![Page 1: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Parts of an Atom
![Page 2: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is an atom?
• Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things
• Atoms are the most basic unit of matter • Atoms contain three different types of
subatomic particles
![Page 3: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons
- Protons: particles with a positive charge; can be found in the nucleus
- Neutrons: particles with no charge (a neutral charge); can be found in the nucleus
- Electrons: particles with a negative charge that can be found orbiting the nucleus in the electron cloud
![Page 4: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• The atomic number equals the number of protons.
• The electrons in a neutral atom equal the number of protons.
• The mass number equals the sum of the protons and neutrons.
![Page 5: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Where are electrons found?Electrons exist in orbitals or energy levels 2 electrons fit in the first energy level8 electrons fit in each subsequent energy level
2 neutrons2 protons2 electrons
6 neutrons6 protons6 electrons 2 in first level, 4 in second
Helium (He) Carbon (C)
![Page 6: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• The charge indicates the number of electrons that have been lost or gained.
• A positive charge indicates the number of electrons (which are negatively charged) that have been lost.
• A negative charge indicates the number of electrons that have been gained.
• This structure can be written as part of a chemical symbol.
![Page 7: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
A chemical element is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom. Elements are mapped on the periodic table.
![Page 8: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Do all atoms of the same element always have the same number of neutrons?
Answer: NO
Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons are called isotopes
![Page 9: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• The combinations of two or more elements in definite proportions form a chemical compound.
• Naming compounds (molecular formulae):
H20 = 2 parts hydrogen to 1 part oxygen
![Page 10: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed.
• Example:– Sodium is a silverish metal– Chlorine is a greenish gas– Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is table salt
![Page 11: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Atoms in compounds are bonded together by chemical bonds.
2 types: Ionic, Covalent
![Page 12: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Ionic bonds are formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
• Example: Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
![Page 13: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared between atoms
• A molecule is the structure that results when atoms join together by covalent bonding
• Example: Water (H2O)
![Page 14: Parts of an Atom. What is an atom? Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things Atoms are the most basic unit of matter Atoms contain three](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070400/56649f0e5503460f94c227f7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Van der Waals Forces
• When molecules are close together, the oppositely charged regions are attracted to each other.
• Van der Waals Forces are the slight forces of attraction
• These forces explain why a gecko can climb up vertical surfaces (suction cup like forces)