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Page 258Realidades 1
The verbs SER and ESTAR
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SER VS. ESTAR You already know the verb
ESTAR. It means “to be.” You also already know the verb
SER. It also means “to be.” Both verbs are irregular and
you should have already memorized their conjugations.
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ESTARYo estoy
Tú estás
Ud.
Él está
Ella
Nosotros estamos
Uds.
Ellos están
Ellas
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SERYo soy
Tú eres
Ud.
Él es
Ella
Nosotros somos
Uds.
Ellos son
Ellas
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SER VS. ESTAR There are certain occasions
in which you will use either SER or ESTAR.
Let’s review ESTAR first!
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ESTAR Used for telling LOCATION
(of people, places and things).
For example:
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ESTAREl libro está en la mesa.The book is on the table.Yo estoy en Guatemala.I am in Guatemala.La Habra está en California.La Habra is in California.
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ESTAR Used to tell CONDITION .
For example:
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ESTAR
Eduardo está ocupado.
Eduardo is busy.
Ana y Luisa están enfermas.
Ana and Luisa are sick.
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ESTAR Used to describe EMOTIONS.
For example:
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ESTAR
Marta está triste.
Marta is sad.
Juan y Pedro están contentos.
Juan and Pedro are happy.
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Ok, now let’s see when we usethe verb SER.
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SER Used to tell TIME and DATE.
Son las dos y media.
It is two thirty.
Es el veinte de noviembre.
It is the twentieth of November.
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SER Used to tell NATIONALITY. For example: Yo soy americana. I am American. Él es puertorriqueño. He is Puerto Rican.
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SER Used to tell WHERE SOMEONE OR
SOMETHING IS FROM.
Tú eres de Nicaragua.
You are from Nicaragua.
Ellas son de Nueva York.
They are from New York.
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SER Used to connect a noun or pronoun to
another noun or pronoun (identity). Eduardo es un hombre.
Eduardo is a man. (Eduardo hombre) Coquí y Sultán son gatos. Coquí and Sultán are cats. (Coquí and Sultán gatos)
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SER Used to describe CHARACTERISTICS (what someone or something is like) Rebeca es alta. Rebeca is tall. Enrique y yo somos guapos. Enrique and I are good-looking. El coche es pequeño y rojo. The car is small and red.
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SER You CANNOT use “un or una” with
SER when describing someone’s profession.
Yo soy profesora.
Tú eres estudiante.
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SER VS. ESTAR There are other uses for ser and estar and
you will need to know them as you continue your studies in Spanish.
Memorize these acronyms to help you.
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SER = DO IT D = Description (Soy deportista.)
& Date (Es el 25 de febrero) O = Origin (Ella es de Madrid.)
I = Identity (La Sra. López es profesora.)
(Yo soy Marta.)
Ella es mexicana. T = Time (Es la una.)
(Son las tres y media de la tarde.)
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ESTAR = HELP H = Health (Estoy enfermo.) E = Emotions (Nosotros estamos tristes.) L = Location (Madrid está en
España.) P = Present progressive tense
( You will learn this verb tense in Section 6B.)