Tokyo is the Hub of Japan’s Economic ActivityOverview of Tokyo’s Economy
127,094,745Population
2015377,972㎢
Land Area
201659,611,589Number of Employed Persons
2010
5,541,634Number of Establishments
2014
393,391 Number of Factories
2011
1,407,235Number of Establishments
(Wholesale, Retail)
2014
287.3 trillion yenValue of Manufactured Goods Shipments
2011
478.8 trillion yenAnnual Product Sales (Wholesale, Retail)
2014
70.4 trillion yenValue of Exports
2016( revised)
777Number of Students 2,873,624
Number of Universities
FY2016
66.0 trillion yenValue of Imports
2016(preliminary)
5,641
Number of ResearchInstitutes for National Sciences
2014
3,158Number of Foreign-Affi liated Companies
2016
532.2 trillion yenGross Domestic Product (Nominal)
FY2015
5,919Number of Enterprises Capitalized at 1 Billion Yen or More
2014
3,065 thousand yenPrefectural income per capita (all prefectures total)
FY2013
474.0 trillion yenLoans Outstanding of Banks (Domestically Licensed)
end of December2016
70.6%Ratio of Tertiary Industry Persons Engaged in Work
201299.8 trillion yenGross Prefectural Product
FY201366,236
Number of Establishments(Information and Communications)
2014
24.0 millionNumber of Foreign Visitors
2016(preliminary)
1,750,071Number of Enterprises
2014 99.7%
Ratio of Small andMedium Enterprises
2014
[Sources] ・ CAO “Annual Report on National Accounts”・ CAO “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts”・ BOJ “Deposits and Loans Market”・ JNTO materials・ MIC / METI “Economic Census for Business Activity: Tabulation of individual industries (Manufacturing Industry)”
・ MOF “Trade Statistics of Japan”・ METI “Census of Commerce”・ MEXT “School Basic Survey”・ MIC “Employment Status Survey”
・ MIC “Population Census”・ Geographical Survey Institute, MLIT “Land Survey of Prefectures, Shi, Ku, Machi and Mura”・ MIC “Economic Census for Business Frame”・ Small and Medium Enterprise Agency “White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises in Japan”・ Toyo Keizai, Inc. “Foreign Affiliated Companies in Japan: A Comprehensive Directory”
*including establishments owned by national and local governments
(Service Activities) (all prefectures total)
*2011 average
Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 20172
Tokyo is the Hub of Japan’s Economic Activity
Tokyo is the Hub of Japan’s Economic Activity
13,515,271(10.6%)Population
20152,191㎢(0.6%)
Land Area
2016 8,174,194(13.7%) Number of Employed
Persons (based on workplace)
201015,576,130
Daytime Population
2010
653,819(11.8%)Number of Establishments
2014
34,879(8.9%)Number of Factories
2011
157,968(11.2%)
Number of Establishments(Wholesale, Retail)
2014
8.9trillion yen(3.1%)Value of Manufactured
Goods Shipments
2011
167.9 trillion yen(35.1%)Annual Product Sales (Wholesale, Retail)
2014
15.2 trillion yen(21.7%)
Value of Exports (Port of Tokyo, Haneda Airport, and Narita Airport)
2016(preliminary)22.6 trillion yen(34.2%)
Value of Exports (Port of Tokyo, Haneda Airport, and Narita Airport)
2016(preliminary)
889(15.8%)Number of Research
Institutes for National Sciences
2,419(76.6%)
Number of Foreign-Affi liated Companies
2016
95.4trillion yenGross Prefectural Domestic Product (Nominal)
FY2015(preliminary)
2,964(50.1%)Number of Enterprises
Capitalized at 1 Billion Yen or More
2014
4,508 thousand yen(147.1%)Prefectural income per capita
FY2013
201.2 trillion yen(42.4%)Loans Outstanding of Banks (Domestically Licensed)
end of December 2016
81.5%Ratio of Tertiary IndustryPersons Engaged in Work
201219.1 trillion yen(19.2%)Gross Prefectural Product (Service Activities)
FY2013 22,590(34.1%)Number of Establishments
(Information and Communications)
2014
11.9 millionNumber of Foreign Travelers to Tokyo
2015
272,754(15.6%)Number of Enterprises
2014 99.0%Ratio of Small andMedium Enterprises
2012
137(17.6%)Number of Students 746,397(26.0%)
Number of Universities
FY2016
[Sources] ・ TMG “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts, preliminary and estimated”
・ CAO “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts”・ BOJ “Deposits and Loans Market”・ TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs materials・ MIC / METI “Economic Census for Business Activity : Tabulation of individual industries (Manufacturing Industry)”
・ Tokyo Customs materials・ METI “Census of Commerce”・ MEXT “School Basic Survey”・ MIC “Employment Status Survey”
・ MIC “Population Census”
・ Geographical Survey Institute, MLIT “Land Survey of Prefectures, Shi, Ku, Machi and Mura”
・ MIC “Economic Census for Business Frame”
・ TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs research
・ Toyo Keizai, Inc. “Foreign Affiliated Companies in Japan: A Comprehensive Directory”
Percentage in parentheses represents the proportion to the national total.
2014
※ 2005 average
*including establishments owned by national and local governments
Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017 3
Note: Top 6 prefectures in gross prefectural product are listed.Source: CAO “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts”
Gross domestic product (nominal) by country (worldwide, 2014)
Gross prefectural product (nominal) and prefecturalincome per capita by prefecture (nationwide, FY2013)
173.5
103.5
46.1 38.7
29.9 28.3 24.2 21.4 20.5 18.6 17.8 14.5 14.1
USA
Chi
na
Japa
n
Ger
man
y
UK
Fran
ce
Braz
il
Italy
Indi
a
Rus
sia
Can
ada
Aust
ralia
Sout
h Ko
rea
Spai
n
Mex
ico
Net
herla
nds
Toky
o
Turk
ey
13.8 12.9 8.8 8.6 8.0 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180(100 billion US dollars)
93.1
37.3 35.430.2
20.7 19.8
4,508
2,995
3,579
2,972
2,859 3,019
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120(1,000 yen)(Trillion yen) Prefectural income
per capita (right axis)
Gross prefectural product (nominal)Gross prefectural product (nominal)To
kyo
Osa
ka
Aich
i
Kana
gaw
a
Saita
ma
Chi
baPercentage in the whole country (right axis)
Others
Company
Individual proprietorships
4.2 4.9
2.3 1.6
15.8
1.1
6.2
4.3
9.3 4.8
1.8
4.8 4.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30(10,000 establishments) (%)
11.8
8.2 10.1
34.1
12.2 11.2 13.0
16.1
18.8
12.8
9.9 10.8 11.4 11.0
Educ
ation
, lear
ning s
uppo
rt
Medic
al, he
alth c
are an
d welf
are
Servi
ces,
n.e.c.
Living
-relat
ed an
d pers
onal
servi
ces a
nd am
usem
ent s
ervice
s
Acco
mmod
ation
s, ea
ting
and d
rinkin
g ser
vices
Scien
tific re
searc
h, pro
fessio
nal
and t
echn
ical se
rvice
s
Real
estat
e and
good
s re
ntal a
nd le
asing
All in
dustr
ies to
tal
Cons
tructi
on
Manu
factur
ing
Inform
ation a
nd co
mmun
ication
s
Transp
ort an
d post
al activ
ities
Who
lesale
and r
etail t
rade
Finan
ce an
d ins
uran
ce
Number of establishments and percentagein the whole country by industry (Tokyo, 2014)
Overview of Tokyo’s Economy
1 Tokyo’s Economy is Comparable to a Country’s Economy
4 Establishments Mainly in “Information and Communications” are Concentrated in Tokyo
5 Number of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Accounts for 99% of All Enterprises
Note: The industrial divisions which have 1,000 or more small and medium enterprises are listed. SMEs and small enterprises are defined in accordance with the definitions in the Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Basic Act. Excludes the establishments which are unable to classify to whether the business establishments of SMEs or large enterprises because either industrial classifications, number of regular employees or capital size is unknown. The number of medium enterprises is equivalent to the number of deducting small enterprises from SMEs. The percentage of SMEs = number of SMEs/number of all enterprises×100.
Source: MIC, METI “Economic Census for Business Activity” reorganized by TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs
While Forming a Huge Economic Base, Tokyo Faces
Note: Industry divisions which have 10,000 establishments or more are listed.Source: MIC “Economic Census for Business Frame”
Number of enterprises by industry and enterprise size, and percentage of SMEs (Tokyo, 2012)
Educ
atio
n, le
arni
ng s
uppo
rt
Medic
al, he
alth c
are an
d welf
are
Serv
ices
, n.e
.c.
Living
-relat
ed an
d pers
onal
servi
ces a
nd am
usem
ent s
ervice
s
Acco
mm
odat
ions,
eatin
g an
d dr
inking
serv
ices
Scien
tific r
esea
rch, p
rofes
siona
l an
d tec
hnica
l ser
vices
Real
esta
te a
nd g
oods
rent
al an
d lea
sing
All in
dust
ries
tota
l
Cons
truct
ion
Man
ufac
turin
g
Inform
ation
and c
ommu
nicati
ons
Tran
spor
t and
pos
tal a
ctivit
ies
Who
lesa
le a
nd re
tail t
rade
Fina
nce
and
insu
ranc
e
3.7 4.8
1.7 1.1
9.9
0.4
4.9 3.6
6.0
3.5
0.9 2.4
1.6
99.0
99.6 98.5
96.1
99.2 98.7
97.0
99.7 99.2 99.6 99.5 99.5 99.7
97.2
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Large enterprise Medium enterprise(10,000 enterprises)
Percentage of SMEs (right axis)
Small enterprise(%)
Note: The above comparison is for 2014 (calendar year), except Tokyo (from April 1st, 2014 to March 31st, 2015) and Australia (from July 1st, 2014 to June 30th, 2015). The gross prefectural product in Tokyo is converted to US dollars by using the 12-month simple average of the monthly average value of the interbank spot central rates at the Tokyo Foreign Exchange Market (1 US dollar = 109.92 yen).
Source: TMG “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts”
4 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Gross prefectural domestic product in Tokyoyear-on-year growth rate
(Real, Chain-linked method) (Tokyo)
Gross prefectural domestic product (nominal) by economicactivity and percentage of the tertiary industry (Tokyo)
15(FY)
Electricity, gas and water supplyConstructionManufacturingWholesale and retail trade
Finance and insurance Real estateInformation and communications
Service activities Producers of government services
0.5
-2.7
-3.8
1.2
2.1
0.4
2.0
-0.7 -0.3
-1.1
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16(FY)
(%)
(%)
7.87.87.87.8 6.56.5 6.36.36.56.5 6.36.3
20.9 18.8 18.4
11.79.0 8.9
11.212.3 12.4
11.311.6 11.8
19.920.0 20.4
6.45.9 5.9
87.9 Percentage of tertiary industry (right axis) 88.7 88.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
(Trillion yen)
100.2
Terti
ary i
ndus
try
95.0 95.5
ManufacturingManufacturingConstructionConstruction
Wholesale and retail tradeWholesale and retail trade
Finance and insuranceFinance and insurance
Real estateReal estateTransportTransport
Information and communicationsInformation and communications
Service activitiesService activities
Producers of government servicesProducers of government services
ManufacturingManufacturingConstructionConstruction
Wholesale and retail tradeWholesale and retail trade
Finance and insuranceFinance and insurance
Real estateReal estateTransportTransport
Information and communicationsInformation and communications
Service activitiesService activities
Producers of government servicesProducers of government services
Transport
Mining
Producers of private non-profit services to households
75 35 350(万人)
0 75
男性 女性
2040年(推計)
年齢別・男女別人口ピラミッド(東京)
1980年
2015年
90歳以上85~8980~8475~7970~7465~6960~6455~5950~5445~4940~4435~3930~3425~29
20~2415~1910~14
5~90~4
Tokyo's Economic Base and Characteristics
3
7
Tertiary Industry Accounts For About 90% of Gross Prefectural Domestic Product in Tokyo
Compared with Other Countries in the World, Rate of Aging is High in Tokyo
2 Growth of Gross Prefectural Domestic Product in Tokyo is Expected to be Negative for Three Consecutive Years
Note: Figures for FY2015 are preliminary and fi gures for FY2016 are estimates.Source: TMG “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts”, “Annual Report on Prefectural
Accounts, preliminary and estimated”
Note: Taxes and duties on imports, and deduction of consumption taxes for gross capital formation are excluded. Figures for FY2015 are preliminary.
Source: TMG “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts”, “Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts, preliminary and estimated”
Note: Figures before 2015 are actual values based on the "Population Census". Figures for 2040 are estimates by the Office of the Governor for Policy Planning of TMG.
Source: MIC“Population Census”, TMG“Tokyo 2020 action plan”
6 As Demographic Aging Progresses, Population Composition by Age Drastically Changes
Acceleration of Demographic Aging
75 35 350(10,000 persons)
0 75
2040(Estimates)
Population pyramid by age and sex (Tokyo)
1980
2015
90 years oldand over85-8980-8475-7970-7465-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-1910-14
5-90-4
FemaleMale
Note: Population aging rate is the percentage of the population aged 65 and over in the total population. Figures for Japan and Tokyo before 2015 are the actual values based on the“Population Census”. Figures for Tokyo from 2020 and later are estimates by the Offi ce of the Governor for Policy Planning of TMG.Figures for Japan from 2020 and later are estimates by using the results of “Population Census 2010” as the standard population and do not link to the fi gures in 2015. All fi gures of the other countries are estimates.
Source: MIC “Population Census”, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research “Population Projection for Japan”, TMG “Tokyo 2020 action plan”, UN “World Population Prospects”
Population aging rate by country and region (worldwide)
3.8
22.7 Tokyo29.3
5.7
26.6 Japan
36.1
South Korea
30.8
China
24.6
Sweden
23.8
UK
23.8
France
26.0 Germany
31.3
USA
21.9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1960 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
(%)
Estimates
5Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017
Exports and imports value by countryand region (Port of Tokyo)
024681012
2006
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
(Trillion yen)
USA EU China Asia (except China) Middle East Others
Export 5.0
5.6
5.4
3.6
4.6
4.7
4.7
5.5
6.1
6.2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12(Trillion yen)
Import7.0
7.7
8.0
6.6
7.5
8.1
8.5
10.0
11 .0
11.4
5.8 10.6
Export Import8.9
6.2
11.5
7.5
5.3 5.6
3.4
1.0 1.6
2.7
12.6 11.4
5.4 4.6
3.9 3.3
5.0
3.6 2.4
0.6 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
(Trillion yen)
Exports and imports value by port (nationwide, 2015)
Nar
ita A
irpor
t
Port
of T
okyo
Port
of N
agoy
a
Port
of Y
okoh
ama
Kans
ai A
irpor
t
Port
of K
obe
Port
of O
saka
Port
of C
hiba
Port
of K
awas
aki
Port
of M
ikaw
a
1,178
357
220 203 169 146 107 87
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
(Companies) Composition ratio of number of foreign-affiliated companies
by prefecture (2016)
Tokyo76.6
Kanagawa8.5
Osaka 3.9 Hyogo 2.5
Chiba1.4
Others7.2
Total in Japan3,158
Number of foreign-affiliated companies by nationality ofits parent company (nationwide, 2016)
USA
Ger
man
y
UK
Fran
ce
Sout
h Ko
rea
Switz
erla
nd
Chi
na
Net
herla
nds
Composition ratio of numberof overseas affiliates
by prefecture (FY 2014)
Tokyo50.4
Osaka12.7
Aichi 9.2 Kanagawa 4.9 Shizuoka 3.0
Others19.8
Total inJapan24,011
2004 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
3.6 China7.8 2.6
ASEAN4
4.0 1.9
NIEs 3
2.7 1.3
2.7
North America
3.2
2.4
Europe
2.8
1.4
Other s
2.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
14(FY)
(1,000 companies)
15.0
23.9
7.6
4.2
2.7 1.4 3.2
2.8 2.1 24.0
Other Asia
Asia
Number of overseas affiliates bylocated region (nationwide)
(%)
(%)
Overview of Tokyo’s Economy
Both People and Products Mingle and Globalization is
1
43
Note: In case there are more than one parent companies, all of them are counted. Top 8 countries are listed.
Source: Toyo Keizai Inc. “Foreign Affi liated Companies in Japan: A Comprehensive Directory”
Note: Values for 2016 are preliminary. Hong Kong is not included in China.Source: MOF “Trade Statistics of Japan”
Note: Top 10 ports by exports and imports value are listed.Source: MOF “Trade Statistics of Japan”
Note: Figures are as of each FY end. ASEAN4: Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines. NIEs3: Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea. “Overseas affiliate” is the collective term of an overseas subsidiary (a foreign company with at least 10% investment from the Japanese investors) and an overseas sub-subsidiary (a foreign company with at least 50% investment from overseas subsidiaries with at least 50% investment from the Japanese investors).
Source: METI “Basic Survey on Overseas Business Activities”, Prepared by TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs based on RESAS (Original data: Reorganizing and processing METI “Basic Survey on Overseas Business Activities”)
2Tokyo Attracts Foreign-Affiliated Companies
Exports and Imports Value at Port of Tokyo Turns to Decline
Companies in Tokyo are ActivelyExpanding Overseas
Total Exports and Imports Value at Port of Tokyo is the Second Largest in Japan
6 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017
Singapore
Brussels
ParisVienna
Seoul
Geneva
(Meetings)
Number of international meetings by city (worldwide)
736
298
665
316 308
58
249
494
363 362
215
172
242
187
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
2006 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15Bangkok
Berlin
Barcelona
Number of foreign visitors to Japanby country and region (nationwide)
81.2 China
499.4 637.3
211.7 South Korea
400.2
509.0
130.9 Taiwan
367.7
416.7
Hongkong
152.4
183.9
81.7 81.7
USAUSAUSAUSA
103.3 103.3
124.3 124.3
160.6 Others
333.4
398.0
733.4
1,973.7
2,403.9
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2,200
2,400
2,600
2006 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
(10,000 persons)
Australia
Thailand
Tokyo wards area
(Million persons) (10,000 tons)
Number of passengers and volume of cargo handled (Haneda Airport)Number of passengers
Number of passengers
Volume of cargo handled
Volume of cargo handled
1.8 10.6 12.8
65.0
62.2 62.5
66.8
72.7 75.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
0.6
26.9 33.2
71.4
76.6
75.6 72.0
103.5
108.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
International flights
3.50 million tons
1.81 million tons
International flights73 Million
Domestic flights
Domestic flights
204 Million
Composition ratio of number of passengers andvolume of cargo handled by airport (nationwide, 2015)
Narita International38.2
KansaiInternational
22.1
17.4 6.4 5.9 5.9 6.8
Haneda 30.6 9.0 8.1 8.1 7.8 7.1 Other airports
34.0
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Osaka InternationalNew Chitose
Chubu International
Narita International 58.2 Kansai
International19.9 9.5
5.1
4.9
Haneda 41.7 Naha
12.3 11.3
FukuokaFukuoka
10.9 10.9 7.2 13.9
(%)
(%)
International flights
Domestic flights
International flights
Domestic flights
International flights
Domestic flights
International flights
Domestic flights
Persons
Persons
Tokyo's Economic Base and Characteristics
Expanding in Tokyo
5 6
7
Note: Top 7 countries and regions in 2016 are listed. Figures for 2016 are estimates.
Source: JNTO materials
Note: For the composition ratio, top 6 airports are listed.Source: MLIT “Airport Management Report”
Note: Top 10 cities by number of international meetings in 2015 are listed.Source: JNTO materials
At Haneda Airport, Number of International Flight Passengers andVolume of Air Cargo Handled are Increasing Every Year
In Recent Years, Number of Foreign Visitors to Japan is Drastically Increasing
Tokyo Wards Area Hosted 6th Highest Number of International Meetings in the World
7Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017
Overview of Tokyo’s Economy
3
62
1
As Finance and R&D Support Functions are Accumulated,
Deposits and Loans are Accumulated in Tokyo Universities and Research Institutes are Accumulated in Tokyo
IT Related Businesses Account for About 60%of Investment Destinations of Venture Capitals
Tokyo is Ranked No.5 in the World asGlobal Financial Centre
Composition ratio of deposit and loanby prefecture (nationwide, 2016)
Tokyo 35.0
42.4
Osaka8.3
7.9
5.3
4.0
4.9
3.8
3.8 Others 42.7
38.1
0 20 40 60 80 100
Deposits764.4 trillion yen
Loans474.0 trillion yen
Kanagawa
Aichi
Saitama
Fukuoka
3.83.8
(%)
Note: Figures for deposits and loans are as of end of December (in domestic banking books). Resolution and Collection Corporation and Japan Post Bank are excluded. Offshore accounts are not included. Deposits include negotiable certifi cates of deposit. Top 5 prefectures are listed.
Source: BOJ “Deposits and Loans Market”
Note: Number of universities is as of May 1st, 2016. Number of scientific and development research institutes is as of 2014 (including establishments owned by national and local governments). Number of patent attorneys is as of end of 2015.
Source: MEXT “School Basic Survey”, MIC “Economic Census for Business Frame”, Japan Patent Offi ce “Annual Report”
Source: VEC “VEC YEARBOOK2016”
Note: Top 7 cities in 2016 are listed. Figures are as of September each year. This is an index taking the related data and the results of hearing investigation to f inancial market par ticipants into account, with regard to the f ive fields: “Business environment”, “Development level of financial industry”, “Infrastructure”, “Human capital” and “Reputation”.
Source: Z/Yen Group “Global Financial Centres Index”
Singapore
625
Tokyo
734
Global International Financial Centres Index (worldwide)
806London
787 New York
673
697
Hong Kong
608
San Francisco
621
Boston
600
650
700
750
800
850
2007 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
795794
752748
720719
17.6
17.2
Tokyo 54.9
7.1
Osaka15.1
Kanagawa7.4
7.2
Aichi6.4
5.1 15.1
4.8 Others 59.3
5.9 59.8
0 20 40 60 80 100
Number ofuniversities
777
Number of scientificand development
research institutes6,633
Number ofpatent attorneys
10,890
(%)
Hokkaido 4.8
2.6 2.6
Hyogo 4.8Hyogo 4.8
Ibaraki4.9
Ibaraki4.9
Composition ratio of institutes related to research andintellectual property by prefecture (nationwide)
IT related57.9
Biotechnology /Medical /
Healthcare
Biotechnology /Medical /
Healthcare
10.0 10.0
Industrials / Energy /
Other industries
Industrials / Energy /
Other industries 15.7 15.7
Products andServices
16.4
(%)
Investment of venture capitals by industry sector(persentage of overall investment)
(nationwide, FY2015)
8 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017
Gross domestic spending on R&Dand ratio to GDP (worldwide, 2014)
432.6
344.6
159.2
99.6 72.8
54.3 41.5 38.2 30.2 25.4
2.72.7
2.02.0
2.72.7
3.6
2.9
4.3
2.3 1.7
1.2
3.0
1.3
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500(billion dollars)
Ratio to GDP (right axis)
USA
Chi
na
Japa
n
Ger
man
y
Sout
h Ko
rea
Fran
ce UK
Rus
sia
Chi
nese
Tai
pei
Italy
USA
Japan
Germany
China
UK
FranceSouth Korea
29.8
2.5
8.5
16.0 18.1
24.9
44.2
14.6
5.3
46.9
57.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
(1,000 applications)
Number of PCT international patent applicationsby applicants' country of residence (worldwide)
2005 0706 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
(%)
Business fields where SMMs desire toenhance or expand their businesses (Tokyo, 2015)
28.2
27.4
18.0
13.8
13.2
11.6
11.3
7.7
5.3
20.3
0 10 20 30
Medical care, welfare and nursing care related
Environment and energy related
Agriculture, food and biotechnology related
Health and sports related
Robot related
Infrastructure development and maintenance related
Aerospace related
Risk management and disaster prevention related
Nanotechnology related
Others
23.5
Life science30.3 28.0
Information technology
20.9
8.9
Environmental science and technology 12.0
7.7 Nanotechnology 10.0
8.8
Energy10.6
2.4 Space exploration 2.6 1.0
Oceanology
1.2 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35(100 billion yen)
Expenditure on R&D by selected objective (nationwide)
2005 0706 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 (FY)
(%)
5
8
4
7
As Finance and R&D Support Functions are Accumulated, Tokyo Can Be Expected to Collaborate with Growing Sectors
Japan is No. 2 in the World in Terms of Number of International Patent Applications by Residents
Corporate R&D Expenditures in the Fields of Life Science, Information Technology and Communications are High
R&D Expenditures of Japan is No. 3 in the World
Small and Medium-sized Manufacturers (SMM) are Expected to Expand Their Businesses to Fields of Medical Care, Welfare and Nursing Care, Environment and Energy
Note: Top 7 countries in 2015 are listed. Figures for 2015 are estimates.Source: WIPO “Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review”
Note: R&D expenditures spent within organizations by enterprises with the capital of 100 million yen or more, nonprofit organizations and public institutions, universities, etc.
Source: MIC “Survey of Research and Development”
Note: Top 10 countries are listed. Figure in 2013 is used only for USA.Source: OECD “Gross domestic spending on R&D”
Note: Multiple answers allowed. Only answers from companies who intend to enhance their businesses or extend those to new business fields were aggregated.
Source: TMG “Current Status of SMEs in Tokyo (Manufacturing Industry Edition)”
Tokyo's Economic Base and Characteristics
9Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017
Overview of Tokyo’s Economy
Economy of Japan and Tokyo during 2016 as Seen
1
2
3
Indexes of Business Conditions has been Improving since October
Real GDP Growth Rate has been Changing toward Positive
Nikkei Stock Average Turned Upward Over the Year End
Indexes of business conditions (nationwide)(2010 =100)
114.8
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
GDP growth rate by quarter (nationwide)
Nominal
1.6
Real
1.2
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ2006 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
(%)
(1,000 yen)
Closing price
Nikkei stock average (nationwide)
20.87
19.11
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
2006 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Note: CI: coincident index. The shadowed areas indicate recessions. December 2016 revised release.Source: CAO “Indexes of Business Conditions”
Note: Quarterly Estimates of GDP for Oct. - Dec. 2016 (The 2nd preliminary). Figures are seasonally adjusted annual rates. Changes from the previous quarter.Source: CAO “SNA (National Accounts of Japan)”
Note: Figures for the period from January 2006 to December 2016 are listed. Figures are daily closing prices.Source: Nikkei Inc. materials
10 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017
Economic Trends of Tokyo in 2016
4
7
5
6
through Data
Production Indices Showed Decline for 2 Consecutive Years
Trade Balance Recorded a Surplus for the First Time in 6 years
Sales of Departmentstores Turned Downward
Number of Visitor Arrivals Exceeded 24 Million
Note: Monthly values are seasonally adjusted. Values for Tokyo in December and 2016 represent preliminary fi gures.
Source TMG “Indices of Industrial Production”, METI “Indices of Industrial Production”
Note: The value of imports for 2016 and December are preliminary fi gures.Source: MOF “Trade Statistics of Japan”
Note: The fi gures of visitor arrivals for December and 2016 are estimates. Source: Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) “Visitor Arrivals & Japanese
Overseas Travelers”
(2010 average = 100)2016
Production index
97.8 97.6
98.3
nationwide
99.9
95.2
97.6
94.3 Tokyo
90
95
100
105
2012 13 14 15 16
100.6
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Sales of departmentstores and supermarkets (Tokyo wards area) and convenience stores (greater Kanto area),
the number of new vehicles sold (Tokyo)
2016
2012 13 14 15 16 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
1.7
Departmentstores-2.1
0.0 -1.6 -2.1
0.2
4.1
Supermarkets
- 0.5
3.5 3.1 4.0
Convenience stores
3.0
Number of newvehicles sold
-10
0
10
20
30 (Percentage changes from the previous year / from the same month of the previous year)
23.1
1.7
-1.2
3.7
(%)
3.8
-15.9 -17.8 Value of imports
-2.6 -2.7 -7.4
-12.9 Value of exports
5.4
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
63.7 63.7 70.0 70.7 5.4
6.7 6.0 6.0 6.0
01234567
015
30
45
60
75
90
(Trillion yen)(Trillion yen) Value of exportsValue of imports
Trade value (nationwide)
Monthly value (right axis)Monthly value (right axis)Annual totalAnnual total Monthly value (right axis)Monthly value (right axis)Annual totalAnnual total
2016
2012 13 14 15 16
(Percentage changes from the previous year / from the same month of the previous year)
(%)
66.0 66.0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec 2012 13 14 15 16
Number of visitor arrivals and Japaneseoverseas travelers (nationwide)
Visitor Arrivals
Japanese overseas travelers
836 836
2,404
1,849 1,7121,712
185205
128128146146
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
(10,000 persons)(10,000 persons)
34.4
21.8
52.0
Visitor Arrivals
15.6 8.8 5.6 3.3
Japanese overseas travelers
8.0
-15
0
15
30
45
60
(Percentage changes from the previous year / from the same month of the previous year)
Annual totalAnnual total Monthly value (right axis)Monthly value (right axis)Annual totalAnnual total Monthly value (right axis)Monthly value (right axis)
(%)
2016
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Note: Figures for departmentstores and supermarkets are sales value of existing establishments, fi gures for convenience stores are of all establishments. The greater Kanto area consists of one metropolis (Tokyo) and 10 prefectures (Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, Saitama, Chiba, Kanagawa, Niigata, Yamanashi, Nagano and Shizuoka).
The number of new vehicles sold is the total number of passenger cars, compact cars, medium-duty trucks, small trucks and buses sold, and does not include special vehicles, trailers and others unable to classify.
Source: METI “Monthly Report on the Current Survey of Commerce”, Japan Automobile Dealers Association materials
11Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017
2
4
1
3
Consumer Price Index Remained Almost Negative Compared with the Same Month of the Previous Year
Corporate Goods Price Index Turned Upward since November Services Producer Price Index has been on Upward Trend
Note: Fresh food is excluded.Source: MIC “Consumer Price Index”
Note: DI is calculated by the percentage of companies who answered that business conditions are “favorable” minus that of companies who answered “unfavorable”. “Total” is the total of the four industries.
Source: TMG “Business Conditions of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tokyo”
Source: BOJ “Monthly Report on the Corporate Goods Price Index”, “Monthly Report on the Services Producer Price Index”
Note: Bankrupt companies with liabilities of 10 million yen or more.Source: TMG “Enterprise Bankruptcies in Tokyo” (researched by Tokyo Shoko Research, Ltd.)
Business Environment of the enterprises in Japan and Tokyo during 2016 as Seen through Data
(2015 average = 100)
Consumer price index
99.4 99.5
99.5 99.8
99.0
99.5
100.0
100.5
101.0
→2016→2015
(Consumer price index)
2.2
-0.2
2.2
-0.6-1.0-0.50.00.51.01.52.02.5
Nationwide
Nationwide
Tokyo wards area
Tokyo wards area
(Percentage changes from the same monthof the previous year)
2010-Base 2015-Base
(%)
Jan
Feb
Mar Ap
rM
ay Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec Jan
Feb
Mar Ap
rM
ay Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Corporate goods price index andServices producer price index (nationwide)
102.2
103.5
100
101
102
103
104
Services producer price index (2010 average = 100)
100.6
97.1
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Corporate goods price index (2015 average =100)
→2016→2015
Jan
Feb
Mar Ap
rM
ay Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec Jan
Feb
Mar Ap
rM
ay Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Business conditions DI forSMEs by industry (Tokyo)Business conditions DI forSMEs by industry (Tokyo)
Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail tradeServices Total
-33
-22
-39
-36
-55
-46
-33
-21
-39
-30
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
2012 13 14 15 16
Annual total 2016 (right axis)
Number of corporate bankruptcies
-1.4
-8.0 -6.3
1.5
-4.7
-4.1 5.1
-22.5 -30
-20
-10
0
10
20
(%) (Percentage changes from the previous year /from the same month of the previous year)
12,124
8,446
2,470 1,654
675 710
143 2,470 1,654 143 145 145
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
0
5,000
10,000
15,000(Cases) (Cases)
2012 13 14 15 16
Nationwide
Nationwide
Tokyo
TokyoTokyo
Jan
Feb
Mar Ap
r
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Nationwide
Number of Corporate Bankruptcies has been on the Decline
Business Conditions Among SMEs Have been alternating between growth and decline
Overview of Tokyo’s Economy
12 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017
Economic Trends of Tokyo in 2016
2
4
1
3
Unemployment Rate Continues to Improve Active Job Openings-to-Applicants Ratio is on the Rise
Source: MIC, TMG “Labour Force Survey”
Note: Establishments with 5 employees or more.Source: MHLW, TMG “Monthly Labour Survey”
Note: Monthly values are seasonally adjusted.Source: MHLW, Tokyo Labour Bureau “Report on Employment Service”
Note: Establishments with 5 employees or more.Source: MHLW, TMG “Monthly Labour Survey”
Employment environment of Japan and Tokyo during 2016 as Seen through Data
Unemployment rate
4.5
3.8 Tokyo
4.3
3.2
3.1
3.5 3.3
2.9 Nationwide
2
3
4
5
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ2012 13 14 15 16 2015 16
(%)
Number of active job openings (Tokyo)
Number of active job applicants (Tokyo)
Number of active job openings and job applications, active job openings-to-applicants ratio
1.08
2.01 1.90 2.06
0.80 1.36
1.29 1.43
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5(Times)
25.6
36.7 35.8 37.1
18.3 18.9 18.3 18.9 18.0 18.0
05
10152025303540
2012 13 14 15 16
(10,000 persons)
23.7 25.6
23.7
Tokyo
Nationwide
Active job openings-to-applicant ratio
2016
Jan
Feb
Mar Ap
r
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Monthly total cash earnings
41.2 40.7 34.3
Tokyo Nationwide
31.7 31.4 26.9
54.7
31.7 31.4 26.9
54.7
70.8
0
20
40
60
80
2011 12 13 14 15
(10,000 yen)
-0.2 0.1 0.0
0.5
-1.1
-0.1 0.1
2.1
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
(Percentage changes from the previous year / from the same month of the previous year)
Nationwide
Tokyo
(%)
2016
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Tokyo Nationwide
(Percentage changes from the previous year / from the same month of the previous year)
11.2 12.0
11.210.0
11.0 10.510.0 10.5 11.2 11.2 11.3
02
4
6
8
10
12
14
2011 12 13 14 15
(Hours)
1.0
-1.0 -2.8 -1.8-0.8
0.4
-4.3 -5.8
-12-9-6-3036
Monthly non-scheduled hours worked
Nationwide
Tokyo
(%)
2016
Jan
Feb
Mar Ap
r
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Total of Non-scheduled Working Hours are Changing within the Negative Scale from the Previous year
Total Cash Earnings Tend to Move Almost Positive from the Previous Year
13Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2017