLAY , THEY LOST THE GAME THEY LOST THE GAME THROUGH BAD PLAY THEY LOST THE GAME OWING TO BAD PLAY THEY LOST THE GAME FOR LACK OF GOOD PLAY SHE STAYED IN BED AS SHE WAS ILL BEING ILL SHE STAYED IN BED
CONJUNCTIONS gggggggggال فى الربط أدواتCLAUSE
PERPOSITIONفى المقابلة الجر حروف
PHRASETHATSO THATIN ORDER THATIN THE HPOE THATFOR FEAR THATLEST
IN ORDER TO لكىSO AS TO لكىTO الىFOR THE PURPOSE OF لغرض FOR FEAR OF لخوف SO AS NOT TO ال لكى
PRESENT THATSO THAT
IN ORDER THAT
MAY + INFINITIVE
PAST MIGHT + INFINITIVE
عمل ) تعمل التى الغرضية الجملة تحمل دائمامعنى ( :::::: ألجله المفعول
HOPE / WANT / WISH / AIM92
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3 – CLAUSE OF PURPOSE
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة HE'S RUNNING FAST . HE WANTS TO CATCH THE BUS HE RUNS FAST SO THAT HE MAY CATCH THE BUS HE RAN FAST HE WANTED TO CATCH THE BUS HE RAN FAST SO THAT HE MIGHT CATCH THE BUS
ANY TENSE
LESTFOR FEAR THAT
SHOULD + INFINITIVE
HE WORKS HARD HE IS AFRAID TO FAIL HE WORKS HARD LEST HE SHOULD FAIL HE GOT UP EARLY HE WAS AFRAID TO MISS THE TRAIN HE GOT UP EARLY FOR FEAR THET HE SHOULD MISS THE TRAIN
CONJUNCTIONS gggggggggال فى الربط أدواتCLAUSE
PERPOSITIONفى المقابلة الجر حروف
PHRASE1-ALTHOUGH من بالرغمTHOUGH من بالرغمEVEN THOUGH ذلك مع وEVEN IF وggggggggggل حتى
1- IN SPITE OF DESPITEEVEN IN CASE OF
2- HOWEVER REGARDLESS OF / FOR ALLلكل / عن النظر بغض
3- WHATEVER REGARDLESS OF / FOR ALLNOT WITH STANDING ليسبالموقف
4- ADJECTIVE + AS أن WITH ALL مع
ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH / EVEN IF
HE IS POOR . HE IS HAPPY ALTHOUGH HE IS POOR HE IS HAPPY ) COMPLEX ( IN SPITE OF BEING POOR HE IS HAPPY ) SIMPLE ( IN SPITE OF HIS POVERTY HE IS HAPPY ) SIMPLE (HOWEVER صفة بعدها يأتى
ALTHOUGH HE WAS POOR HE WAS HAPPY )COMPLEX( HOWEVER HE WAS POOR , HE WAS HAPPY )COMPLEX( REGARDLESS OF HIS POVERTY HE WAS HAPPY )SIMPLE(
WHATEVER رggggggggggضمي أو أسم بعدها يأتى ALTHOUGH HE TELLS LIES , YOU BELIEVED HIM . ) COMPLEX ( WHATEVER LIES HE TELLS YOU BELIEVED HIM . ) COMPLEX ( YOU BELIEVED HIM WHATEVER ) LIES ( HE TOLD . ) COMPLEX (
ADJECTIVE + AS ALTHOUGH HE IS POOR HE IS HAPPY POOR AS HE IS , HE IS HAPPY
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4 – CLAUSE OF CONTRAST
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة ALTHOUGH HE WAS EDUCATED HE BEHAVED BADLY
أنه من سيئ . علم متبالرغم بشكل تصرف EDUCATED AS HE WAS , HE BEHAVED BADLY
سيئ بشكل تصرف ، هو متعلم بينما
الفعل حال أو المبتدأ صفة على أثر يترتب حينماCOMPLEX SENRENCE
PRINCIPAL CLAUSE REST OF THE SENTENCESUBJECT +VERB+)SO(+ADJ./ADV.SUBJECT+VERB+)SUCH(+NOUN
)THAT(+CLAUSE OF RESULT)THAT(+CLAUSE OF RESULT
SIMPLE SENTENCEPRINCIPAL CLAUSE REST OF THE SENTENCE
SUJECT + ADJ. / ADV. +)ENOUGH(
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE )FOR…(INFINITIVE PHRASE )TO…….(
SUBJECT + VERB + )TOO( +ADJ. / ADV.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE )FOR…(INFINITIVE PHRASE )TO…….(
THE LESSON IS ) VERY / QUITE ( EASY . A CHILD CAN DO IT . The lesson is easy enough for a child to do . (simple) The lesson is too easy to be a test . (simple) The lesson is so easy (that ) a child can do it . (complex) The lesson is so easy (that) it mustn't be a test . (complex) It is such an easy lesson (that) a child can do it . (complex) It is such an easy lesson (that) it cannot be a test .(complex)
HE HID WELL ; HENCE HE COULD NOT BE DISCOVERED . )COMPOUND(يكتشف أن يمكن ال هو لذلك حسنا؛ إختفى
He hid too well to be discovered . (simple) He hid well enough to remain safe . (simple) He hid so well (that) he could not be discovered . (complex) He hid so well (that) he remained safe . (complex) He hid in such a way (that)he could not be discovered . (complex) He made such hiding (that) he remained safe . (complex)
من such استخدام so بدال the tea is to hot that I can't drink it
it is such a hot tea that I can't drink it
the man was so busy that I couldn't meet himhe was such a busy man that I couldn't meet him
تحويل يلزم قد to have الgggggggى to be و He is such a strong man that he can defeat his rival
He has such strength that he can defeat his rival
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5 – CLAUSE OF RESULT
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة He was such a clever boy that he passed the examination
He had such a cleverness that he passed the examination gggب الجملة نبدا أن يمكن فى so و كما الفاعل يسبق الفعل ثم الصفة فتتبعها
االسئلة . صيغة He is so polite that he respects every one
So polite is he that he respects every one
He was so clever that he passed the examinationSo clever was he that he passed the examination
gggب البدء يمكن بالمثل such و Such a polite man was he that he respected everyone
Such a surprise did they get that they were struck dumbمن لها خرسوا جعلتهم مفاجأة يا و وجموا
SO AND SUCHSuch + a / an + adj. + noun So + adj. + a / an + noun
Such a nice girlSuch a long time
Such a wonderful view
So nice a girlSo long a time
So wonderful a view such الى so تحويل
مناسب -1 بضمير محله احالل و الفاعل حذفقاعدة -2 الموجود suchأو so نطبق الوضع حسب
The view is wonderful It is a wonderful view It is so wonderful a view It is such a wonderful view
AHMED IS FRIENDLY Ahmed is so friendly person Ahmed is so friendly a person Ahmed is such a friendly person
CONJUNCTIONS gggggggggال فى الربط أدواتCLAUSE
PERPOSITIONفى المقابلة الجر حروف
PHRASEAS كماAS IF / AS THOUGH أن لو كما
ACCORDING TOIN ACCORDING WITHLIKE / AS
AS ::::::::::::::HE WORKS AS I ORDER HIM . )COMPLEX (HE WORKS ACCORDING TO MU ORDERS . (SIMPLE )ANSWER THE QUESTIONS AS I HAVE TAUGHT YOU . ( COMPLEX )ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO THOSE EXAMPLES . ( SIMPLE )
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6 – CLAUSE OF MANNER
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةHE ANSWERED AS I INSTRUCTED HIM . ( COMPLEX)HE ANSWERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH MY INSTRUCTIONS
AS IF – AS THOUGH ::::::::HE WALKS PROUDLY AS IF HE WERE A KING . )COMPLEX(HE WALKS PROUDLY LIKE A KING . (SIMPLE )HE WALKS PROUDLY IN A KINGLY WAY .HE SWAM AS THOUGH HE HAD BEEN A CHAMPION . ( COMPLEX )HE SWAM LIKE A CHAMPION . (SIMPLE )
CONJUNCTIONS gggggggggال فى الربط أدواتCLAUSE
PERPOSITIONفى المقابلة الجر حروف
PHRASE1-AS……..ASمثgggggggggggggggggل2-NOT AS…..AS
كمثgggggggggggggggل ليس3-MORE…..THAN
أثنين بين مقارنة4-THE MORE…THE MORE
كلما ........ كلما
EQUAL IN
DIFFERENT IN
NOT EQUAL IN
NOT THE SAME OF ………
AS…………..ASHE IS AS TALL AS I AMWE ARE EQUALLY TALL
NOT AS ……AS / NOT SO ……..AS HE IS NOT SO CLEVER AS I AMWE ARE NOT EQUAL IN CLEVERNESSWE ARE NOT EQUALLY CLEVER
THANI AM STRONGER THAN HE ISWE ARE NOT EQUAL IN STRENGTHWE ARE NOT EQUALLY STRONG
THE………THE…….THE MORE HE STUDIES THE BETTER HE GETSTHE HARDER YOU WORK THE MORE YOU GAIN
شقين من الشرطية الجملة تتكونبكلمة : االول تبدأ التى هى و الشرط على UNLESSأو IFجملة تحتوى و
شرط .الgggg : الثانى هى و الشرط جواب PRINCIPAL CLAUSEجملة
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7 – CLAUSE OF COMPARISON
8 - THE CONDITIONAL CLAUSEالشgggggggggggggggرطيggggggggggggggggggggggggggة الجملة
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةالشرطية الجملة أنواع
TYPE 1فيكون حدوثه ظروف لتوافر راجح حدث عن تعبر الشرطية الجملة كانت اذا
المضارع أو البسيط المستقبل فى الشرط جواب و المضارع فى الشرط فعلالبسيط .
IF HE WORKS HARD , HE WILL SUCCEED IF HE RUNS FAST , HE WILL CATCH THE TRAIN
TYPE 2الماضى فى الشرط فعل فيكون حدوثه المرجح غير من حدث عن تعبر كانت اذا
الشرط جواب يكون و البسيطيشير ( WOULDالمصدر) + إنه إال الماضى فى الفعل صيغة أن من بالرغم و و
بمعنى المضارع الىIT'S IMPROBABLE ( المنتظر غير الفرض (–من سبيل على
IF HE WORKED HARD , HE WOULD SUCCEED .IF HE RAN FAST HE WOULD CATCH THE TRAIN .
TYPE 3الشرط فعل يكون بالماضى يتحقق لم حدث تعبرعن الشرطية الجملة كانت اذا
التام الماضى فى(HAD + PP) الشرط جواب يكون يسمى (WOULD HAVE + PP)و ما هو و
الممتنع الشرط بأسلوبIF HE HAD WORKED HARD , HE WOULD HAVE SUCCEEDED .IF HE HAD RUN FAST , HE WOULD HAVE CAUGHT THE TRAIN .
الفعل- 1 العبارة WISH نستخدم أمنية IF ONLY أو عن للتعبير البسيط الماضى زمن معالمضارع : فى متحققة غير
I WISH AIR TRAVEL WAS LESS EXPENSIVEI WISH I SAW HIM NOWI WISH I KNEW THE ANSWERI WISH I COULD STAY A BIT LONGER
تأتى أن الشكوى WISH بعد WOULDN'T أو WOULD يمكن عن للتعبيرI WISH YOU'D BE MORE CAREFULI WISH YOU WOULDN'T DROP YOUR CIGARETTE ASH ON THE CARPET
التام - 2 الماضى لم IF ONLY أو WISH بعggggggggد HAD + PP نستخدم أمنية عن للتعبيرالماضى فى تتحقق
I WISH I HAD SEEN HIM LAST NIGHTالضمائر COULD نستخدم - 3 مع للمستقبل أمنية عن نستخدم I / WE للتعبير و فقط
WOULD الضمائر باقى معI WISH I COULD BE WITH YOUI WISH WE COULD MEET SOONI WISH YOU WOULDN'T MAKE SO MUCH NOISE
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IF ONLY / I WISH
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةالثالثة IF بمعنى IF ONLY أو WISH نستخدم- 4 و الثانية الحالتين فى
I WISH I SAW AHMED , I WOULD INVITE HIM TO DINNERIF ONLY I HAD SEEN AHMED , I WOULD HAVE INVITE HIM TO DINNER
قواعد UNLESS تستعمل جميع بمعنى IF فى هى IF NOT و
IF HE DOES NOT MANAGE THE MONEY WELL , I WON'T LEND HIM AGAIN=((( UNLESS HE MANAGE THE MONEY WELL , I WON'T LEND HIM AGAIN )))
IF SHE HAD NOT MADE THAT MISTAKE , SHE WOULD HAVE PASSED THE EXAM=((( UNLESS SHE HAD MADE THAT MISTAKE , SHE WOULD HAVE PASSED THE EXAM )))
محلها IF نحذف -1 يحل و الثانية و االولى الحالة WOULD منIF I SEE HIM TOMORROW , I WILL TELL HIM=(((SHOULD I SEE HIM TOMORROW , I WILL TELL HIM )))
تعبر هنا اليقين SHOULDو عدم UNCERTAINTYعن
نقدم IF نحذف -2 و الثالثة الحالة الفاعل HAD من علىIF I HAD HAD ENOUGH MONEY , I WOULD HAVE BOUGHT A CARHAD I HAD ENOUGH MONEY , I WOULD HAVE BOUGHT A CAR
نقدم هب نحذف -3 و الفرض حالة الفاعل صثقث فى علىIF WERE A BIRD , I WOULD FLY .WERE I A BIRD , I WOULD FLY .
ATON
BEFOREAFTERFROMUNTIL
BYBY THE TIME
BY THENSINCEFOR
DURINGAGO
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IF NOT = UNLESS
OMMISSION OF ))IF(( حذف
PREPOSITIONSالجgggggggر حروف
PREPOSITIONS OF TIMEالزمن / الوقت جر حروف
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة
AT متميزة AT تستخدم جزئية أو الزمن من معينة لحظة لتحديدAT 5 O'CLOCK AT 11:45 AT MIDNIGHT AT NOON AHMED USUALLY LEAVES WORK AT FIVE O'CLOCK
تحذف الوقت AT عادة عن السؤال عندWHAT TIME ……..?WHAT TIME ARE YOU GOING OUT THIS EVENING ?
*AT NIGHTI DON'T LIKE GOING OUT AT NIGHT*AT THE WEEK – END / AT WEEK – ENDSWILL YOU HERE AT THE WEEK END ?*AT CHRISTMAS / AT EASTERWE SEE EACH OTHER AT EASTER*AT THE MOMENT / AT PRESENTMY FATHER IS BUSY AT THE MOMENT*AT THE ENDTHE TEACHER LEAVES AT THE END OF THE CLASS*AT THE SAME TIMEMONA AND I ARRIVED AT THE SAME TIME*AT THE AGE OF .ZAKI LEFT SCHOOL AT THE AGE OF 16 )OR( AT 16
ON االرقام ON تستخدم و التواريخ معON 12 MARCH ON FRIDAY )S( ON CHRISTMAS DAYTHEY GOT MARRIED ON 12 MARCH
المسماة ON تستخدم االيام أجزاء فىON FRIDAY MORNING )S( ON SUNDAY AFTERNOON)S(ON MONDAY EVENING)S( ON SATURDAY NIGHT)S(ON THE MORNING OF THE NEXT DAYI USUALLY GO OUT ON MONDAY EVENINGS .
IN العصور و الفصول و الشهور و السنين مع تستخدمIn april in 2000In the winterIn the 20 th century In the middle agesThey got married in 2001
االيام أسماء ذكر عدم بشرط االيام أجزاء أكثر مع تستعملIn the morning
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةIn the afternoonIn the eveningI'll see you in the morning
معينة ) ( ) ( مدة خالل أو مدى على بمعنى تستخدمWe have a lot to do in the end of the yearI learnt to drive in four weeks
تستعمل : ال هامة next / latsقبل at/in/onملحوظةI'll see you next FridayThey got married last march
Before The post office is very busy before ChristmasI had eaten before going to school
After We had to take taxi to home after the partyAfter eaten I went to bed
From الحدث زمن بدايgggggggggggggggة تبينHe lives in alex. From 1990 until 2002I'll be at home from 7 pm to 8 pm
UntilTill
أن –لغايggggggggggggggggة إلggggggggggggggggىI'll wait until it stop rainingI was so tired this morning I stayed in bed until past eleven
By By + a time = not later thanقبل تتجاوز –بمعنى ال مدة فى
I posted the letter today , so they should receive it by Monday
By the time
ما أثناء مستقبال ...............) (–بمعنى أن الىIt's not worth going shopping now . by the time we get to the shops they will have closed .I'm flying to united states this evening so by the time you receive this letter , I'll probably be in new york .
ما أثناء بالماضgggggى ...............) (–بمعنى أن الىAhmed's car broke down on the way to the party last night by the time ha arrived most of the guests had left .I had a lot of work to do yesterday evening by the time I finished I was very tired .
By then
By then = by that time Ahmed finally arrived at the party at midnight but by then , most of the guests had left .
Since كلها :::: المدة ليست و المدة بدايggggggggggggggggggggggggة دائما تليهاI have lived here since 1992 .She has disappeared since her husband's death .
For كلها :::: المدة دائما تليهاI have lived here for five years .Ha had been absent for ages .
During I'm always out at work during the day .I met ali during my going to office = ) on my way there (
Ago ماضية ) ( كاملة مدة دائما تليهاI lived here three years agoHe went to prison two months ago
ATIN
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PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةON
المكان جر حروفمحدود ATتستخدم أو صغير مكان حالة فى للتعبير
SAMIRA WAS AT THE BUS STOP .HE LIVE AT 30 SAIF STREET .WE STOPPED AT A VILLAGE NEAR ALEXANDRIA .
عند ( ) ATتعبيرات بمعنى المكان على الدالةAT THE BUS STOPAT THE TOPAT THE DOORAT THE END OFAT THE WINDOWAT THE BOTTOMAT THE FRONT AT THE BACKAT CROSSROADS
قارة ( / / ) INتستخدم بلد مدينة واسع و كبير مكان حالة فى للتعبيرSALMA WAS IN THE GARDEN . WE LIVE IN RAMSES STREET .WE LIVE IN ALEXANDRIA . THEY'RE ON HOLIDAY IN SPAIN .
فى ( ) INتعبيرات بمعنى المكان على الدالةIN A ROOM IN A ROWIN THE WATER IN A QUEUEIN THE SEA IN THE HANDIN THE NEWSPAPER IN AN ARMCHAIRIN THE SKY IN THE MIRRORIN THE MIDDLE
المكان ONتعبيرات على الدالةON THE CEILING ON THE LEFTON THE WALL ON THE FIRST FLOORON THE FLOOR ON THE COASTON THE GOUND ON THE BEACHON THE WAY ON THE NOTICEBOARDON THE CORNER OF A STREET ON THE BLACKBOARD
BETWEEN & AMONG
الاتية BETWEEN تستخدم الحالات فى شيئين أو شخصين بين
SHE SAT BETWEEN HER FATHER AND MOTHER كبير عدد من مكونين شيئين أى
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بيggنخالل
5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة HE WALKED ACROSS THE GARDEN BETWEEN THE FLOWER BEDS
له مستمعون و متحدث LADIES AND GENTLEMEN ! BETWEEN OURSELVES , I HAVE……..
التالى AMONG تستخدم النحو على
THEIR HOUSE IS HIDDEN AMONG TREES . I SAW A POLICEMAN STANDING AMONG THE CROWD . AHMED IS AMONG THE BEST OF OUR STUDENTS . DIVIDE THE MONEY AMONG THE FIVE OF THEM .
االتجاهات : جر حروفAlongAroundRoundUpwardTowardsByDownBackDownward)s(Forward )s(PastthroughThroughoutOfBackward)s(On From Into To Out Up Off
INTO :I KNOCKED ON THE DOOR ANE WENT INTO THE ROOMOUT OF :HE GOT OUT OF BED AND TOOK SOME CLOTHES OUT OF THE WARDROBEON AND OF :HE GOT ON THE BUSHE GOT OFF THE PLANEBY AND PASTTHEY ALWAYS GO BY / PAST THE POST OFFICETHROUGH :I CAN SEE THE CROWD THROUGH THE WINDOWI CAN'T SEE ANYTHING THROUGH A CLOSED DOOR
الموقع : جر حروفBELOWتحتABOVEفوقINفيONعلىATفي
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةUNDERتحت
BESIDEبجانب منقبل
BY
OVERفوقBENEATHتحت
THANK YOU
IndexSubjectPageNOUNS / COUNTABLE / UNCOUNTABLE1-4SINGULAR AND PLURAL4-6ARTICLES A-AN-THE-ONE7-9APOSTROPHE ))‘ S (( / OF10PERSONAL PRONOUNSOBJECT PRONOUNS
11
SO 12 أستعماالتPOSSESSIVE PRONOUNS الملكية 13 ضمائرREFLEXIVE PRONOUNS يةggإنعكاس 13ضمائرDEMONSTRAIVE ارةgg14االشINTERROGATIVE امggg14االستفهRELATIVE PRONOUNS لgالوص 16-15 ضمائر
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةADJECTIVES17-19Some Adjectives Are Followed By a “Preposition” Or A “Prepositional Phrase”
جر عبارة أو جر بحرف تتبع الصفات بعض
20-21
Adverbs روفggggggg23-21الظTHE INFINITIVE درggggggggggg25-23المصHelping verbs المساعدة االفعالTO BE / TO HAVE / TO DO
26-27
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE البسيط المضارع 28زمنTHE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IN THE NEGATIVE
البسيط المضارع للزمن النفى29
INTERROGATIVE البسيط المضارع فى 29االستفهامThe present continuous tenseاالن ) ( المستمر المضارع زمن
30
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE التام 31المضارعTHE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
المستمر التام المضارع32
The simple past tense البسيط 33الماضىThe past continuous tense المستمر 34الماضىThe past perfect tense التام 34الماضىTHE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
المستمر التام الماضى35
CONJUGATION OF COMMON IRREGULAR VERBSالشائعة الشاذة االفعال تصريفات
36-39
The simple future tense البسيط المستقبل 41-40زمنThe future continuous tense المستمر المستقبل 41زمنThe future perfect tense ) ( االسبق التام 42المستقبلNegation / 43النفىDefective verbs - المعيوبة الناقصة 43األفعالAffirmative االيجابnegative 43السالب
البسيط المضارع البسيط / نفى الماضى 44نفىVerb to have as a principal Verb 45Questions 45نفى السؤالCommand 46نفى االمرSOME 46 نفىAlways , sometimes , often , usually 47 نفىEvery , Any , Each 47 نفىAll ىgggggg47نفAND ىgggggg48نفBOTH……………..AND ىgggggg48نفEither ……………….or ىgggggg48نفAlso , Too , As well 48And so do I / And so did I ىgggggg49نفAs ……………..As ىgggggg49نف
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبةJust , recently , already , presently ىgggggg49نفNever , hardly , seldom , not only , scarcely ىgggggg49نفMust ىgggggg50نفMust be ىgggggg50نفA Lot ىgggggg50نفA Lot of ىgggggg50نفHow to make a question 51Question phrases52Questions in situations المواقف في أسئلةOffers and invitations الدعوة و العرضRequests الطلب Suggestions االقتراح
53
QUESTION TAG المذيل 54 السؤالInversion of subject and verbAfter certain adverbs )) الفاعل على الفعل ))تقديم
55-57
Active voice and passive voiceللمجهول المبنى و للمعلوم المبنى
58-63
MODEL VERBS641-1 SHALL641-2 WILL65-661-3 SHOULD66-681-4 WOULD68-691-5 CAN701-6 Could711-7 May72-731-8 Might731-9 Must74-751-10 ought to751-11 Needn't75Stages Of Certainty1-ABSOLUTE CERTAINTY 2-NEAR CERTAINTY 3-PROBABILITY4-UNCERTAINTY
76
*****REPORTED SPEECH*****DIRECT & INDIRECT
77
1- STATEMENT ةggggggggالخبري 80-77الجملة1-2 COMMANDS AND REQUESTS صيغة و األمgggggggر صيغةالطلggggggggب
81
1-3 QUESTIONS االستفهامية 82الجمل1-4 THE SIMPLE SENTENCE لةgggggggggggالجمالبسيgggطة
83
1-5 THE COMPOUND SENTENCE المركبة 85-84 الجمggggggggggggلة
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5252005: ت عيسى مكتبة1-6 THE COMPLEX SENTENCE المعقدة 85 الجمggggggggggggلة**SUBORDINATE CLAUSES ARE OF THREE KINDS**851 - THE NOUN CLAUSE851-1- CONJUNCTIONS BEFORE A NOUN CLAUSE 86 الروابط2 - THE ADJECTIVAL CLAUSE العبارةالوصفيggggggggggggggggggة
86-87
3 - THE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE العبارةالظرفيgggggggggggggggggggة
87
الزمان ظرف جملة CLAUSE OF TIME87-88 -1-3شبهالسبب بيان جملة CLAUSE OF CAUSE89 -2-3شبه
ألجله المفعول جملة CLAUSE OF PURPOSE90 -3-3 شبهالتناقض جملة CLAUSE OF CONTRAST90-91 -4-3 شبه
النتيجة جملة CLAUSE OF RESULT91-93 -5-3شبهالكيف – الحال جملة CLAUSE OF MANNER93 -6-3شبه
المقارنة جملة CLAUSE OF COMPARISON93-94 -7-3شبهالشرط فعل جملة CLAUSE OF CONDITION94 -8-3شبه
3-8-1 IF ONLY / I WISH94-953-8-2 IF NOT = UNLESS953-8-3 OMMISSION OF ))IF(( 95حذف1- PREPOSITIONS الجر 96حروف1-1 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME الوقت جر 98-96 حروف1-2 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE المكان جر 98حروف1-3 BETWEEN & AMONG خالل و 99بين1-4 PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTIONS جر حروفاالتجاهات
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1-5 PREPOSITIONS OF LOCATION جر حروفالمواقع
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106