Download - Organizational Innovation & Problem Solving
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Organizational
Innovation &Problem Solving
Presented by:
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The Creative Process
Process/processes that lead to products, ideas, procedures anddiscussions that are original and useful
-Creativity is the thinking associated with Ideas, Imagination,
Inspiration, Intuition and Ingenuity.
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Creative Problem Solving
STEP 1. State what appears to be the problem.
The real problem may not surface until facts have beengathered and analyzed. Therefore, start with what oneassumes to be the problem, that can later be confirmed
or corrected.
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Creative Problem Solving
STEP 2. Gather facts,
feelings and opinions.
What happened?
Where, when and how did it occur?
What is its size, scope, and severity? Who and what is affected?
Likely to happen again?
Need to be corrected?
May need to assign priorities to critical elements
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Creative Problem Solving
STEP 3. Restate the problem.
The real facts help make this possible, and prosupporting data.
The actual problem may, or may not be the same as stateStep 1.
Four tools to use in defining the problem are:-
1.Determining where the problem originated
2.Defining the present state and the desired state
3.Stating and restating the problem
4.Analyzing the problem
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Creative Problem SolvingSTEP 4. Identify alternative solutions.
Generate ideas.
Do not eliminate any possible solutions until several havbeen discussed.
Once done, start selecting the ideas
Possible techniques:-- Brainstorming
- Brain writing
- Mind mapping
- Analogies
SubstituteCombine
AdaptModify/ Magnify
Put to other usesEliminate
Reverse or Rearrange
Divergence
Convergence
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Creative Problem Solving
STEP 5. Evaluate alternatives.
Which will provide the optimum solution?
What are the risks?
Are costs in keeping with the benefits? Will the solution create new problems?
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Creative Problem Solving
STEP 6. Implement the decision!
Who must be involved?
To what extent?
How, when and where?
Who will the decision impact?
What might go wrong?
How will the results be reported and verified?
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Creative Problem Solving
STEP 7. Evaluate the results.
Test the solution against the desired results.
Make revisions if necessary.
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The Creative Personality
They daydream
Creative types know, despite whattheir third-grade teachers may havesaid, that daydreaming is anything buta waste of time.
They observe everythin
The world is a creative perso-- they see possibilities everyand are constantly taking ininformation that becomes focreative expression.
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The Creative Personality cont.
They work the hours thatwork for them
Many great artists have said that theydo their best work either very early inthe morning or late at night
They take time for solit
In order to be open to creatimust have the capacity forconstructive use of solitude.must overcome the fear of balone
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The Creative Personality cont.
They turn life's obstacles around
Many of the most iconic stories and songsof all time have been inspired by gut-wrenching pain and heartbreak -- and thesilver lining of these challenges is that theymay have been the catalyst to create greatart
They seek out new experie
Openness to experience is consisstrongest predictor of creativeachievement," says Kaufman.
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The Creative Personality cont.
They "fail up "Creatives fail and the really good
ones fail often," Forbes contributorSteven Kotler wrote in a piece onEinstein's creative genius.
They ask the big quest Creative people are insatia
-- they generally opt to liveexamined life, and even as older, maintain a sense of cabout life
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The Creative Personality cont.
They people-watch Observant by nature and curious
about the lives of others, creativetypes often love to people-watch --and they may generate some of theirbest ideas from it.
They take risks "There is a deep and mean
connection between risk tacreativity and it's one that'overlooked," contributor StKotler wrote in Forbes
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The Creative Personality cont.
They view all of life as anopportunity for self-expression
"Creativity is nothing more than anindividual expression of your needs,desires and uniqueness."
They follow their true p Creative people tend to be
motivated -- meaning that motivated to act from somdesire, rather than a desireexternal reward or recognit
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The Creative Personality cont.
They get out of their own heads Another purpose of daydreaming is to help
us to get out of our own limitedperspective and explore other ways ofthinking, which can be an important assetto creative work.
They lose track of the tim Creative types may find that w
writing, dancing, painting or exthemselves in another way, thezone," or what's known as a flowhich can help them to create highest level.
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The Creative Personality cont.
They surround themselves withbeauty
A study showed that musicians -- includingorchestra musicians, music teachers, and soloists-- exhibit a high sensitivity and responsiveness toartistic beauty
They connect the dots
"Creativity is just connecting thingsask creative people how they did sthey feel a little guilty because theydo it, they just saw something. It seto them after a while. That's becauable to connect experiences they'vsynthesize new things."
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The Creative Personality cont.
They constantly shake thingsup
"Creative people have morediversity of experiences, and habit isthe killer of diversity of experience"
They make time formindfulness
Creative types understandof a clear and focused minbecause their work depen
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Thinking is the highest mental activity present in man
All human achievements and progress are simply the products ofthought
Thought and action are inseparable - they are actually the two sides of the sam
coin
All our deliberate action starts from our deliberate thinking. For a man to do
something, he should first see it in his mind's eye -- he should imagine it, think
about it first, before he can do it
The purpose of thinking, paradoxically, is to arrive at a state where thinking is
more necessary at all. In other words, thinking starts with a problem and ends
solution.
Edward de Bono is the worlds leading authority in the field of creative and
conceptual thinking & is the Originator of the term Lateral Thinking
He is the Author of over 60 books in 47 languages
THINKING
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LATERAL THINKING
Lateral thinking is solving problems through an indirect and creative approac
using reasoning that is not immediately obvious
There are two types of thinking -- Vertical thinking and Lateral thinking
VERTICAL THINKING
high probability thinking
Area of focus
Truth
Logic
What is
LATERAL THINKING
low probability thinking
Area of focus
Possibilities, alternatives,what
might be
Thinking that finds solutions in ways that do not seem
obvious
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Rethink! Look at problems in many different ways
Visualize! Utilize diagrams and imagery to analyze your dilemma
Produce! Genius is productive
Combine! Make novel combinations
Form! Form relationships
Opposite! Think in opposites
Metaphor/simile! Think metaphorically
Failure! Learning from your mistakes is one example of using failure
Patience! Don't confuse inspiration with ideas.
NINE APPROACHES TO CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
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Once there was loving couple traveling in a bus in a
mountainous area. They decided to get down at some place. After the
couple got down at some place the bus moved on. As the bus moved on,
a huge rock fell on the bus from the mountain and crushed the bus to
crumbs. Everybody on board was killed. The couple upon seeing that,
said, "*We wish we were on that bus*" Why do u think they said that ?
How will you think for this problem?
How Will You Think For This Problem?
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If they had remained on the bus instead of deciding to
get down, the resulting time delay could have been avoided and
the rock would have fallen after the bus had passed..!!!
The vertical thinkers must have answered - the couples
came there for suicide. They stick to one solution even it is
negative. Is it not lateral thinking???
Is it not lateral thinking???
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Emergent
Innovative
Inventive Productive
Expressive
Creativity Levels
Emergent creativity:
Emergent creativity involves bringing forth a principle or idea that is
entirely new to humankind, and that has far-reaching effects on how we
perceive reality
Innovative creativity:
Here creative individuals builds on their knowledge of whatever field
they are in, climbing on the shoulders of their predecessors, so to speak,
to reach even higher levels of new understanding and ideas
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Inventive creativity and productive creativity :
Inventive creativity finds new uses for existing concepts and parts, while
productive creativity is the description given when someone develops
objects or ideas that are new to him or her, but not necessarily to other
people
Expressive creativity:
Expressive creativity expresses feelings and ideas but does not need any
particular skill or originality. This is well illustrated by the pictures that
parents often place on their refrigerators or family notice-boards after
young children have excitedly brought their latest art effort home from
school
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The six thinking hats - Process and rationale by Edward De Bor
Rationale
Cooperative explorationreplaces adversarial
thinking
Ego factors are removed
Negativity is not allowed
Process
Meeting of several people
Deliberate putting on of
different hats i.e. different
attitudes
Everyone wears each hat
simultaneously
Hats are changed during
meeting
Deliberate Lateral Thinking Tools
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Six Thinking Hats
White hat Red hat Black hat
Association White paper:neutral
carrier of
information
Fire, warmth Strict judge, intol
of wrong doers
Area of focus Data and
information
Feelings,
intuition
Critical judgemen
Questions/discussion
topic
This is what I feelMy gut feel is that
I dont like the way
My intuition tells me
The regulations dallow
He doesnt have t
experience
Those prices won
profitable
We wont fill cap
What info do wehave?
What info is
missing?
Where will we get
it?
How will we get
it?
Source: Edward de Bor
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Six Thinking Hats Continued...
Yellow hat Green hat Blue hat
Association Sunshine
Optimism
Logical, positive
view
Vegetation,
Rich growth
Sky
Overview
Area of focus Benefits (logically
based)
Feasibility
Creative thinking
New ideas
Additional alternatives
Agenda
Next steps
Process control
Questions/
discussion
topic
Are there alternatives?
Could there be another
reason?
What is a creative
solution
Lets summarize v
Lets look at prior
The points to disc
are...
This would work if
we did X
The benefit would
come from Y
High labour costs
mean a lower
workforce
Source: Edward de Bor
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Sequence is not fixed, but often it is:
1. White info
2. Green ideas
3. Yellow benefits of ideas
4. Black evaluation
5. Red feelings
6. Blue - conclusions
Six Thinking Hats - Evaluation
+
+
-
Takes people away from normal
attitudes
Easy to use
Participants often feel very awkward
and ill at ease initially
D l i E l C ti it
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Developing Employee Creativity
Creativity is the ability to generate novel and useful ideas and solutions to eveand challenges, Creativity is very important to organizations that want to solv
Creative thinking can be divided into two types of reasoning:-
The intellectual ability to think of m
original, diverse, and elaborate ide
Divergent thinking is essential to thof creative products
Divergentthinking
The intellectual ability to logically evacritique and choose the best idea froselection of ideas
whereas convergent thinking is fundto the appropriateness
Convergentthinking
6 Ways To Unleash Creativity In The Wor
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6 Ways To Unleash Creativity In The Wor
The demand for creativity from employees is rising in this age of technological advancement
This is evident when we see multinational companies like Googlesomething known as a the 20 percent program or policy
Google developers spend 20 percent of their workinghours (a day at work) on side projects
To give employees the time and space to think
innovatively Indeed, the policy works well, with some of
the best products of Google (e.g. Google News)originating from the program
Some of you may think that creativity is an inborn trait
rather than something that can be learned and
developed This may be so, but without
a conducive environment for creativity to be
expressed, how can we expect to see ideas arising
from creative employees?
Continued
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Continued
1.Reward Creativity To think out-of-the-box ideas
suggestions have to be takenseriously Otherwise, everyonewill think its a waste of time
To kick-start things up, you can setgoals for your employees to think upof some ways of making workprocesses more efficient
This will be followed with a rewardfor the employee & equallyimportant, implementation
Reward can be tangible like -monetary incentives, orintangiblelike- recognition from theorganization by announcing thewinner to the rest.
2.Innovation Teams Each innovation team will
be tasked to come up withideas on how to improve thework process of a particularaspect
This will signal to everyonethat the organization valueswork-related creativity
Creativity is supposed to bespontaneous
3. Anonymit Employees m
motivated to outlets to voideas
The outspokespeak to the some suggesothers may bdo so in this m
Providing a sanything simemployees thconfidential
Brainstormi
Continued
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Continued
4.Support Creativity Employees may be unwilling to
take risks because they do notknow whether the organizationsupports creativity
This has a lot to do with howreceptive you are to theirideas, and how you make
known your intention to be amore creative company
Afraid of the repercussions ofmaking mistakes
5. Diversity Among Employees How can different ideas
exchange if everyone thinks in asimilar manner? Employees withcomparable backgrounds,qualifications, experience, etc.creates a homogeneousworking environment
Hire staffs from differentknowledge andbackground and get them tomingle around in projects andeven company events
6. Positive WEnvironmen
Too serious acreativity, Havwork allows onwhere one tenwonderful idea
stressful or evenvironment d
to think of doin
Psychological that positive m
We become msense and are alternatives