Overview of Energy Analysis and Overview of Energy Analysis and ManagementManagement
(For Commercial and Residential Buildings)(For Commercial and Residential Buildings)
Organized ByOrganized By
ISHRAE Education & Research FoundationISHRAE Education & Research Foundation
Presented ByPresented BySMH AdilSMH AdilSenior Energy AnalystSenior Energy AnalystGlobal Evolutionary Energy DesignGlobal Evolutionary Energy [email protected]@geedindia.org, , (M) 09873588571(M) 09873588571
Low Carbon ConsultantLow Carbon Consultant
AgendaAgenda Energy Issues and Energy Issues and
Policy Policy PrePre--Commissioning Commissioning
Energy Services & Energy Services & Design OptionsDesign Options
PostPost--Commissioning Commissioning Energy Management Energy Management OptionsOptions
Question & Answer Question & Answer Session Session
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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EnergyEnergy IssuesIssues andand PolicyPolicy
Energy Security
Right Financial Vehicles
Convincing Energy Policies
Climate Change
Kyoto Protocol
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
PrePre--Commissioning Energy Services & Commissioning Energy Services & Design OptionsDesign Options
Passive Architecture Whole building Energy
Simulation Design and load
evaluation of HVAC system
Ventilation System and Micro climate design
Building envelop optimization
BAS System Specification Compliance with local
energy code
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
PostPost--Commissioning Energy Management Commissioning Energy Management OptionsOptions
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Timely Energy Auditing
Energy Efficiency Monitoring Systems
Energy Benchmarking
Annual Energy Budgeting & Targeting
Energy Efficiency Measure and Retrofits (role of ESCO)
Gaining Confidence in Energy calculations
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Energy Issues and PolicyEnergy Issues and Policy
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Energy SecurityEnergy Security
Source: World Economic Forum and BEE India
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Imports of oil and coal had been increasing at rates of 7% and 16% per annum respectively during the period 1991-99.
The dependence on energy imports is projected to increase in the future.
Estimates indicate that oil imports will meet 75% of total oil consumption requirements and coal imports will meet 22% of total coal consumption requirements in 2006.
The imports of gas and LNG (liquefied natural gas) are likely to increase in the coming years.
This energy import dependence implies vulnerability to external price shocks and supply fluctuations, which threaten the energy security of the country.
The basic aim of energy security for a nation is to reduce its dependency on the imported energy sources for its economic growth.
Increasing dependence on oil imports means reliance on imports from the Middle East, a region susceptible to disturbances and consequent disruptions of oil supplies.
Some of the strategies that can be used to meet future challenges to our energy security are Building stockpiles Diversification of energy supply sources Increased capacity of fuel switching Demand restraint, Development of renewable energy sources. Energy efficiency Sustainable development
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Right Financial VehiclesRight Financial VehiclesE
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Learn about various financing options Determine project size, requirements, and
necessary financing measures Communicate project financing goals and
objectives to potential financiers Sources
From a central budget From a specific departmental or section
budget such as engineering By obtaining a bank loan By raising money from stock market Financial Management, Mutual Fund By awarding the project to Energy
Service Company (ESCO) By retaining a proportion of the savings
achieved.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Convincing Energy PoliciesConvincing Energy Policies1. All energy sources should be assessed on their merits and relative attributes,
recognizing that each faces issues, barriers and opportunities including cost, performance, safety, environmental impact, primary resource depletion and energy security.
2. Business supports energy efficiency to help reduce energy costs, energy consumption and negative environmental impacts, in particular climate change.
3. The business community can best contribute to addressing energy challenges when enabling framework conditions are in place. Key features of enabling frameworks include: open markets; Strong institutions and sound governance; Risk management; Protection of intellectual property; Due diligence; Rule of law and honoring contracts; Cost effective, consistent policies and regulations based on transparent, stable, economic and uniformly enforced regulatory systems.
4. Significant investment is required to maintain, grow and deliver the energy supplies required to meet future demand in a sustainable manner.
5. Business is investing resources towards technology advancement and deployment of lower carbon, renewable and more efficient technologies. Funding R&D activities directly (research centers) and indirectly (universities);
6. Business believes that voluntary multi-stakeholder partnerships can address energy challenges.
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Ozone layer depletion Ozone is highly reactive and easily broken down by man-made chlorine and bromine
compounds. The ozone depletion process begins when CFCs (used in refrigerator and air conditioners)
after several years, they reach the stratosphere by diffusion. Strong UV light breaks apart the ODS molecules. CFCs, HCFCs, carbon tetrachloride,
methyl chloroform release chlorine atoms, and halons and methyl bromide release bromine atoms.
It is the chlorine and bromine atom that actually destroys ozone, not the intact ODS molecule.
It is estimated that one chlorine atom can destroy from 10,000 to 100,000 ozone molecules before it is finally removed from the stratosphere
Global warming Over the last 100 years, it was found out that the earth is getting warmer although in the
previous 8000 years temperature has been relatively constant. The present temperature is 0.3 - 0.6 °C warmer than it was 100 years ago. The key greenhouse gases (GHG) causing global warming is carbon dioxide. CFC's, even
though they exist in very small quantities, are significant contributors to global warming. Fossil fuel combustion, world energy use has emerged at the center of the climate change
debate. Loss of biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on earth, The number of species of plants, animals, micro organisms, the enormous diversity of genes in species
The World Resource Institute reported the link between biodiversity and climate change. Rapid global warming can affect ecosystems chances to adapt naturally. Over the past 150 years, deforestation has contributed an estimated 30 percent of the
atmospheric build-up of CO2. It is also a significant driving force behind the loss of genes, species, and critical ecosystem services.
Climate ChangeClimate ChangeE
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC In June 1992, the "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" (UNFCCC) was
signed in Rio de Janeiro by over 150 nations. The convention's overall objective is the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the
atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."
The Climate convention does not have any quantitative targets or timetables for individual nations. However, the overall objective can be interpreted as stabilization of emissions of greenhouse gases by year 2000 at 1990 levels.
Negotiations on the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) were completed on December 11, 1997, committing the industrialized nations to specify, legally binding reductions in emissions of six greenhouse gases. The 6 major greenhouse gases covered by the protocol are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
Indian Response to Climatic Change Under the UNFCCC, India do not have binding GHG mitigation commitments The Ministry of Environment and Forests is the nodal agency for climate change issues in India.
It has constituted Working Groups on the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol. Work is currently in progress on India's initial National Communication (NATCOM) to the UNFCCC. India ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002
Flexible mechanisms The Kyoto protocol gives the Annex I countries the option to fulfill a part of their commitments
through three "flexible mechanisms". Emissions trading, Joint implementation, Clean development mechanism
Kyoto ProtocolKyoto ProtocolE
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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PrePre--Commissioning Energy Commissioning Energy Services & Design OptionsServices & Design Options
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Passive ArchitectureP
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• What is Passive Architecture?
• What change can it bring to the global climate?
• What are zero energy buildings?
• What should be the Airflow in the building?
• What kind of lighting has to be arranged?
• What materials to be used.?
• Would all this affect the comfort of the occupant?
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Solar Insulation in BangaloreP
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Solar Insulation in DelhiP
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Sun Shading AnalysisP
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Case Study-Lighting SimulationP
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GOAL: Placement of Light Sensor for
Controlling light out put
To see the day lighting efficacy of the design
To see the possible glare effect to advocate some preventive measure.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
What is Whole Building Energy Simulation
Determination of Buildings Thermal Characteristics
Understanding the building load profile.
Heating and cooling plant sizes can be calculated using design weather data.
Sensitivity Analysis- Impact of parameter variations
Whole Building Energy SimulationP
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Simulation Engine
Reports Graphs
Water pumping
Chillers Boilers
AHU
Lighting
Domestic water
Heating
Building Envelop
Misc. Electrical Facility
Weather Data
Certification Statement
LEED. Part-L
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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General Lighting Gain
Miscellaneous Gain
Process Gain
Computer + Equipment Gain
Occupancy Gain
Transmitted Solar Gain
Heating Delivered
Heat Removed/Cooling Delivered
Heat Balance in a Building
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
WIND SPD.
CLD TYPE
DIR SOL RAD.
SOLAR RAD
ENTHALPY
DENSITY
HUMIDITY
WINDDIR ISRAIN
ISNOW
CLDAMT
P ATOMSP
DBT
WBT
hour
DayMonth
Weather Data
General Lighting GainMiscellaneous GainProcess Gain
Computer + Equipment GainOccupancy GainTransmitted Solar Gain
Heating Delivered
Heat Removed/Cooling Delivered
1. Conductive, convective and radiative heat transfer calculation
2. Heat and Mass transfer Calculation
3. Thermal Inertia Calculation
4. Equipment Sizing Algorithms
5. Building Geometry, surface and Shading Algorithms
Weather Data Calculation Engine Results/Patterns
Building Envelop8670 Times
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Simulation Architecture
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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• Drawing of HVAC System
• Drawing of Central Plant
• Drawing of water heating System
• Material of Roof ,Ceiling, and partitions
• No. of floors
• Floor to floor height
• Plenum
• Sizes of windows and sky lights
• LPD
• EPD
• Occupancy Type
• Zone type for each block
• Daylight control
• Site Elevation
• Front azimuth angle
• Architectural detail drawings
• Wall constants
• Glazing
• Window Choice
• Bay Width
• Sill height
• Discount rate for project life cycle
• Project Life cycle
• Electricity rates
• Era built
• Holidays set for year
Simulation Parameters
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Summery of Available Analysis & Modeling Tools
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
1. Building Layout Study (*.dwg) collection
2. Building Activity Data.
3. Construction Data Collection.
4. Glazing Data Collection.
5. Lighting Data Collection.
6. HVAC Data Collection.
7. Energy Metering Data for the facility
8. Model Calibration / Simulation.
9. Compilation and interpretation of results
The Process of Carrying out Energy Simulation
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Features of Energy SimulationP
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A comprehensive range of simulation data can be shown in annual, monthly, daily, hourly or sub-hourly intervals:1. Energy consumption broken
down by fuel and end-use2. Internal air, mean radiant and
operative temperatures and humidity
3. Comfort output including temperature distribution curves,
4. Site weather data5. Heat transmission through
building fabric including walls, roofs, infiltration, ventilation etc.
6. Heating and cooling loads7. CO2 generation
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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The Weather Data
The Input Data
• Building Envelop (Geometry)
• Thermal Properties
• Operating Schedule
Discrete Event Simulation
• Running the Simulations
• Results
Components and Program
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Building Geometry and Plans
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
The fact that the excel formulas do not take into account the thermal inertia effect.
The tonnage has been calculated base on an instantaneous load.
The transient thermal behavior of the building is neglected.
There is no account to tell the operative, radiative and comfort temperatures of the occupant space.
Design & Load Evaluation of HVAC System
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Case Study 1 – HVAC Sizing and Material SelectionGOAL:Determinations of Hourly room air temperature Radiant temperature Comfort temperature Loss of HVAC due to glazing Loss of HVAC due to walls Loss of HVAC due to floors Loss of HVAC due to roofs Loss of HVAC due External infiltration Loss of HVAC due Task lighting Loss of HVAC due General lighting Loss of HVAC due Occupancy gains Loss of HVAC due Computers + equipment
gains Loss of HVAC due Transmitted solar gains Loss of HVAC due to Kitchen Activities Annual Expected Energy Bill for the building
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
22.839.32%22.640.61%
22.1420.4%
Mean Coincident Wet BulbDry Bulb
Design Temperatures for Gurgaon
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28.433.4Design
32.2 @ 80.21% RH35.4Hypothetical
Mean Coincident Wet Bulb
Dry Bulb
Design Wet Extreme Temperatures
Design Conditions and Plans
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
ECM 6: "SB“ECM 6: "SB“-- Single glass with plane 9 inches brick wall, inside plaster and out side exposed, roof insulation medium 5 inches vermiculite and white tiles.
ECM 7: “DB”ECM 7: “DB”-- Double glass with plane 9 inches brick wall, inside plaster and out side exposed, roof insulation medium 5 inches vermiculite and white tiles.
ECM 8: “SC”ECM 8: “SC”-- Single glass with Cavity brick wall, inside plaster and out side exposed and 1 inches EPS insulation. Roof insulation medium 5 inches vermiculite and white tiles.
ECM 9: “SP”ECM 9: “SP”-- Single glass with Cavity brick wall, inside plaster and out side exposed and 2 inches EPS insulation. Roof insulation medium 5 inches vermiculite and white tiles.
ECM 10: “DP”ECM 10: “DP”-- Double glass with Cavity brick wall, inside plaster and out side exposed and 2 inches EPS insulation. Roof insulation medium 5 inches vermiculite and white tiles.P
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Energy Conservation Measures
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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4.785.025.054.965.20Total Ton (s) in Different
ECM
0.530.540.550.600.61
HVAC Design Day Cooling -FF Guest Suit Bed Room Capacity (Tons)
0.120.120.120.130.13
HVAC Design Day Cooling -FF Kitchen Capacity (Tons)
0.310.320.330.400.40
HVAC Design Day Cooling-FF Guest Room Capacity (Tons)
0.600.620.620.610.62
HVAC Design Day Cooling-GF Bed Room Capacity (Tons)
1.011.051.051.021.06
HVAC Design Day Cooling-GF Kitchen Drawing Capacity (Tons)
2.172.342.342.182.35
HVAC Design Day Cooling-GF Drawing Room Capacity (Tons)
ECM-10-DPECM-9-SPECM-8-SCECM-7-DBECM-6-SBExtreme Wet Day
Results
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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6.176.526.566.416.75Total Ton(s) in Different ECM
0.720.760.770.810.85
HVAC Design Day Cooling -FF Guest Suit Bed Room Capacity (Tons)
0.160.170.170.170.18
HVAC Design Day Cooling -FF Kitchen Capacity (Tons)
0.430.460.480.540.57
HVAC Design Day Cooling-FF Guest Room Capacity (Tons)
0.860.900.900.870.91
HVAC Design Day Cooling-GF Bed Room Capacity (Tons)
1.241.311.311.251.32
HVAC Design Day Cooling-GF Kitchen Drawing Capacity (Tons)
2.732.902.902.742.91
HVAC Design Day Cooling-GF Drawing Room Capacity (Tons)
ECM-10-DPECM-9-SPECM-8-SCECM-7-DBECM-6-SBTon (s) cooling Dry Day
Results
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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The peak cooling load for the drawing room is coming about 147 w/m2 in an extremely dry day situation
The same is reduced to 119 w/m2 in a wet day condition.
The total tonnage of the house is 6.5 ton on dry day and 5 tons on a typical wet day.
The transient thermal behavior and the heat balance has been shown on an average basis for the two i.e. dry and wet days.
The graph also depicts the average comfort, sensible and radiant temperatures.
Results
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD in Building Air Flow Simulation Conservation of mass † Conservation of linear momentum† Conservation of energy Equation of state Initial and boundary conditions
CFD Approach in Building Assembling the governing equations Identifying flow domain and boundary
conditions Geometrical discretization of flow
domain Discretization of the governing
equations Incorporation of boundary conditions Solution of resulting algebraic equations Post-solution analysis and
reformulation, if needed
Ventilation System and Micro Climate Design
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† Mass and momentum conservation equations together are usually called Navier-Stokes equations
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Case Study 1 - Basement Ventilation
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GOALS:
Avoid Short Circuiting of Air
Maintain Comfortable air velocity
Check for Age of Air in the premises.
Trace the path of smoke in case of fire
Equipment sizing for controlled micro climate
Transient Simulation for Pollutant Dispersion
Fire Spread analysis for refuge area identification
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
ResultsP
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1. Dead air spot identified
2. Age of air has been calculated
3. Static pressure requirement has been obtained
1. Path of Smoke has been obtained
2. Placement of air moving device like jet fans identified
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
GOAL:
To find the right strategy to use the atriums for ventilation
To work out the natural ventilation rate in average weather
To study the effect of heat load on ventilation
To study the cooling wall convectors and their operation
Case Study 2 - Natural VentilationP
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
1. The house would remain at negative pressure as soon as out side warm air finds a large way into the house from door and windows
2. About 1 Pa pressure differential is achieved though this passive strategy
3. it is recommended that this strategy is to be used when out side environment is pleasant and no internal cooling or heating arrangement is working
4. 5 to 10 m3 of air flow, 0.5 ACH
1 The above concept of cold breeze falling on the common areas is better visible in the temperature contour.
2 It also shows that the bar, stair and rest of the common areas are well cooled. This is only achieved by closing the small atrium which is intern suppressing the buoyant warn air movement from that atriums.
Results
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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GOALGOAL:: To preserve its monumental status
a hidden air conditioning system has to be installed.
Required grill velocities to be determined to make sure that the throw of air is not felt.
To maintain the temperature of 23oC at the occupant height
Strategy need to be worked out to used the nine existing stone grill and the top atrium hole
Air flow rate required need to be calculated for 600 occupants
And temperature of treated fresh air need to be determined
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Total Volume= 7530 m3
Case Study 3 - Hall Ventilation & Micro Climate Design
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Temperature profile of the section of the hall which is depicting the throw of cold air.
Temperature profile of the section of the hall which is depicting the throw of cold air from a different section
Results
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Velocity Profile at the occupant height
Temperature Profile at the occupant height
Results Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Building Envelop OptimizationP
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Study of Thermal integrity of building envelop
Access different option to be used for building skin
Observe the trade-off between using different material and their capital and operating cost
Its Acts as a preliminary model for doing complex sensitivity analysis
Study the different glass option with there respective thermal properties
Serve the aspect of Multivariate analysis
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Case Study 1 - Window to Wall Ratio Determination
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GOAL:• The analysis was based on the fact
that using less glazing would create lesser heat load due to low out side heat gain i.e. Solar and Skin
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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1. Typical floor of the envelop.
2. Light Sensor are placed in the form of Red Dots
3. The glazing has been varied from 0% WWR to 100% WWR
1. Hourly Energy Simulation has been done by setting the required parameters
2. The total metered energy consumption has been evaluated
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Case Study 2- Glazing SelectionGOAL:o What is the best and the poorest
glazing option available? And how far are they in terms of relative operational efficiencies.
o Why not to use an inexpensive glass and what will be the financial consequences of operation.
o What percent operational efficiencies would we get if we use a better glass compare to a notional building façade
o What are the figures of relative saving in $, INR for all the ten façade options?
o What is the total electricity bill for building with all the ten façade options?
o What are the losses associated with the operations of building in KWh/m2.Yr considering all the ten façade options?
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
What are the individual breakup of energy component acting on the building like solar gain, glazing heat transfer and HVAC cooling etc with all the ten options?
What kind of weather really represent the weather that act on the subject building. ASHARE guidelines.
What are the life cycle cost (LCC) for the different option compared with notional option
What is the pay back with 3% to 4% energy inflation over the period of 25 year?
GOAL Contd:
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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SG-6LowE
DG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear
TG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-6Air-6Clear
QG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-6Air- 6Clear-6Argon-6Clear
DG-6Clear-13Air-6Clear
SG-6Clear (Notional Building Case)
DG-6LowE-13Air-6Clear
DG-6LowE-20Air-6Clear
DG-6LowE-6Argon-6Clear
DG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-China-Blue Green (China Option)
Glass Options to be Analyzed
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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• Simulations have shown that poorest glass usage would consume 9660 MWh of electrical energy annually where as the best possible option would consume 9273 MWh of electrical energy.
• It is also showing straight annual cost of not selecting best option if compared to the poorest (notional building) façade option. 387 MWh or about INR 20 Lakh
• The highest operational saving is 387 MWh which is attributed to quadruple glazing. But the LCC analysis does not recommend this glazing due to its huge initial capital.
• The operational cost differs if compared with the notional building façade, ranges from 6 to 20 Lakhs
• Out of total 210 KWh/m2.yr. Building annual energy use, from 2.5 KWh/m2.yr to 7.7 KWh/m2.yr is the range of operational cost saving which can be achieved from using poorest and the best façade option respectively.
• Considering building life of 25 yr. and an inflation in energy price till 2015 as 4% and after that a constant 3 % evaluated LCC has been calculated, which indicates that highest LCC come out to be of the poorest option that is clear single glazed units which is about (INR +3240,000)
• Similarly the LCC of Special Glass “A” option whose U value is 1.24 W/m2.C, acceptable SHGC and VT, is coming out to be very less due to its low initial capital and high performance compared to the others in this investment range.
Results
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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• Primary estimate depicts that using china glass for 25 yr would be saving about (INR -4.38 Cr.) where as other Double glazed façade options are showing a saving of (INR -1.4 to INR -3.0 Cr.)
• The study also show that highly efficient option like quadruple and triple glazed façade are not likely to fall in the ABC’s 5 yr. pay back policy due to their initial capital investment.
• Appendix VIII is showing pay back and return of investment year if saving is calculated considering notional building as a baseline for comparison.
• If we purchase glass from India the pay back would vary from 9 to 11 year, where as due to less capital investment XYZ product are paying back there worth in 5 to 7 year only..
Results Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Life Cycle Cost for 25 Year
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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-INR 50,000,000
-INR 40,000,000
-INR 30,000,000
-INR 20,000,000
-INR 10,000,000
INR 0
INR 10,000,000
INR 20,000,000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
DG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-China-BlueGreen
-INR 50,000,000
-INR 40,000,000
-INR 30,000,000
-INR 20,000,000
-INR 10,000,000
INR 0
INR 10,000,000
INR 20,000,000
INR 30,000,000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
TG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-6Air-6Clear
-INR 50,000,000
-INR 40,000,000
-INR 30,000,000
-INR 20,000,000
-INR 10,000,000
INR 0
INR 10,000,000
INR 20,000,000
INR 30,000,000
INR 40,000,000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
QG-6LowE-13Argon-6Clear-6Air-6Clear-6Argon-6Clear
-INR 50,000,000
-INR 40,000,000
-INR 30,000,000
-INR 20,000,000
-INR 10,000,000
INR 0
INR 10,000,000
INR 20,000,000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
DG-6LowE-20Air-6Clear
Payback Periods for Typical Options
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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BAS System SpecificationP
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1. The Specification Should be developed keeping in view that it has to serve as a centralized energy related information facility
2. With in BAS Point Definition, a modular structure has to be conceived to carry out required up gradation in the times to come
3. With in BAS frame work Intelligent text messages and pop ups with precise information has to be integrated for assisting the user in the fields
4. The climate and building energy usage profile should be logged seamlessly so that it can be looked at as and when needed in any diagnostics operation.
5. Preferably the system should be web based one, which identifies the need of its distribution and logical access to certain groups and administrators, Who keep an eye on building operations
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Whole Building Simulation Method by Approved Software
e.g. Part L- UK Regulation iSBEM Software
Manual Method (Discussed)
e.g. Envelop Performance Factor Method BEE India
Energy Conservation building Code 2005
Compliance With Local Energy Code
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Source: Energy Conservation Building Code 2005, BEE
Envelop Performance Factor Method
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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PostPost--Commissioning Energy Commissioning Energy Management OptionsManagement Options
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Source: BEE Course ware
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
The type of Energy Audit to be performed depends on: Function and type of industry
Depth to which final audit is needed, and
Potential and magnitude of cost reduction desired
Thus Energy Audit can be classified into the following two types. Preliminary Audit
Detailed Audit
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Preliminary energy audit is a relatively quick exercise to:
Establish energy consumption in the organization
Estimate the scope for saving
Identify the most likely (and the easiest areas for attention
Identify immediate (especially no/ low cost) improvements/ savings
Set a 'reference point‘
Identify areas for more detailed study/measurement
Preliminary energy audit uses existing, or easily obtained data
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Preliminary Energy Audit Methodology
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
A comprehensive audit provides a detailed energy project implementation plan for a facility, since it evaluates all major energy using systems.
This type of audit offers the most accurate estimate of energy savings and cost. It considers the interactive effects of all projects, accounts for the energy use of all major equipment, and includes detailed energy cost saving calculations and project cost.
In a comprehensive audit, one of the key elements is the energy balance. This is based on an inventory of energy using systems, assumptions of current operating conditions and calculations of energy use. This estimated use is then compared to utility bill charges.
Detailed energy auditing is carried out in three phases: Phase I - Pre Audit Phase Phase II - Audit Phase Phase III - Post Audit Phase
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Phase 1 (Pre Audit Phase) Step 1
• Plan and Organize• Walk through• Informal Interviews
Step 2• Brief meeting and awareness program
Phase 2 (Audit Phase) Step 3
• Preliminary Data Collection, process of building operation• BMS specification
Step 4• Survey and monitoring
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SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Step 5• Conduct detailed trial and efficiency experiments
Step 6• Analysis of Energy Use
Step 7• Identification and development of Energy conservation
Measure Step 8
• Cost benefit analysis Step 9
• Reporting and presentation to the top management
Phase 3 (Post Audit Phase) Implementation and follow ups
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Source: BEE Course ware
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Source: BEE Course ware
Energy Audit Kit Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Source: BEE Course ware
Energy Audit Kit Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Source: BEE Course ware
Energy Audit Kit Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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Source: BEE Course ware
Energy Audit Kit Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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nsEnergy Benchmarking
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Months
KW
h
Model Data
2004 Data
Justification:
1. The model data and actual data for ABC is almost of the same pattern
2. The weather file used for hourly simulation is statistical average of past 30 yr. data till 2002.which is used for 2004
3. The model is actually showing subtle shift/offset in energy usage.
4. The reason for the offset is some process which are constant and non weather dependant. Like server room and pumps etc.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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nsCase Study-Energy Benchmarking
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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nsCase Study-Energy Benchmarking Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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nsAnnual Energy Budgeting & Targeting Case Study - Energy Budget
Calculation
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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nsTargeting the Energy Usage
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
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nsEnergy Efficiency Monitoring Systems Base line energy usage
calculation by hourly Energy simulations
Energy Metering preferably sector wise like HVAC, lighting ,pumping and process heating etc
Targeting the energy usage anomalies by comparing with the baseline simulation data using CUSUM techniques.
Energy usage pattern recognition and study for building diagnostics and auditing.
Data acquisition and logging
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Recording -Measuring and recording energy consumption
Analyzing -Correlating energy consumption to a measured output, such as production quantity
Comparing -Comparing energy consumption to an appropriate standard or benchmark
Setting Targets -Setting targets to reduce or control energy consumption
Monitoring -Comparing energy consumption to the set target on a regular basis
Reporting -Reporting the results including any variances from the targets which have been set
Controlling -Implementing management measures to correct any variances, which may have occurred.
Checking the accuracy of energy invoices Allocating energy costs to specific departments (Energy
Accounting Centers) Determining energy performance/efficiency Recording energy use, so that projects intended to
improve energy efficiency can be checked Highlighting performance problems in equipment or
systems
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nsThe Essential Elements of Monitoring System
Source: BEE Courseware
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
On-site monitoring Employed Energy Analysts
and Staff team
Outsourced or contracted to Energy Analysts
Offsite Monitoring Online Remote Monitoring
Offline Remote Monitoring
Monitoring without geographic boundaries via internet
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nsType of Monitoring System
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Whether your current energy is better or worse than before Trends in energy consumption that reflects seasonal, weekly, and
other operational parameters How much your future energy use is likely to vary if you change
aspects of your business specific areas of wasted energy Comparison with other business with similar characteristics - This
"benchmarking“ process will provide valuable indications of effectiveness of your operations as well as energy use
How much your business has reacted to changes in the past How to develop performance targets for an energy management
program Information related to energy use may be obtained from following
sources: Plant level information can be derived from financial accounting
systems-utilities cost centre Plant department level information can be found in comparative energy
consumption data for a group of similar facilities, service entrance meter readings
etc. System level (for example, boiler plant) performance data can be
determined from sub metering data Equipment level information can be obtained from nameplate data, run-
time and schedule information, sub-metered data on specific energy consuming
equipment.
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nsWhy Monitoring?
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Energy Use Indicators Sub Electrical Meters Gas meters Generators output Oil consumption
Environmental Impact Indicators Green house gas emission
Lighting Lux level in specific areas
Indoor Air Quality CO2 Level CO Levels
Climate Indicator Sun Insulation Level( Solar Radiance) Ambient Temperature Out side Humidity
Major Energy Consuming Equipments Chillers Boilers AHUs Split Units, Server room Cooling Equipment
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nsWhat to Monitor?
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
General Efficiency Measures (Discussed)
Chillers Specific Measures (Discussed) AHU Specific Measures (Discussed) Boiler Specific Measures Room Air Conditioning Measures Building Air Leakage Measures
(Discussed) Building Insulation Measures
(Discussed) Control Use of Sun Light (Discussed) Electric Lighting Measures Independent Energy Using Equipment Transformer Specific Measures Service Water System Measures
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nsEnergy Efficiency Measure and Retrofits (Role of ESCO)
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Night Pre-cooling
Air-to-Air Heat Recovery—Heat Exchange Enthalpy Wheels
Air-to-Air Heat Recovery—Heat Pipe Systems
Air-to-Air Heat Recovery—Run-Around Systems
Displacement Ventilation
Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems
Ventilation Demand Control Using CO2
Hybrid Ventilation
Variable Flow/Variable Speed Pumping Systems
Low-NOx Burners
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nsGeneral Efficiency Measures
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Combustion Air Preheating
Combination Space/Water Heaters
Ground-Source Heat Pumps
Water-Loop Heat Pump Systems
Thermal Energy Storage for Cooling
Double-Effect Absorption Chillers
Gas-Engine-Driven Chillers
Gas-Fired Chiller/Heaters
Desiccant Cooling and Dehumidification
Indirect Evaporative Cooling
Solar Energy System—PhotovoltaicPos
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nsGeneral Efficiency Measures Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Light Conveyor
Water-Conserving Plumbing Fixtures
Gray-water Systems
Point-of-Use Domestic Hot Water Heaters
Direct-Contact Water Heaters
Rainwater Harvesting
Mixed Air Temperature Reset
Cold Deck Temperature Reset with Humidity Override
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nsGeneral Efficiency Measures Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Equipment Scheduling And Operating Practices
Distribute the cooling load among chillers in the manner that minimizes total plant operating cost. 1 - 20 % of cost of chiller operation.
Use automatic controls to shut down the entire chiller plant when there is no cooling load.
Turn off and isolate heat rejection equipment when the corresponding chiller turns off. 5 - 30 percent of the energy used by the condenser water pumps and cooling unit fans.
Install power switching that prevents unnecessary operation of spare pumps.
Turn off compressor sump/crankcase heaters during extended shutdown intervals. 20 - 200 dollars per year per compressor.
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nsChillers Specific Measure
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Optimum Operating Temperatures
Keep the chilled water supply temperature as high as possible. Optimize the condensing temperature.
Heat Rejection Equipment
Sequence the fans efficiently in multiple-cell cooling units. 10 - 40 % of fan energy and 1 - 5 % of chiller energy.
Clean heat rejection units at appropriate intervals. 0.1 - 5 % of chiller system operating cost.
Keep heat rejection unit housing and fittings intact. 0.1 - 2 % of chiller system operating cost
Avoid recirculation of air through the same or adjacent heat rejection units. 5 - 30 % of the fan energy of the heat rejection unit and 0.1 -2 % of chiller energy consumption.
Pump Energy Consumption, Adjust the discharge of pumps to match system flow and/or pressure requirements.
Refrigerant Condition, Repair chiller system leaks, Maintain the proper refrigerant charge, Install accessories that prevent air leakage into idle chillers by pressurizing them to keep the internal pressure higher than atmospheric.
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nsChillers Specific Measure Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
System Design for Efficient Low-Load Cooling
Install local cooling units to allow shutting down the central chiller plant during periods of low load. 5 - 30 % of total cooling energy consumption
Provide cross connections that allow shutting down the least efficient chillers if a facility has several chiller plants. 5 - 20 % of total chiller plant energy consumption
Heat Recovery From Chillers
Install a heat recovery chiller to recover large amounts of heat at elevated condensing temperatures.
Install a de-superheater to recover small quantities of heat at maximum temperature. The amount depends on the refrigerant and the features of the compressor.
Cooling Thermal Storage
Install cooling thermal storage, Varies widely
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nsChillers Specific Measure Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Minimize Duration of Operation
Turn off air handling systems when they are not needed. By using time clocks to start and stop air handling equipment where spaces
operate on regular schedules.10 - 70 % of the air handling system's operating cost.
By installing optimum start controllers to adapt starting times to weather conditions. 1 - 10 % of the air handling system's operating cost.
Outside air intake and building pressurization.
Adjust outside air intake to the minimum needed to satisfy comfort, health, and code requirements, and to maintain proper building pressurization. The savings are sure, greatest in climates that have extremes of temperature or humidity. By controlling outside air intake By sensing air contaminants. 30 -70 % of the cost of conditioning outside air.
Use air cleaning to reduce the need for outside air ventilation. Install a purge cycle for overnight cooling. 0.1 - 2 % of cooling energy Improve the envelope penetrations of air handling systems to minimize air
quality problems, wind problems and energy requirements. Varies widely. Minimize the use of extra heat for freeze protection 0.5 - 5 % of conditioning
energy Eliminate air handling system stratification that increases energy consumption
or reduces comfort. Varies widely.Pos
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nsAHU Specific Measure.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Personnel Doors Maintain the fit, closure, and the sealing of exterior doors. 10 - 200 dollars per
year per door depending on climate , energy cost, space layout etc. Install appropriate weather stripping on exterior doors.10 - 200 dollars per year
per door depending on climate , energy cost, space layout etc. Install a revolving door if a pressure differential at the entrance is unavoidable.
Thousands of dollar per year where a high pressure differential exists at the entrance.
Install vestibules for doors with frequent traffic.100 - 1000 dollars per year per door depending on climate , energy cost, building orientation etc.
Window Air Leakage Maintain the fit, closure and the sealing of windows. Upto 50 % of heating and
cooling costs. Install weather stripping on open able windows. 3 - 60 % of heating and cooling
costs, depending on the type and size of windows, space layouts etc. Other envelope Leakage
Seal gaps in the envelope structure. Varies widely Install gaskets at wall switches and receptacles that allow outside air leakage.
Typically about one dollar per year per gasket. Install roof and attic hatches that close tightly and reliably. 100 - 1000 dollars per
year in heating costs. Adjust and repair space air vents periodically. 100 - 1000 dollars per year in
heating costs. Ventilate elevator shafts rationally. Several hundred dollars per year per elevator
Pos
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nsBuilding Specific Measure Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Roofs and Attics Increase the quantity of attic insulation. Reduces heat loss by 70 - 90 % A rigid insulation to the top surface of the roofs. Reduces heat loss by 70- 90
% Apply sprayed foam insulation to the top surface of roofs. Reduces heat loss
by 70 - 90 % Install insulation on the underside of roofs. Reduces heat loss by 70 - 90 % Install a suspended insulated ceiling. Reduces heat loss by 60 - 80 %
Walls and Soffits Insulate wall cavities. 40 - 70 % of the heat loss and heat gains through the
insulated portions of the wall. Insulate the inside surface of the walls. 60 - 95 % of the heat loss or heat gain
through the wall. Insulate the outside surface of the walls. 60 - 90 % of the heat loss or heat
gain through the wall. Increase the thermal resistance of the panels in curtain walls. 60 - 90 % of the
heat loss or heat gain through the wall. Glazing Insulation
Install storm windows or supplemental glazing. About 35 - 65 % of conductive heat loss depending upon the number of original panes and the number of supplemental panes.
Reduce the area of glazing. Install thermal shutters. 60 - 80 % of heat loss through the affected glazing. Use window films that reflect heat back into the building.P
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Insulation Specific Measure Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Reducing Cooling Load: Windows & Skylights Install external shading devices. Save 70 - 95 % of the cooling load caused by
the shaded glazing. Install internal shading devices.20 - 50 % of the cooling load caused by the
shaded glazing. Install solar control films on existing glazing. 35 - 60 % of the solar cooling load reduce the area of glazing. Up to 50 % of total Heating cooling costs
Reducing Cooling Load: Opaque Surface and Overall. Improve the insulation of surfaces exposed to sunlight. Apply paint, coating or sheathing that minimizes absorption of sun light. Save up
to 30 - 70 % compared to using a finish with high heat gain. Effective ventilation of attics.30 - 70 % of the cooling load through the attic.
Day lighting Install skylights or light pipes. Skylights increase heating and cooling cost but this
penalty should be minor if the skylights are sized and laid out properly. Install diffusers for existing clear skylights.30 - 80 % of lighting costs. Install translucent roof and wall sections for day lighting. Install a system of light
shelves and shading.10 - 40 watts per foot along the wall. Passive Solar Heating
Keep open the window shades of unoccupied spaces that need heating.20 - 80 % of heating costs in the sun lighted spaces.
Install combinations of sunlight absorbers and reflectors inside windows and skylights.10 - 100 % of heating costs in the sun lighted spaces. P
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Control Use of Sun LightControl Use of Sun Light
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Form Partnership Make a commitment to significantly reduce building energy use and cost in your
community, and identify the organizations who will work together with you. Collect and Examine Data
Define your targeted building stock and collect basic data on building characteristics, energy use, and energy costs.
Conduct Initial Screening Conduct a simple screening of your targeted buildings to identify a candidate list
of buildings that represent the best opportunities for energy savings. Define Financing Options
Take a first look at costs, savings, and financing issues; develop rough cost estimates and funding options for both management and capital costs.
Develop an Action Plan Define a practical action plan with your partners, with financing, marketing, and
business strategies to achieve them. Evaluate Individual Buildings
Perform detailed energy audits on your best candidate buildings to define specific efficiency measures, their costs, and their savings potential.
Implement Your Program Design, finance, install, and commission energy-efficiency retrofits.
Verify and Report Results Verify and document the savings you have achieved in order to enhance the
credibility of your program, improve it, and tell others about your results. Pos
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nsHow an ESCO Operates?
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Pos
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nsGaining Confidence in Energy Calculations (The Key Formulae)
Source: BEE Course ware
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Pos
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nsThe Key Formulae Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Pos
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Man
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nsThe Key Formulae Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
PrePre
-- Com
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Serv
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& D
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es &
Des
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Opt
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The Key Formulae Contd.
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Question & Answer SessionQuestion & Answer Session
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571
Thank youYou can Reach me !
Or
Call me
+91 9873588571
SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, SMH Adil, Senior Energy Analyst, [email protected]@gmail.com, (M) 09873588571, (M) 09873588571