Download - Organic Nutrients: The Building Blocks of Life 1. Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids
Organic Nutrients: The Building Blocks of Life
1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
Protein
A. Monomer: Amino Acids
B. Polymer:
Polypeptides (amino acids
linked by peptide bonds)
Nucleic Acid
Atoms Names Structure Examples Functions
CarbonHydrogenOxygenNitrogenSulfur
Nutrient
End in: “in” pepsin
“gen” collagen
“ase” lipase
Long chains of amino acids
Structural 1. Collagen 2. Keratin
Globular1. Enzymes2. Transport3. Hormones4. Actin/Myosin5. Antibodies 6. Gene Regulatory
Cell Parts1. Cytoskeleton2. Connective tissue
1. Chemical Rx2. Transports3. Signals 4. Movement5. Defense6. Activate DNA
Same as above
Same as above
End in “ine” example: glycine leucine
20 different types
Amine (NH2) +Carboxyl Acid (COOH) +“R” group
GlycineLeucineProlineHistidine (20)
Building blocks of proteins
Same as above
Primary --->
Secondary->
Tertiary ---->
Quaternary
Amino acid chain +H bonds interactions +R group interactions +Many chains bond together
Forms a-helices & pleated sheets
Shapes proteins into active form (Native Structure)
C, O, H, N, P GenesChromosomes
Monomers:Nucleotides
Polymer:DNARNA
Carries genetic information(how to make proteins)
Protein and life
Summary
OR IS IT?Let’s take a new,
‘fresh’ perspective on food
Quaternary Structure
3 intertwining chainsCollagen
2 Alpha Chains & 2 Beta Chains
Hemoglobin
Slide 2
Slide 2
Denatured Protein
Denaturing Conditions
1. pH changes
2. Temperature
3. Water Concentration
4. Salinity
(All of the above interfere with H bonds and ionic interactions)
The 4 Levels of Protein Structure
Protein unravels and loses its native shape, thereby becoming biologically inactive
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Folding can be “autocatalytic” or helped by local environments
Protein Unfolding: Denaturation
1. pH changes *
2. Temperature *
3. Water Concentration *
*Note: Condition will interfere with H bonds, Ionic and Hydrophilic interaction The covalent peptide bonds stay intact
Slide 9
Chaperonins Aid in Proper Protein Folding
How a chaperonin opens and closes Slide 9