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Overview of Instruments for Onsite Analysis
OverviewProvidedbyAndyGreazelR.G.,CDMSmith
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Why Onsite Analysis?
• Real->medecisionmakingforevalua>ngtheextentofcontamina>on• Helpreduceoffsitelaboratorycosts• Evaluatecontaminateconcentra>onsduringremovalac>ons• Screeningsoilcorestoiden>fysampleintervals• Sampleholding>melimita>ons(remotesites)• Reducesamplepackingandshippingcosts
CDMSmith
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Tools Available
• Hand-heldGasChromatography–Frog-4000• FieldportableX-rayfluorescence(FP-XRF)–Niton,Olympus,andmore• Colorimetric–AQRColor-Tec,Cheiron• Immunoassay–MODERNWATER,• NearInfrared(NIR)-microPHAZIR™
CDMSmith
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Hand-held Gas Chromatography - Frog-4000™
• Handheldgaschromatograph(GC)capableofprovidingquan>ta>veresultsforsomeVOCanalytesincludingPCE,TCE,BTEX,VC,chlorinatedalkenes• Containsapreconcentrator,microGCcolumn,anda10.6eVlampphotoioniza>ondetector(PID)• Waterorsoil/watersamplesareplacedinthesparger• Awandisa_achedtotheunitforairsamples• EPASmallBusinessInnova>onResearchprogramrecipient
CDMSmith
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Hand-held Gas Chromatography - Frog-4000™
• INSERTFrog4000photo
CDMSmith
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Frog-4000™
Advantages• Abletoanalyzemul>-media• Providesquan>ta>veresultswithin10minutes• Smallandeasilyshippedandcarriedaroundsites• Manysamplescanbeanalyzedeachday;resultscanbeusedtomakereal->mesitedecisions
CDMSmith
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Frog-4000™
Considera>ons• Bestifoperatedbyachemistandataminimumsomeonefamiliarwithchromatographictechniques• Requirescalibra>onstandards,whichrequirecareinhandlinganddisposal• CannotanalyzeallchemicalsincludedinEPAMethod8260• Regulatorsmayrequiresplitsamplesbeanalyzedbyoffsitelab• Highcosttopurchase;limitedrentalop>ons• Notmanypeoplehaveheardoftheinstrument
CDMSmith
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FP-XRF
• FieldPortableX-rayFluorescence(FP-XRF)• Detec>onlimitsvary;needtocontactmanufactureforinstrumentspecific• EPAguidance:FieldPortableX-RayFluorescenceSpectrometryfortheDetermina;onofElementalConcentra;onsinSoilandSediment• FP-XRFsarecapabletoprovidequan>ta>veresultsfor16RCRAmetalsand10non-RCRAmetals(EPA2007)
CDMSmith
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FP-XRF
CDMSmith
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FP-XRF
Advantages• Canbeusedbymostfieldstaffwithminimaltraining• Availableforrentalfrommanycompanies• Lowcostpersample;manysamplescanbeanalyzedinaday• Hasbeenusedintheenvironmentalindustryforalong>me
CDMSmith
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FP-XRF
Considera>ons• Sampleswilllikelyrequireprepara>oninthefieldincludingsievinganddrying• Samplemoisture,soilmatrix,chemicalmatrix,andairtemperaturecaneffectresults• Off-sitesplitsamplesmayberequiredtoconfirmfieldresults• Expensivetopurchasetheequipment
CDMSmith
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Colorimetric - AQR Color-Tec®
• AQRColor-Tec®fieldscreeningtest-kitfortotalchlorinatedhalocarbons• Waterandwater/soilsamplesarecollectedinVOAsforanalysis• Tes>ngworksbyoxidizingchlorinatedcompoundsandadegrada>oncompound(hydrogenchloride)reactswiththecolorimetrictube• Colorimetricresponseconvertedtoarangeofexpectedequivalentconcentra>onoftotalchlorinatedhalocarbons,ifsamplewasanalyzedbyGC/MS
CDMSmith
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Colorimetric - AQR Color-Tec®
ImageSource:www.aqrcolortec.comCDMSmith
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Colorimetric - AQR Color-Tec®
Advantages• Lowcosttorentequipmentandpurchasesamplepacks• Lowdetec>onlevels(3µg/Land3µg/kg)• SimpletolearnandimplementinthefieldConsidera>ons• Providesqualita>veresultsoftotalchlorinatedcompoundsandnotindividualchemicals• Costisnotadvantagesun>lgreaterthan20samplesareanalyzed;alsoavailabletorent
CDMSmith
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Colorimetric - Cheiron Resources
• Shakertest,sprays,crystals,andswabsthatdetectthepresenceofsomepetroleumhydrocarbonsandsomechlorinatedcompounds(TCE,TCA,andPCE)issoil• Canbeusedtoiden>fyhotspots,sampleintervals,anddelineateimpactedsoil• Canbeusedtodetermineifoilispresentinwater
CDMSmith
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Colorimetric - Cheiron Resources
Advantages• Easytouseandtestiscompletedwithinminutes• Testcanbeappliedinmanyfashions• Canbeusedtohelpdeterminethepresenceofpetroleumhydrocarbonsandsomechlorinatedcompounds
Considera>ons• SomecompoundslikeEsterscaninterferewiththetest• Cannotbeusedbycolorblindpeople• Cannotdetectconcentra>onslessthen500ppm
CDMSmith
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Immunoassay
• RaPIDAssay®BTEX/TPH–MODERNWATER• Requiresextrac>onforsoilsamples;totalanalysis>meisapproximately1hr• Resultsarequan>ta>vetoqualita>ve,dependinguponknowledgeregardingsourcesofTPH• Lowlevelofdetec>onspossible(between1and>100PPM)
• RaPIDAssay®PCP• SimilartoBTEX/TPHtes>ng,butforPentachlorophenol(PCP)andotherorganochlorines• EPASW-8464010adescribesscreeningforPCPusingimmunoassaytestkits
• Manyimmunoassaytestkitsforpes>cidetes>ng
CDMSmith
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Immunoassay
Advantages• Capableofanalyzingmanysamples‘atonce’;goodforbiggersites• Canprovidebe_erdatawhencomparedtoshakertestkits• CananalyzeforavarietyofenvironmentalanalytesConsidera>ons• Mayrequiresomeminorlaboratoryequipmentandpeoplefamiliarwithusingtheequipment• Sometestrequiremorelabor• Sometestneedtobeanalyzedinbatchesduetomethodblanks• Equipmentrentalcosts
CDMSmith
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NIR microPHAZIR AS Asbestos Analyzer
• Hand-heldanalyzerthatcandetectthepresenceof:• Chryso>le• Crocidolite,• Anthophyllite• Tremolite• Ac>nolite• Amosite
• Screeningmaterialsduringdemoli>on/renova>on
CDMSmith
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NIR microPHAZIR AS Asbestos Analyzer
Advantages• Canconfirmthepresenceofasbestosinbuildingmaterial• EasytouseConsidera>ons• Detec>onlimitis>1%andonlythemanufacturehastestedtheproductsdetec>onlimitandthestudywasnotreleased• Requiresoffsiteanalysistoconfirmmaterialsdonotcontainasbestos
CDMSmith
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References
• EPA.2007.FieldPortableX-RAYFluorescenceSpectrometryfortheDetermina>onofElementalConcentra>onsinSoilandSediment.February.
CDMSmith