Download - OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 1 “A Rose by Any Other Name” OSHA-Hawai’i Workshop May 20, 2009
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 1
“A Rose by Any Other Name”OSHA-Hawai’i Workshop
May 20, 2009
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 2
Perform a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) for every Major Task
Understand how the JHA can be used to: Identify Hazards and SolutionsTrain Employees and Involve Them in
working safelyHold individuals accountable for safety
performancePerform better accident investigationsContinuously improve your safety and
health program
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 3
Accident Hazard Analysis (AHA)
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Task Safety Analysis (TSA)
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 4
A tool that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards BEFORE they occur.
Looks at potential hazards caused by:The taskThe tools or equipment used People – (the worker or management) The environment
AND, how the hazards can be eliminated or reduced.
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 5
Organized, systematic approach to ID hazards
IDs hazards, causes, and corrective actions.
Involves employees – increase their awareness
Standardizes operations based on acceptable safe practices
Documents process to aid in:Accident investigation/analysisAccountability
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 6
The foundation for all future actionsProtective SystemsPersonal protective equipment (PPE)TrainingFrequency of re-inspections/re-evaluationsDocumentation
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 7
Start with the most hazardous jobs/tasks (worse first) Most severe – can cause deathMost frequent/likely
Not an exact science List, rank order, and do!
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 8
Install new Roofing tiles Demo the roof Clean-up and Leave site Deliver supplies to jobsite Job Estimating Maintain warehouse Sales Invoicing for work
Worst First!
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 9
There are three considerations of a Job Hazard Analysis:
What needs to get done? (Tasks)
What are the risks? (Hazards)
How we do it safely? (Controls)
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 10
Pre-job phaseProcess designConstruction
Prior to any Process Change If you’ve never done it before
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 11
1. Break down job/tasks into discrete STEPS
2. For each step, identify all potential HAZARDS
3. For each potential hazard, evaluate the RISK in order to prioritize corrective actions.
4. For each potential hazard, figure out a CORRECTION OR CONTROL
5. MAINTAIN hazard correction or control.
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 12
Basic Job Steps Potential Hazards Control & Recommended
Actions
What needs to get Done?
What are the risks? How do we do it safely?
WORK SITE - Job Hazard Analysis TASK: _____________This completed JHA shall be kept at the work site until the task is complete. Forward completed JHA forms to the head office for reference. In the case of an accident, this form must be retained for use by the supervisor.
Equipment to be used
Inspection req. Training requirements
List all equipment to be used in the work activity
List all inspection requirements for the work activity
List all training requirements, including chemical safety (hazard communication)
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 13
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 14
Grinding Iron Castings1. Reach into metal box to
right of machine (grinder), grasp casting, and carry to wheel
2. Push casting against wheel to grind off burr
3. Place finished casting in box to left of machine (grinder).
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 15
Potential for harm or damage to PEOPLE PROPERTY ENVIRONMENT
A situation at a workplace capable of causing harm
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 16
Tripping/Slipping Hazards - Fall Hazards - Electrical Hazards - Machinery – cut, lacerate, crush Chemical Hazards – poisons, irritants,
asphyxiants Biological Hazards – Mold, Tuberculosis,
HIV People – Workplace Violence
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 17
A Hazard is not an ACCIDENT until there is Exposure to the hazard.
Hazard + Exposure Accident
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 18
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 19
Proximity to danger zone
“arm’s length” for machinery
Body length for falls
Breathing zone for chemicals
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 20
Head Arms/Legs Ears Lungs Stomach Ingestion Eyes Dermal/Skin
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 21
Walk around & Observe People workingThe surroundingsRead Labels and Material Safety Data Sheets
(chemical hazards)
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 22
Look around this room What potential hazards do you see?
Jot some of them down
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 23
Grinding Iron Castings1. Reach into metal
box to right of machine, grasp casting, and carry to
2. Push casting against wheel to grind off burr.
3. Place finished casting in box to left of machine.
1. Back injury from reaching/bending/carrying.
2. Cut/laceration from sharp burrs on castings.
3. Toe injury from dropping casting on foot.
4. Bruise/abrasion as casting slips on wheel.
5. Eye injury and punctures/cuts from wheel breakage.
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 24
RISK = Severity x Probability
Severity– what can happen
(Consequences)
Probability – the likelihood of it happening
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 25
High Death, permanent disability, or chronic irreversible illness
Medium Injuries or illnesses – some lost time, hospitalization
Low Temporary, reversible, no hospitalization, no lost time.
Minimal Injuries and illnesses requiring no treatment, e.g. aspirin or small band aid.
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 26
Amputation Severe electrical
burns Chemical burns to
eyes Cancer Chemical
sensitization
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 27
Fractures/broken bones
Severe sprain or strain
Severe dermatitis – open wounds/sores
Lacerations requiring stitches
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 28
Bruises Scrapes, Abrasions Minor cuts Mild headache Mild strain/sprain[Generally treatable
with first aid]
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 29
No Treatment Minor bruise Small cut
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 30
Greater Probability of the event/accident is higher than that which is rated “lesser”
Lesser Probability of the event/accident is lesser than that which is rated “greater”
You decide where the dividing line is.
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 31
Hazard – Fall from 8’ Ladder What factors can increase the likelihood
of falling?Condition of ladder – slippery, wobblyDuration – how long on ladderNumber of people climbing laddersPace of job – how quickly task must be doneAdditional load – carrying anything?Environmental – outdoors in sun, wind, rain
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 32
No. of Employees Exposed to Hazard Duration of Exposure Proximity to Danger zone Work Pace Environmental
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 33
10 workers on ladders Up to 2 hours a day Carrying tarps and other equipment Task requires reaching Pace – fast OutdoorsIs a fall unlikely, likely or highly likely?
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 34
So what do we do with the information on severity and probability?
Assign priorities for action Using your company’s risk profile
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 35
Priority Severity Probability
1 High Greater
2 Medium Greater
3 Low Greater
4 High Lesser
5 Medium Lesser
6 Low Lesser
7 Minimal Greater
8 Minimal Lesser
You decide what you risk tolerance is
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 36
Hazard Severity Probability
Priority
1 Back injury Medium Greater 2
2 Cut/Laceration from sharp burrs
Low Greater 3
3 Toe fracture Medium Lesser 5
4 Bruise/abrasion Low Lesser 6
5 Eye injury, cuts/punctures from wheel breakage
High Lesser 4
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 37
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 38
Hierarchy of Hazard Controls
Engineering (1st choice)
Administrative/Work Practice (2nd choice)
PPE (Last Resort!)
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 39
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 40
Grinding Iron Castings – see page 16 Engineering solution –
Adjustable platform or pallet, reconfigure work station
Administrative Solution Don’t twist, move feet
Personal Protective Equipment Gloves, safety glasses, steel toe shoes.
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 41
Inspections/AuditsDo the solutions/controls really work?Are they still working?Have we identified all hazards ?
Education and TrainingTraining – HowEducation - Why
Preventive MaintenanceKeeping things working as they shouldFollow manufacturer’s recommendations
Need both!
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 42
Equipment NeedsGrinder, Leather gloves, Safety goggles,
Steel-toe shoes Inspection Requirements
Inspect Grinder daily Inspect PPE for wear
Training RequirementsGrinder usePPE use and care
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 43
Regular frequency Rotation – review x% every year until all
reviewed within 5 years Accident/Incident
Include “near misses” Process Change
OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 44
Systematically identify workplace hazards and solutions
Train employees in safe work procedures and involve them in working safely
Hold individuals accountable for safety performance
Perform better accident investigations Continuously improve your safety and
health program