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Overview from the IPCC assessments on
climate change impacts and adaptations
Mark Howden and many others
ANU Climate Change Institute
Vice Chair, IPCC Working Group II
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ANU CCI / ANU ECI
UNFCC goals (paraphrased)
UNFCCC Article 2:
Prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system so as to
allow ecosystems to adapt naturally, ensure
that food production is not threatened and
enable economic development to proceed
in a sustainable manner.
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ANU CCI / ANU ECI
Climate change impacts happening everywhere
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ANU CCI / ANU ECI
Warm water coral reefs already suffering
Observations:Loss of live coral cover due to various drivers
WGII Box CC-CR
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ANU CCI / ANU ECI
Globally, climate change is already affecting
crop yields
Porter et al. 2014
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ANU CCI / ANU ECI
Sea levels are rising
NASA 2015
Sea leve
l change (
m)
0
1
2
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ANU CCI / ANU ECI
More emissions, more impacts
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ANU CCI / ANU ECI
Fisheries displaced and changed production
CHANGE IN MAXIMUM CATCH POTENTIAL (2051-2060 COMPARED TO 2001-2010, SRES A1B, 2°C warming of global surface T0.7°C warmer Sea Surface T)
<50% -21 – 50% -6 – 20% -1 – 5% No data 0 – 4% 5 – 19% 20 – 49% 50 – 100% >100%
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ANU CCI / ANU ECI
Food security increasingly challenged
Porter et al. 2014
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ANU CCI / ANU ECI NASA 2015
Sea leve
l change (
m)
0
1
2
Rising sea levels increasingly of concern
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ANU CCI / ANU ECI
Sea level rise has potentially large impacts
The maps show areas to be flooded with sea levels rising by 30 cm, 50 cm and 1 m
respectively - Figures: Courtesy of the Vietnam Academy for Water Resources
0.3m 0.5m 1.0m
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ANU CCI / ANU ECI
Long-term sea level rise very challenging
1.5°C
~2°C
~
Global mean temperature
change (°C)
Lo
ng
-te
rm s
ea
-le
ve
l rise
(m)
>7m when the
atmosphere last had 400
ppm CO2 3-5 Mya
5-9m during the last
interglacial 125 000 ya, at
0.7-2°C above pre-
industrial
Paleo-observations:
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• Rapid and substantial net emission reductions are
needed if we are to avoid substantial impacts
‒ opportunities from these
• Even with the Paris Agreement there will be a need for
significant investment in climate adaptation
• Adaptation benefits: can significantly reduce (but not
always remove) risks and take advantage of
opportunities
• Substantial alignment with disaster risk reduction, the
Sustainable Development Goals and with mitigation
Mitigation and adaptation solutions
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• Regional integration
• Link with the Sustainable Development Goals
• Solutions and adaptive capacity including costs and
economic evaluation
• Decision-making and implementation in relation to
social, cultural, institutional and psychological factors
• Outreach and engagement with the key user
communities (especially policy)
• Extreme events
• Sea level rise
• Integration of adaptation and mitigation
• Avoiding C lock-in, informing transformational change
• GHG removals
Potential areas for the 6th IPCC Assessment
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IPCC outputs
Activity Date
Special Report on 1.5oC 2018
Special Report on Oceans and Cryosphere 2019
Special Report on Climate Change and Land 2019
Methodology Report for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories2019
Sixth Assessment Reports (Working Group 1, 2,
3 and the Synthesis Report2022
UNFCCC Global Stocktake analyses 2023
Special Report on Cities ? 2024?
www.ipcc.ch
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Thankyou
Prof Mark Howden
ANU Climate Change Institute
+61 2 6125 7266
Vice Chair, IPCC Working Group II