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PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE STRUCTURESHow can we integrate the different stakeholders?How to achieve a cross-sectorial approach?
Lars Egeland, MP and Standing Committee on Energy and the Environment, Norway
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Reality imposes harsh demands
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Norwegian Climate policy: 30% cut in greenhouse gas emissions within 2020, 2/3 domesticCarbon neutral in 2050
•
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Where are we going to cut?
• There will be a need for emission reductions in all sectors
• The three biggest souces of greenhouse gas emissions in Norway are: • Transport (32 %)• Oil and gas sector (27 %)• Industry (26 %).
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Energy
• Norway has a lot of electric energy which is mainly fossil-free.
• But only half of Norways use of energy is fossil-free
• We need more renewable energy
• We need to be more economic with our use of energy
• We need a transmission from fossil energy to electric energy
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Task nr 1: Replace fossil energy with renewable• Electric energy will be
scarce:• New energy from
wind, sun, tide, waterfalls + bioenergy, biogas, district heating
• Replace fossil energy at oil and gas installations offshore
• Reduce fossil energy in transport and replace with electricity
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The best electricity is the one that is not used• Huge potensial for
reductions• 10 TWh in private
homes• Passivhouse in
2015• Almost zeroenergy
in 2020 • Heating with fossil
energy banned from 2020
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Transport
• Cut emissions from new cars – 85 gr/CO2
• Transition from car to collective transport
• No increase in traffic in towns
• Cartaxes shall reduce transport and promote emission cuts
• Norway is nr 1 in electric cars
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..so then everyting should be OK , the government takes the neccesarily steps..
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Challenges:
• The overall policy is decided, but the work is not done..
• The government need popular support for an active climate policy
• The publics interest in climate policy is decreasing
• Why?
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Some reasons..
• The public has been demoralised and demobilised
• «The polluter shall pay» has turned to «the polluter demands to be payed»
• Climate policy is for experts, and the solutions are technologial
• Everybody is talking, nobody is acting..
• Warmer climate is not negative..
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Real conflicts renewable energy - biodiversity• Windturbines , roads
and power lines harm birds, animals (reindeer), biodiversity
• Water-energy harms wild fish and nature
• But: Taking care of nature and of climate is two sides of the same cause
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What can we do?
• We need to engage people
• Integrate people in climate actions
• Climate must be an important subject in the 2013 election
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How to engage people
• A vision of the lowcarbon-society that they like and believe in.
• We cannot frighten people to act
• Knowledge instead of moralism
• Climate issues must be something that effects their daily life
• Local engagement – local solutions
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Two experiences:
• How Tønsberg became the first city in Norway with waste sorting in all households
• Knowledge: A report that described experiences in other countries, how to do it etc.
• Steadily political work• When the time was in:• Political teamwork – owned by all
the party leaders• Political pride: The Eco-city
Tønsberg
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The Local Agenda 21 approach
• Challenge people to use their experiences
• Put up reachable goals
• Show the results• Give the
stakeholders pride through credit
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Experience two: How we managed to achieve a political unity on Climate policy In Norway• White paper from the
majority-government in May 2012
• Environment-organisations advocated a sustainable political compromise for the policy towards 2020.
• Negotiations broke down• Petions from environment-organisations,
Church-leaders, other well knowned people, created a demand for unity for an offencive climate-policy
• Long and hard negotiations on at least two fronts: Within the goverment, among the minstries, towards the opposition.
• Negotiations with the party leaders - a key to success
• This does not mean that climate policy is neutralized as a field of political struggle
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Summary
• The important people must have ownership – through getting credit
• What is in it for me: Let everybody win something
• Look for solutions, not problems
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We need a vision, and it is not about technology – it is also about consumption and first of all that the low emission society is a good society for everyone