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O
2Oxygen, Glucose, Ascorbate
© Riordan Clinic 2018
Riordan Clinic IVC Academy
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CGlucose
e-O:Oe-O2
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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O2
e-O:Oe-
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Life =Electron
Flow
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an electronas “seen”by theSuper K Particle Detector in KamiokaObservatoryHida,Japan
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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On a molecular basis, the whole living
process is nothing more than an orderly
flow and transfer of electrons...- Irwin Stone
The Healing Factor© Riordan Clinic 2018
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13,800,000,000Latin: Ga (giga-annum) billion years
Ma (mega-annum) million years
Ka (kilo-annum) thousand years
13.8 x 108 Ga
Univ. atoms = 1080
Earth atoms = 1050
Human cells = 1014
Cells atoms = 1014
Electrons = 1028© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Geologic Time• 4.6 Ga
• Prebiotic existence• 3.8 Ga
• CO2 atmosphere• Ribosomes• Membranes• Photosynthesis• Toxic O2 released• Prokaryotic life grows• Anaerobic dominates
• 2.5 Ga• O2 atmosphere• Eukaryotes emerge• Aerobic Organelles• “Nanomachines”
4.567 Ga
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Photocatalytic Water Splitting
CO2
O2
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Photons
Photo-Synthesis
Oxygen is the 2nd most electronegative atom
The energy of light…
Splits water… H2O Hydrogen and Oxygen
O2 !!© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Oxygen is the 2nd most electronegative(electron-attractive)
element
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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electronegativity = “electro-phyllic”Redox = lectron flow
Electrons always flow from the anode to the cathode or from the oxidation half cell to the reduction half cell.
Electron Flow REDOX
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“One definition of life is a state in which an
optimal degree of electron interchange
among cells can take place.”
Dr. Thomas Levy
Curing the Incurable
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Oxygen
Multi-cellular
Life …set the stage for
evolution’s big jump to Eukaryotic cells
Oxygen’s energy potential
The electron-attractive power of oxygen…
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Eukaryotic Organelles Evolved
“Life is a chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution.”
- Carl Sagan
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Aerobic Cellular
Life19 times more Energy
Eukaryotes
Single cells that lived aerobically: Oxygen
Also capable of anaerobic metabolism when stressed
Anaerobiccellular
regression
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Photosynthesis & Respiration Cycle
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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With
O2:
38ATP’s
With
no O2:
2ATP’s
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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CGlucose
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Ascorbate is Synthesized from Glucose
GLO
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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L-Gulonolactone Oxidase
1972
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Comparing Vitamin C Synthesis to
mg/kg/d Human equivalent
humans 1 60 mg/d
dog 3 200 mg/d
pig 8 500 mg/d
monkey* 100 7,000 mg/d
goat 190 14,000 mg/d
sick goat ~1300 100,000 mg/d
Predicted Oral Consumption
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Excerpt from The Healing Factor, Part 1 “Our Deadly Inheritance,” Chapter 8 “The Genetic Approach”
• “Here we have the classic conditions for a genetic, missing-enzyme disease, and yet for years these simple facts have been ignored and scurvy has continued to be regarded as avitaminosis.
• In 1966, this author published the paper "On the Genetic Etiology of Scurvy," in which the history and pertinent facts were reviewed and it was pointed out that in scurvy we were dealing with a genetic, liver-enzyme disease and not simply a dietary disturbance.
• Since it is the prerogative of the discoverer to name a new disease, the author called it "hypoascorbemia" because low levels of ascorbic acid in the blood are characteristic of this disease.
• This genetic approach now provides a natural rationale for the use of large amounts of ascorbic acid which served so well in the survival of the mammals in the course of evolution.
• Its implications for health and well-being are vast because it furnishes the basis for the new unexplored fields of preventive medicine and therapeutics (megascorbic prophylaxis and megascorbic therapy).
• It is hoped that the publication of these new ways of using ascorbic acid will stimulate the flood of research similar to that which occurred when ascorbic acid was discovered in the early 1930s.
• Let us see how long it will take to break down the "vitamin-barriers" of current orthodox medical dogma.”
Note – The Healing Factor was originally published in 1972 … 46 years ago!
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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“…the chronic under-dosing of vitamin C from minimal or no supplementation and from eating depleted food
will facilitate the development of nearly all the chronic degenerative disease that affects man.”
Irwin Stone – The Healing Factor
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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“hexuronic acid” from adrenalsThe antiscorbutic factor
OC
Albert Szent-Györgyi
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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CGlucose
e-O:Oe-O2
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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One of the primary substances assuring that a vigorous,
continuing electron exchange takes place among the body’s
tissues and moleculesC1937 Nobel Prize
in Medicine for the
discovery of vitamin C,
in connection with
biological respiration
e-O:Oe-Two UNPAIRED electrons e-
with parallel spins
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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e-O:Oe-Amazing factoid:
atmospheric oxygen
O2is relatively unreactive!
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Pauli Exclusion Principle:Two electrons
in the same orbit
must have
opposite spins in order to react
with Glucose and other organic molecules Glucose
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Glucose
e-O:Oe-O2
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Elements:1. Paraffin2. Wick
3. Activated O2
4. Match is Activator
Products:1. Heat 2. Light3. CO24. H2O
A Simple Electron Transfer System
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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When a glass jar is placed over a lighted candle,
the flame goes out.Why does this happen?
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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The electro-chemical potential of the hydrocarbon bonds was converted to
heat, light, CO2 + H2O … but not until an
activated electron receiver was available
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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superoxide
hydrogenperoxide
perhydroxylradical
water
singlet oxygen
atmosphericoxygen
hydroxylradical H2O
H2O2
FreeEnergyKcal/mol water
H2O
O2H
HO
O2
1O2
O2.-
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Atmospheric O2e-O:Oe-
exists in the “ground state”
O2 must be activated to be “electron receptive”
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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e-O:Oe-Atmospheric O2 hastwo single electrons
with same-spin
e- transfers can only happen one electron at a time
low reactivity
O:OActivated O2 has
two opposite-spin paired electrons
e- is now highly reactivewith other pairs of electrons
especially double bonds
e-
e-Activation to
Singlet Oxygen
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Activated Oxygen
O:OThis is NOW an
electron receiver
e-e-
Atmospheric Oxygen
O:ORelatively
Unreactive
e-e- O2is gone
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Atmospheric O2 must be ACTIVATEDbefore it can act as an
ELECTRON RECEIVER
:O:O: :O:O:
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Redox Molecules Electron Donors
Electron Receivers
Electron Transfer
Electron Storage
Electron “Energy Transfer”
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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“One definition of life is a state in which an
optimal degree of electron interchange
among cells can take place.”
Dr. Thomas Levy
Curing the Incurable
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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CGlucose
e-O:Oe-O2
© Riordan Clinic 2018
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Ascorbate as Redoxome “Oil”Optimizing Electron Flow Efficiency
© Riordan Clinic 2018